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Modular architecture for fully non-blocking silicon photonic switch fabric

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 430-438页

作者： Dessislava Nikolova david M.calhoun Yang Liu Sébastien Rumley Ari Novack Tom Baehr-Jones Michael Hochberg Keren Bergman Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University530 West 120th StreetNew YorkNY 10027USA Coriant Advanced Technology Group 171 Madison AvenueNew YorkNY 10016USA

Integrated photonics offers the possibility of compact,low energy,bandwidth-dense interconnects for large port count spatial optical switches,facilitating flexible and energy efficient data movement in future data communications *** achieve widespread adoption,intimate integration with electronics has to be possible,requiring switch design using standard microelectronic foundry processes and available *** report on the feasibility of a switch fabric comprised of ubiquitous silicon photonic building blocks,opening the possibility to combine technologies,and materials towards a new path for switch fabric *** than focus on integrating all devices on a single silicon chip die to achieve large port count optical switching,this work shifts the focus towards innovative packaging and integration *** this work,we demonstrate 1×8 and 8×1 microring-based silicon photonic switch building blocks with software control,providing the feasibility of a full 8×8 architecture composed of silicon photonic building *** proposed switch is fully non-blocking,has path-independent insertion loss,low crosstalk,and is straightforward to *** further analyze this architecture and compare it with other common switching architectures for varying underlying technologies and radices,showing that the proposed architecture favorably scales to very large port counts when considering both crosstalk and architectural *** a switch fabric into functional building blocks via multiple photonic integrated circuits offers the advantage of piece-wise manufacturing,packaging,and assembly,potentially reducing the number of optical I/O and electrical contacts on a single die.

关键词： data communications optical switching silicon photonics

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难治性和顽固性高血压:降压治疗抵抗和治疗失败

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中华高血压杂志 2015年第7期23卷 612-615页

作者： david A.calhoun MD 伯明翰阿拉巴马大学血管生物学和高血压研究室

几十年来难治性高血压被定义为尽管使用包括利尿剂在内的3种降压药,血压仍未能控制达标[1]。美国心脏协会（American Heart Association,AHA）一份科学声明对难治性高血压的定义做了进一步扩展,包括了使用≥4种降压药能使血压控制达标... 详细信息

几十年来难治性高血压被定义为尽管使用包括利尿剂在内的3种降压药,血压仍未能控制达标[1]。美国心脏协会（American Heart Association,AHA）一份科学声明对难治性高血压的定义做了进一步扩展,包括了使用≥4种降压药能使血压控制达标的高血压[2]。

关键词：顽固性高血压难治性高血压降压药治疗失败治疗抵抗美国心脏协会血压控制利尿剂

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Regional Heterogeneity in 3D Myocardial Shortening in Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Cardiovascular CMR Tagging Substudy to the Life Study

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： Robert W. W. Biederman Alistair A. Young Mark Doyle Richard B. Devereux Eduardo Kortright Gilbert Perry Jonathan N. Bella Suzanne Oparil david calhoun Gerald M. Pohost Louis J. Dell’Italia Division of Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular CMR Gerald McGinnis Cardiovascular Institute Allegheny General Hospital Drexel University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA ACTEK Inc. Birmingham USA University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

Background: Increased relative wall thickness in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been shown by echocardiography to allow preserved shortening at the endocardium despite depressed LV midwall circumferential shortening (MWCS). Depressed MWCS is an adverse prognostic indicator, but whether this finding reflects reduced global or regional LV myocardial function, as assessed by three-dimensional (3D) myocardial strain, is unknown. Methods and Results: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) tissue tagging permits direct evaluation of regional 3D intramyocardial strain, independent of LV geometry. We evaluated 21 hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic LVH in the LIFE study and 8 normal controls using 3D MR tagging and echocardiography. Patients had higher MR LV mass than normals (116 ± 40 versus 63 ± 6 g/m2, P = 0.002). Neither echocardiographic fractional shortening (32 ± 6 versus 33% ± 3%), LVEF (63% versus 64%) or mean end-systolic stress (175 ± 27 versus 146 ± 28 g/cm2) were significantly different, yet global MWCS was decreased by both echocardiography (13.4 ± 2.8 versus 18.2% ± 1.5%, P P P = 0.002) in LVH and greater in lateral and anterior regions versus septal and posterior regions ( P P P 0.60, P = 0.001 for both). Conclusions: In patients with hypertensive LVH, despite normal LV function via echocardiography or CMR, CMR intramyocardial tagging show depressed global MWCS while 3D MR strain revealed marked underlying regional heterogeneity of LV dysfunction.

关键词： Hypertension Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cardiac Mechanics Heart Wall Motion 3D

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Astigmatic correction with implantation of a light adjustable vs monofocal lens: a single site analysis of a randomized controlled trial

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第7期12卷 1101-1107页

作者： Majid Moshirfar William D.Wagner Steven H.Linn david F.Skanchy Tanner W.Brown Aaron T.Gomez Jackson L.Goldberg Yasmyne C.Ronquillo Phillip C.Hoopes Jr. HDR Research Center Hoopes VisionDraper UT 84020USA John A. Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Utah Lions Eye Bank MurrayUT 84107USA Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine RichmondVA23298USA McGovem Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center HoustonTX77030USA The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX78539USA

AIM: To evaluate the light adjustable lens(LAL) vs a standard monofocal lens in achieving target astigmatic refraction and improving postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA). METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with pre-existing astigmatism and visually significant cataract. Twenty-eight patients received the LAL and 12 control patients received a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) after cataract extraction at a single institution. The patients with the LAL underwent adjustment by ultraviolet(UV) light postoperatively plus subsequent lock-in procedures and all patients returned to clinic for follow up of study parameters at 6, 9, and 12 mo. Manifest refraction, distance visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded at each ***: The mean cylinder before adjustment in eyes with the LAL was-0.89±0.58 D(-2.00 to 0.00 D) and-0.34±0.34 D(-1.25 to 0.00 D) after lock-in(P=1.68 x10-8). The mean cylinder in patients with the monofocal lens was-1.00±0.32 D(-1.50 to-0.50 D) at 17-21 d postoperatively, which was statistically different from the LAL cylinder postlock-in(P=1.43 x10-6). UDVA in the LAL group was 20/20 or better in 79% of patients post lock-in with good stability over 12 mo compared with 33% of the control patients with UDVA of 20/20 or better. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the LAL is more effective in achieving target refractions and improving postoperative UDVA in patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism than a standard monofocal lens.

关键词： light adjustable lens monofocal lens astigmatism cataract

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