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An extracellular matrix paradox in myocardial scar formation

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1139-1140页

作者： Sangkyun cho david T.Paik Joseph c.wu Stanford cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Radiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

In a recent article in cell,Yokota et al.1 demonstrate that type V collagen,a minor component of the cardiac extracellular matrix,plays a paradoxical role in limiting scar size after myocardial infarction by altering the mechanical properties of the developing scar tissue and by regulating integrindependent activation of cardiac fibroblasts(Fig.1).

关键词： scar al cardiac

Effect of stripe rust on the yield response of wheat to nitrogen

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The crop Journal 2014年第4期2卷 201-206页

作者： Rakhesh Devadas Steven Simpfendorfer david Backhouse david w.Lamb climate change cluster (c3) Faculty of Sciences University of Technology Sydney Australia Precision Agriculture Research Group University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia NSw Department of Primary Industries Tamworth NSW 2340 Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia cooperative Research centre for Spatial Information P.O. Box 672 Carlton South VIC 3053 Australia

Nitrogen(N) is the most important fertiliser element determining the productivity of wheat.N nutrition is known to affect the level of stripe rust infection, with higher N associated with increased disease severity. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major yield-limiting disease of wheat in Australia. This paper describes experiments designed to investigate the agronomic response to the interaction of various levels of N application and stripe rust severity in wheat varieties differing in response. Experimental plots were established in crop seasons 2006 and 2007 on the Liverpool Plains of northern NSw, ***, biomass, grain protein content(GPc) and harvest index(HI) data were *** rates of N increased the severity of stripe rust during grain filling. N application also increased yield and GPc in all varieties in both years. Stripe rust reduced the yield of the rust-susceptible wheat varieties, and GPc and proportion of added N recovered in the grain were also reduced in one year but not the other. It was evident from our experiment that stripe rust caused yield loss accompanied by either no change or reduction in GPc, indicating that the total amount of N entering the grain was reduced by stripe rust. The effects of stripe rust on N yield are most likely associated with reduced uptake of N during grain filling.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis Yield Grain protein Nitrogen deficiency

FTY720,a sphingosine analog,altered placentome histoarchitecture in ewes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 380-392页

作者： Kathrin A.Dunlap Bryan G.white david w.Erikson M.carey Satterfield christiane Pfarrer Guoyao wu Fuller w.Bazer Robert c.Burghardt Kayla J.Bayless Greg A.Johnson Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Okanagan college Salmon Arm campus Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCanada Endocrine Technologies core Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health&Science UniversityBeavertonORUSA Department of Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverBischofsholer Damm 1530173 HannoverGermany Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Molecular and cellular Medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:The lysosphingolipid,sphingosine-1-phosphate,is a well-described and potent pro-angiogenic ***,as well as the sphingosine phosphorylating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1,are expressed in the placentomes of sheep and the decidua of rodents;however,a function for this signaling pathway during pregnancy has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate promoted angiogenesis within the placentomes of pregnant *** were given daily jugular injections of FTY720(2-amino-2[2-(−4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propate-1,3-diol hydrochloride),an S1P ***:FTY720 infusion from days 30 to 60 of pregnancy did not alter maternal organ weights nor total number or mass of placentomes,but did alter placentome *** of caruncular crypts and cotyledonary villi was decreased,as was the relative area of cotyledonary tissue within ***,the percentage of area occupied by cotyledonary villi per unit of placentome was increased,while the thickness of the caruncular capsule was decreased in ewes treated with ***,FTY720 infusion decreased the number and density of blood vessels within caruncular tissue near the placentome capsule where the crypts emerge from the ***,FTY720 infusion decreased asparagine and glutamine in amniotic fluid and methionine in allantoic fluid,and decreased the crown rump length of day 60 ***:while members of the sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway have been characterized within the uteri and placentae of sheep and mice,the present study uses FTY720 to address the influence of S1P signaling on placental *** present evidence that modulation of the S1P signaling pathway results in the alteration of caruncular vasculature,placentome architecture,abundance of amino acids in allantoic and amniotic fluids,and fetal growth during pregnancy in *** marked morphological changes in placentome histoarchitec

关键词： Placentome Pregnancy Sheep Sphingosine1 phosphate(S1P)

Specific serum antibody binding to phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated tau in non-cognitively impaired,mildly cognitively impaired,and Alzheimer’s disease subjects:an exploratory study

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 324-332页

作者： Andrea c.Klaver Mary P.coffey david A.Bennett david A.Loeffler Department of Neurology Beaumont Research InstituteBeaumont HealthRoyal OakMIUSA Department of Biostatistics Beaumont Research InstituteBeaumont HealthRoyal OakMIUSA Rush Alzheimer’s Disease center ChicagoIL 60612USA

Background:Tau vaccination and administration of anti-tau antibodies can prevent pathology and cognitive impairment in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy,suggesting that therapies which increase anti-tau antibodies might slow the development and/or progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).The extent to which individuals with no cognitive impairment(NcI)possess serum anti-tau antibodies,and whether their concentrations of these antibodies differ from anti-tau antibody levels in persons with mild cognitive impairment(McI)or AD,are *** studies measuring these antibodies did not account for antibody polyvalent binding,which can be extensive,nor that antibody binding to phosphorylated tau peptides could be due to binding to non-phosphorylated epitopes on those ***:An ELISA controlling for these factors was used to measure the specific binding of serum IgG and IgM to phosphorylated(“pTau;”phosphorylated at Serine-199 and Serine-202)and non-phosphorylated(“non-pTau”)tau 196-207 in subjects with NcI,McI,or AD(n=10/group).Between-group differences in these antibody levels were evaluated for statistical significance,and correlations were examined in pooled data from all subjects between these antibody levels and subject age,global cognitive functioning,and NFT ***:Specific IgG binding to pTau and non-pTau was detected in all subjects except for one NcI *** IgM binding was detected to pTau in all subjects except for two AD patients,and to non-pTau in all *** pTau IgG was increased in McI subjects by 53% and 70% *** and NcI subjects respectively(both pwhile no significant differences were found between groups for non-pTau IgG(p=0.052),pTau IgM,or non-pTau ***-pTau IgG was negatively associated with global cognition(Spearman rho=−0.50).conclusions:Specific binding of serum IgG and IgM to phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated tau may be present in older persons regardless of their cognitive *** IgG

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Antibodies Elisa ELISA Mild cognitive impairment Phosphorylated tau

Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2448-2450页

作者： Hartmut Jaeschke c david williams Mitchell R McGill Anwar Farhood Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutics University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 United States Department of Pathology Brackenridge Hospital Austin TX 78701 United States

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. we would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

关键词： Acetaminophen Drug hepatotoxicity Herbal extracts N-acetylcysteine

Insights on the use of biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1932-1943页

作者： Michael K Zheng david Q Shih Gary c chen F.widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical Center comprehensive Digestive Institute of Nevada

Biologic therapy, such as those that target tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling, has proven to be an efficacious method of treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with regards to symptom management and mucosal healing. However, the rising prevalence of IBD worldwide and the everincreasing burden of biologic pharmaceuticals in the health care industry is alarming for insurance companies, clinicians, and patients. The impending patent expiry and the relatively high costs of biologics, particularly anti-TNF agents, have paved the way for biosimilar development for IBD. The United States Food and Drug Administration defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to its reference medicinal product, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. The hope with biosimilars is that their entry into the market will be able to drive competition between pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices like that of the generic market, and that access to appropriate biologic treatments for IBD patients is increased in the long-term. Yet, there are challenging issues such as indication extrapolation and interchangeability that are still being debated in the field of IBD and must be addressed in future issued guidance. This review will discuss the issues and implications concerning the use of biosimilar therapy for IBD.

关键词： Biosimilar Biologic Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis crohn’s disease Indication extrapolation Interchangeability

Investigation of the compressible Flow through the Tip-Section Turbine Blade cascade with Supersonic Inlet

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第2期25卷 138-144页

作者： Martin Luxa Jaromír Príhoda david Simurda Petr Straka Jaroslav Synác Institute of Thermomechanics AS cR v.v.i. Dolejskova 1402/5 18200 Prague Czech Republic Aerospace Research and Test Establishment Plc Beranovych 130 19905 Prague Czech Republic Doosan Skoda Power co. Ltd. Tylova 1/57 30128 Pilsen Czech Republic

The contribution deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of compressible flow through the tip-section turbine blade cascade with the blade 54″ long. Experimental investigations by means of optical(interferometry and schlieren method) and pneumatic measurements provide more information about the behaviour and nature of basic phenomena occurring in the profile cascade flow field. The numerical simulation was carried out by means of the EARSM turbulence model according to Hellsten [5] completed by the bypass transition model with the algebraic equation for the intermittency coefficient proposed by Straka and P?íhoda [6] and implemented into the in-house numerical code. The investigation was focused particularly on the effect of shock waves on the shear layer development including the laminar/turbulent transition. Interactions of shock waves with shear layers on both sides of the blade result usually in the transition in attached and/ or separated flow and so to the considerable impact to the flow structure and energy losses in the blade cascade.

关键词： long turbine rotor blade supersonic tip section optical methods transition modelling cFD

A Lookahead Read cache： Improving Read Performance for Deduplication Backup Storage

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 26-40页

作者： Dongchul Park Ziqi Fan Young Jin Nam david H. c. Du Department of computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 U.S.A.

Data deduplication （dedupe for short） is a special data compression technique. It has been widely adopted to save backup time as well as storage space, particularly in backup storage systems. Therefore, most dedupe research has primarily focused on improving dedupe write performance. However, backup storage dedupe read performance is also a crucial problem for storage recovery. This paper designs a new dedupe storage read cache for backup applications that improves read performance by exploiting a special characteristic： the read sequence is the same as the write sequence. consequently, for better cache utilization, by looking ahead for future references within a moving window, it evicts victims from the cache having the smallest future access. Moreover~ to further improve read cache performance. it maintains a small log buffer to judiciously cache future access data chunks. Extensive experiments with real-world backup workloads demonstrate that the proposed read cache scheme improves read performance by up to 64.3%

关键词： deduplication dedupe read cache backup

Depletion and dysfunction of Vy,2Vo2 T cells in HIV disease： mechanisms, impacts and therapeutic implications

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第1期10卷 42-49页

作者： Haishan Li Suchita chaudry Bhawna Poonia Yiming Shao c david Pauza Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease controland Prevention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） disrupts the balance among yT cell subsets, with increasing Vo1＋ cells and substantial depletion of circulating Vo2＋ cells. Depletion is an indirect effect of HIV in cD4-negative Vo2 cells, but is specific for phosphoantigen-responsive subpopulations identified by the Vy2-Jy1.2 （also called Vy9-JyP） T cell receptor rearrangement. The extent of cell loss and recovery is related closely to clinical status, with highest levels of functional V cells present in virus controllers （undetectable viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy）. we review the mechanisms and clinical consequences for V cell depletion in HIV disease. we address the question of whether HIV-mediated V cell depletion, despite being an indirect effect of infection, is an important part of the immune evasion strategy for this virus. The important roles for V cells, as effectors and immune regulators, identify key mechanisms affected by HIV and show the strong relationships between V62 cell loss and immunodeficiency disease. This field is moving toward immune therapies based on targeting V cells and we now have clear goals and expectations to Ruide interventional clinical trials.

关键词： HIV disease ST cells mechanisms impacts therapeutic implications