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Use of non-timber forest products from invasive alien Prosopis species(mesquite) and native trees in South Africa: implications for management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： Ross T Shackleton david c le maitre Brian W van Wilgen david M Richardson centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to many areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local communities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "mesquite") have, however, become naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. Management options are limited because of the complex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. Management policies and strategies must take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dimensions of uses and impacts before such information can be usefully applied. current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of mesquite in one province,but not in others where its control is mandatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-timber forest products(NTFPs) from mesquite and native trees in South ***: Semi-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain amounts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: The direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of mesquite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from native trees than from mesquite. Therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and mesquite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. Mesquite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and medicinal products). The use of both native trees and mesquite is decreasing as the incomes of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources become available. The benefits and reliance on mesquite are not as high as previously assumed and the impacts from mesquite invasions create large problems for local ***: This study provides further evidence that the impacts of mesquite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions conflicts of interests cost v

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comparison of two remote sensing models for estimating evapotranspiration: algorithm evaluation and application in seasonally arid ecosystems in South Africa

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第4期11卷 495-512页

作者： Sebinasi DZIKITI Nebo Z JOVANOVIc Richard DH BUGAN Abel RAMOELO Nobuhle P MAJOZI Alecia NIcKleSS Moses A cHO david c le maitre Zanele NTSHIDI Harrison H PIENAAR council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and Environment

Remote sensing tools are becoming increasingly important for providing spatial information on water use by different ecosystems. Despite significant advances in remote sensing based evapotranspiration(ET) models in recent years, important information gaps still exist on the accuracy of the models particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, we evaluated the Penman-Monteith based MOD16 and the modified Priestley-Taylor(PT-JPL) models at the daily time step against three measured ET datasets. We used data from two summer and one winter rainfall sites in South Africa. One site was dominated by native broad leaf and the other by fine leafed deciduous savanna tree species and c4 grasses. The third site was in the winter rainfall cape region and had shrubby fynbos vegetation. Actual ET was measured using open-path eddy covariance systems at the summer rainfall sites while a surface energy balance system utilizing the large aperture boundary layer scintillometer was used in the cape. Model performance varied between sites and between years with the worst estimates(R20.80 mm/d) observed during years with prolonged mid-summer dry spells in the summer rainfall areas. Sensitivity tests on MOD16 showed that the leaf area index, surface conductance and radiation budget parameters had the largest effect on simulated ET. MOD16 ET predictions were improved by:(1) reformulating the emissivity expressions in the net radiation equation;(2) incorporating representative surface conductance values;and(3) including a soil moisture stress function in the transpiration sub-model. Implementing these changes increased the accuracy of MOD16 daily ET predictions at all sites. However, similar adjustments to the PT-JPL model yielded minimal improvements. We conclude that the MOD16 ET model has the potential to accurately predict water use in arid environments provided soil water stress and accurate biome-specific parameters are incorporated.

关键词： MOD16 ET drought stress model validation Penman-Monteith Priestley-Taylor sensitivity analysis

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Impact of payment source, referral site, and place of residence on outcomes after allogeneic transplantation in Mexico

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 76-87页

作者： Andrés Gómez-De león Yesica A López-Mora Valeria García-Zárate Ana Varela-constantino Sergio U Villegas-De leon Xitlaly J González-leal Raúl del Toro-Mijares Anna c Rodríguez-Zúñiga Juan F Barrios-Ruiz Victor Mingura-ledezma Perla R colunga-Pedraza Olga G cantú-Rodríguez césar H Gutiérrez-Aguirre Luz Tarín-Arzaga Elías E González-López david Gómez-Almaguer Hematology Service Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr.JoséEleuterio GonzálezMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMexico Hemato-logy Service Clínica Gómez AlmaguerMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico Hematology Service Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyTec SaludEscuela de Medicina Ignacio SantosMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico

BAcKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health in allogeneic transplant recipients in low-and middle-income countries is poorly *** observational study analyzes the impact of place of residence,referring institution,and transplant cost coverage(out-of-pocket vs government-funded vs private insurance)on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alloHScT)in two of Mexico's largest public and private *** To evaluate the impact of social determinants of health and their relationship with outcomes among allogeneic transplant recipients in *** In this retrospective cohort study,we included adolescents and adults≥16 years who received a matched sibling or haploidentical transplant from *** were selected without regard to their diagnosis and were sourced from both a private clinic and a public University Hospital in *** payment groups were compared:Out-of-pocket(OOP),private insurance,and a federal Universal healthcare program“Seguro Popular”.Outcomes were compared between referred and institution-diagnosed patients,and between residents of Nuevo leon and *** outcomes included overall survival(OS),categorized by residence,referral,and payment *** outcomes encompassed early mortality,event-free-survival,graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival,and non-relapse-mortality(NRM).Statistical analyses employed appropriate tests,Kaplan-Meier method,and cox proportional hazard regression *** software included SPSS and R with tidycmprsk *** Our primary outcome was overall *** included 287 patients,n=164 who lived out of state(57.1%),and n=129 referred from another institution(44.9%).The most frequent payment source was OOP(n=139,48.4%),followed by private insurance(n=75,26.1%)and universal coverage(n=73,25.4%).No differences in OS,event-free-survival,NRM,or graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival were observed for patients dia

关键词： Hematopoietic cell transplant Social determinants of health Geography Haploidentical Out-of-pocket Financial toxicity Survival Health services and outcomes Hematopoietic malignancy Aplastic anemia

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Evolution of a Holocene banner bank controlled by morphodynamics and structural setting of a macrotidal coast: Saint-Brieuc Bay (NW-Europe)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 166-181页

作者： Kalil Traoréa david Menier Erwan Gensac Pascal le Roy clément Lambert Paul Bessin Kevin Pedoja Anne Duperret Romain le Gall Laboratoire Géoscience Océan UMR 6538CNRSUniversitéBretagne SudCampus de Tohannic56000 VannesFrance Laboratoire Géoscience Océan UMR 6538CNRSIUEMUniversitéBretagne Occidentale29280 PlouzanéFrance Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR 6112CNRSLe Mans UniversitéAvenue Olivier Messiaen72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9France Laboratoire Morphodynamique continentale et côtière UMR 6143CNRSUniversitéCaen Normandiecampus 12-4Rue des Tilleuls14000 Caen cedexFrance Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux complexes UMR 6294CNRSUniversitéLe Havre Normandie53 rue de PronyCS8054076058 Le Havre cedexFrance

The morphology and internal structure of the Horaine Bank(Bay of Saint-Brieuc,NW France)are described based on multibeam echosounder and high-resolution seismic datasets coupled with vibro-core *** Horaine Bank shows large-scale bedforms in the lee of a submerged rocky shoal,which allowed defining it as a Banner *** internal structure of the sandbank reveals four seismic units(U1-U4)on a cambrian basement(U0).The basal unit U1 is interpreted as reworked lowstand fluvial sediments those infilled micro incised valleys during a rise in sea *** unit is overlain by paleo-coastal barrier sand-spit(U2)whose development was controlled by swell in the context of a rapid rise in sea *** successive prograding unit(U3)is interpreted as flooding deposits in continuity with unit *** unit U4 is characterized by oblique reflectors oriented in two opposite *** last unit,dated post 3500 yr BP,corresponds to migrating dunes superimposed on the bank and observable in the high-resolution bathymetric *** strong correlation between tidal currents and the apparent clockwise migration of dune crests suggests the presence of a tidal gyre controlling the present-day dynamics of most of the Horaine bank *** study proposes a new model for the construction of banner banks characterized by the gradual transition of a sand spit to a banner bank during marine transgression and ensuing hydrodynamic variability.

关键词： Sand banks Banner bank Holocene climate Geomorphology Sea level rise Tidal gyre

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Genetic diversity of the hepatitis c virus: Impact and issues inthe antiviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第17期13卷 2416-2426页

作者： H le Guillou-Guillemette S Vallet c Gaudy-Graffin c Payan A Pivert A Goudeau F Lunel-Fabiani Laboratory of Virology University Hospital of Angers France and Laboratory HIFI UPRES EA 3859 University of Angers France Department of Microbiology EA 3882 CHU Morvan University Hospital of Brest France Université Francois Rabelais INSERM ERI 19 et CHRU de Tours Tours France

The hepatitis c Virus (HcV) presents a high degree of genetic variability which is explained by the combination of a lack of proof reading by the RNA dependant RNA polymerase and a high level of viral replication. The re- sulting genetic polymorphism defines a classification in clades, genotypes, subtypes, isolates and quasispecies. This diversity is known to reflect the range of responses to Interferon therapy. The genotype is one of the pre- dictive parameters currently used to define the antiviral treatment strategy and the chance of therapeutic suc- cess. Studies have also reported the potential impact of the viral genetic polymorphism in the outcome of antivi- ral therapy in patients infected by the same HcV geno- type. Both structural and non structural genomic regions of HcV have been suggested to be involved in the Inter- feron pathway and the resistance to antiviral therapy. In this review, we first detail the viral basis of HcV diversity. Then, the HcV genetic regions that may be implicated in resistance to therapy are described, with a focus on the structural region encoded by the E2 gene and the non- structural genes NS3, NS5A and NS5B. Both mechanisms of the Interferon resistance and of the new antiviral drugs are described in this review.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Genetic diversity Therapyresistance E2 NS3 NSSA NSSB

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Statins for primary cardiovascular prevention in the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2015年第4期12卷 431-438页

作者： Juan Pedro-Botet Elisenda climent Juan J chillarón Rocio Toro david Benaiges Juana A Flores-le Roux Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit Endocrinology department Hospital del Mar. Spain Department of Medicine School of Medicine. Cáldiz University Cádiz Spain

The elderly population is increasing worldwide, with subjects 〉 65 years of age constituting the fastest-growing age group. Furthermore, the elderly face the greatest risk and burden of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Although elderly patients, particularly those older 〉 75, have not been well represented in randomized clinical trials evaluating lipid-lowering therapy, the available evidence supporting the use of statin therapy in primary prevention in older individuals is derived mainly from subgroup analyses and post-hoc data. On the other hand, elderly patients often have multiple co-morbidities that require a high number of concurrent medications; this may increase the risk for drug-drug interactions, thereby reducing the potential benefits of statin therapy. The aim of this review was to present the relevant literature regarding statin use in the elderly for theft primary cardiovascular disease, with the associated risks and benefits of treatment.

关键词： cardiovascular disease Dyslipidaemia Elderly Primary prevention Statins

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基于网络药理学整合体内实验探究四物汤单味药组分治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的作用与机制

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中草药 2024年第5期55卷 1553-1566页

作者：汪乐李佳楠杨洋曲姣蓉李晓骄阳北京中医药大学生命科学学院北京100029 北京中医药大学中药学院北京100029

目的基于网络药理学整合体内实验对比四物汤中4种单味药(川芎chuanxiong Rhizoma、白芍Paeoniae Radix Alba、当归Angelicae Sinensis Radix、熟地黄Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata)治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤(cholestatic liver injury,cLI)的药效差异,并探讨各单味药的作用机制。方法利用TcMSP数据库获取川芎、白芍、当归、熟地黄的主要活性成分及作用靶点,通过Genecards数据库获取cLI靶点,使用cyctoscape 3.10.1软件分析并构建“单味药-活性成分-作用靶点”网络,借助在线网站获取各单味药与cLI之间的交集靶点,并绘制韦恩图。将靶点基因导入david数据库进行基因富集分析。构建胆总管结扎(bile duct ligation,BDL)动物模型,给予各单味药水提物后,检测血清肝功能相关生化指标,并对肝组织进行病理染色对比药效作用。同时结合qRT-PcR检测cLI相关靶点的基因表达。结果网络药理学结果显示,四物汤中川芎、白芍、当归、熟地黄与cLI之间均存在3个交集靶点[核受体亚家族3c组成员2(nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group c member 2,Nr3c2)、类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor alpha,Rxra)、前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2(prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,Ptgs2)]。通过体内验证实验表明白芍、川芎、当归、熟地黄水提物均可显著改善cLI以及相关的肝纤维化情况,且均能下调上述3个共同靶点表达(PcLI疗效优于当归、熟地黄提取物。结果还显示白芍与cLI有18个、川芎与cLI有4个与其他单味药不同的独立交集靶点,而当归、熟地黄与cLI之间不存在独立的交集靶点。进一步生信分析发现,白芍作用靶点基因富集于血管生成、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)信号通路;川芎作用靶点富集于血管内皮、血管生成、血管生成因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)通路。进一步验证结果显示白芍通过下调肝脏中血管细胞黏附分子(vascular cell adhesion molecule 1,Vcam1)、Tnf、有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase 8,Mapk8)、AKT丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,Akt1)表达改善cLI,川芎通过下调肝脏激酶插入结构域受体(kinase insert domain receptor,Kdr)、Mapk14表达改善cLI。结论四物汤中川芎、白芍、当归、熟地黄均能不同程度地改善胆汁淤积引起的肝损伤及纤维化,它们通过靶向Nr3c2、Rxra、Ptgs2共同改善cLI。白芍、川芎改善cLI疗效优于当归、熟地黄,前者可基于TNF信号通路而后者则是通过调控VEGF信号通路分别特异性改善cLI。

关键词：网络药理学四物汤白芍川芎当归熟地黄胆汁淤积性肝损伤肝纤维化肿瘤坏死因子通路血管生成因子通路氧化芍药苷洋川芎内酯A 阿魏酸 5-羟甲基糠醛

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Diuretic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of leaves of cassia occidentalis(Linn.) in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 673-681页

作者： Théophile Dimo Fidèle Ntchapda Joseph Barama david Romain Kemeta Azambou Paul Faustin Seke Etet Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Department of Basic Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University

Objective: To assess the putative diuretic and antioxidant properties of cassia occidentalis(c. occidentalis) leaves' aqueous extract. Methods: Adult rats were administered with c. occidentalis leaves aqueous extract acutely(24-h) and subchronically(7 d), at doses 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg/kg(per os). Negative control group received only an equivalent volume of distilled water, while the two positive control groups received the diuretic drugs furosemide(20 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrochlorothiazide(HcTZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Urinary elimination of electrolytes in response to treatments was evaluated, together with changes in concentrations of creatinine, urea, aldosterone, glucose, and albumin in urine and plasma. Various urinary indicators of kidney function and plasmatic markers of oxidative stress were also assessed. Results: The acute administration of c. occidentalis increased the urinary excretion of 107.58% at the higher dose tested, compared to negative control. The reference drugs furosemide and HcTZ induced increases of 84.27 % and 48.05 %, respectively. Acutely, the extract induced Na+ and cl- elimination, whereas subchronically an increase in K+ elimination was also observed. The extract also improved the kidney function indexes and oxidative stress markers. These effects were dose-dependent and comparable with positive control observations. conclusions: Our i ndings strongly suggest that c. occidentalis aqueous extract has diuretic and antioxidant activities, and deserves further studies considering the potential for the treatment of hypertension.

关键词： cassia occidentalis Diuretic Antioxidant Urine kidney function Electrolytes

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Intraocular complications of IFN-α and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis c

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第22期13卷 3137-3140页

作者： Damien Sène Valérie Touitou Bahram Bodaghi david Saadoun Gabriel Perlemuter Nathalie cassoux Jean-charles Piette Phuc le Hoang Patrice cacoub Department of Internal Medicine Hpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France Department of Ophtalmology Hpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France Department of Hepatogastroenterology Hpital Antoine Béclère Clamart. France

We report a panel of severe inflammatory and vascular intraocular disorders occurring during interferon-alpha （IFN-α） treatment in eight hepatitis c virus （HcV）- infected patients. These events include three cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada like （VKH） disease （an association of panuveitis, retinal detachment, ear and meningeal detachment and skin and hair changes）, two cases of central retinal vein occlusion, one case of central retinal artery occlusion, one case of severe hypertensive retinopathy and one case of bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy with severe visual impairment. Rare as they are, such severe ophthalmological complications require a close follow-up of HcV-infected patients under IFN-α breabnent with ophthalmological monitoring if any ocular manifestation occurs.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Interferon-alpha Intra-ocular complications central retinal vein occlusion central retinal artery occlusion Acute anterior ischemicoptic neuritis Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada like disease

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STREET cHIc

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服装设计师 2012年第9期 212-213页

作者： Serge carreira maitre de conferences & SciencesPo

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