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In vitro and in vivo characterization of erythrosin B and derivatives against Zika virus

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第4期12卷 1662-1670页

作者： Zhong Li Jimin Xu Yuekun Lang Xiangmeng Wu Saiyang Hu Subodh Kumar Samrat Anil M.Tharappel Lili Kuo david butler Yongcheng Song Qing-Yu Zhang Jia Zhou Hongmin Li Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of PharmacyTucsonAZ 85721-0207USA Wadsworth Center New York State Department of HealthAlbanyNY 12208USA Chemical Biology Program Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA The Neural Stem Cell Institute RensselaerNY 12144USA Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

Zika virus(ZIKV)causes significant human diseases without specific therapy.Previously we found erythrosin B,an FDA-approved food additive,inhibited viral NS2B−NS3 interactions,leading to inhibition of ZIKV infection in cell culture.In this study,we performed pharmacokinetic and in vivo studies to demonstrate the efficacy of erythrosin B against ZIKV in 3D mini-brain organoid and mouse models.Our results showed that erythrosin B is very effective in abolishing ZIKV replication in the 3D organoid model.Although pharmacokinetics studies indicated that erythrosin B had a low absorption profile,mice challenged by a lethal dose of ZIKV showed a significantly improved survival rate upon oral administration of erythrosin B,compared to vehicle control.Limited structure−activity relationship studies indicated that most analogs of erythrosin B with modifications on the xanthene ring led to loss or reduction of inhibitory activities towards viral NS2B−NS3 interactions,protease activity and antiviral efficacy.In contrast,introducing chlorine substitutions on the isobenzofuran ring led to slightly increased activities,suggesting that the isobenzofuran ring is well tolerated for modifications.Cytotoxicity studies indicated that all derivatives are nontoxic to human cells.Overall,our studies demonstrated erythrosin B is an effective antiviral against ZIKV both in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： Flavivirus Zika virus Dengue virus Antiviral Protease inhibitor Erythrosin B

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对英国住宅区域几种新型雨水收集利用系统的初步可持续性评估(英文)

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2014年第2期30卷 135-142页

作者： Peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah Ward david butler Centre for Water Systems University of Exeter

由于缺乏对住宅雨水收集利用(RWH)系统类型的创新,在英国日常生活中的雨水收集利用还不是很广泛.介绍了一系列传统和新型的住宅RWH系统的初步研究结果,并对这些RWH系统进行了研究,研究方法包括:专利申请搜索、对行业专家的非正式访问、... 详细信息

由于缺乏对住宅雨水收集利用(RWH)系统类型的创新,在英国日常生活中的雨水收集利用还不是很广泛.介绍了一系列传统和新型的住宅RWH系统的初步研究结果,并对这些RWH系统进行了研究,研究方法包括:专利申请搜索、对行业专家的非正式访问、成本效益分析和简单的多准则分析法(MCA).然后基于社会优先、经济优先和环境优先的标准,研究了这些系统的可持续性.其中,对2种新型的RWH系统进行了更为详细的分析,并与传统的RWH系统进行对比.多准则分析法结果表明,创新型系统在更少的资金消耗下,可持续性绩效要高于传统系统.进一步的研究重点在于模拟这些被鉴定的系统来产生经验性数据库,并应用于WLC/LACs,寻找设备安装中可能出现的挑战和问题.

关键词：创新多准则分析法雨水收集利用住宅区可持续性节水效率

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Vegetation change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Callie B.LAMBERT Lynn M・RESLER Yang SHAO david R.butler Department of Geography Virginia Tech220 Stanger StreetBlacksburgVA24061USA Texas State University Department of GeographySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Glacier recession is a globally occurring trend. Although a rich body of work has documented glacial response to climate warming, few studies have assessed vegetation cover change in recently deglaciated areas, especially using geospatial technologies. Here, vegetation change at two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.was quantified through remote sensing analysis,fieldwork validation, and statistical modeling.Specifically, we assessed the spatial and temporal patterns of landcover change at the two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park and determined the role of selected biophysical terrain factors(elevation, slope, aspect, solar radiation, flow accumulation, topographic wetness index, and surficial geology) on vegetation change(from nonvegetated to vegetated cover) at the deglaciated areas.Landsat imagery of the study locations in 1991, 2003,and 2015 were classified and validated using visual interpretation. Model results revealed geographic differences in biophysical correlates of vegetation change between the study areas, suggesting that terrain variation is a key factor affecting spatialtemporal patterns of vegetation change. At Jackson Glacier forefront, increases in vegetation over some portion or all of the study period were negatively associated with elevation, slope angle, and consolidated bedrock. At Grinnell Glacier forefront,increases in vegetation associated negatively with elevation and positively with solar radiation.Integrated geospatial and field approaches to the study of vegetation change in recently deglaciated terrain are recommended to understand and monitor processes and patterns of ongoing habitat change in rapidly changing mountain environments.

关键词： Land cover change Physical geography Glacial forefronts Vegetation change Glacier National Park Terrain factors

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： david J.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Exercise immunology:Novel insights

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 277-279,I0001页

作者： david C.Nieman Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic heightened worldwide attention on the influence of exercise on the immune system.Questions were raised about whether regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)could help prevent COVID-19 or mitigate symptoms when ill.Could MVPA bolster immunity among those most prone to COVID-19 including the elderly,obese,and immunocompromised patients?Does regular MVPA dampen systemic inflammation,thereby lessening the COVID-19 cytokine storm?

关键词： immunity inflammation thereby

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Spider odors induce stoichiometric changes in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 127-129页

作者： Ronalds KRAMS Tatjana KRAMA Maris MUNKEVICS Sarah EICHLER david M.butler Linda DOBKEVICA Priit JOERS Jorge CONTRERAS-GARDUNO Janina DAUKSTE Indrikis A.KRAMS Plant Health Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu 51006Estonia Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuTartu 51010Estonia Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of LatviaRiga 1004Latvia Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityOhioSalem 4460USA Department of Plant Sciences University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996-4561USA Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of LatviaRiga 1004Latvia Department of General and Microbial Biochemistry University of TartuTartu 51010Estonia Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment BIORRiga 1076Latvia Department of Psychology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996-4561USA

Animal senses and signals are amazingly diverse,and the major modalities by which animals acquire sensory input from their environments are sound,light,vibration,and chemical signals.Insects mainly rely on visual,nociceptive,and olfactory cues to discriminate between rewards and risks.It has been shown that the visual and olfactory cues of predators substantially affect the adult phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster(Krams et al.2016),a prominent animal model for biological research.

关键词： melanogaster cues Drosophila

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One-dimensional monotone nonautonomous dynamical systems

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 281-314页

作者： david Cheban Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied MathematicsMoldova State UniversityChisinau 2009Moldova

This work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of one-dimensional monotone nonautonomous(cocycle) dynamical systems. A description of the structures of their invariant sets, omega limit sets,Bohr/Levitan almost periodic and almost automorphic motions, global attractors, and pinched and minimalsets is given. An application of our general results is given to scalar differential and difference equations.

关键词： one-dimensional dynamics pinched and minimal sets global attractors monotone nonautonomous cocycle almost periodic solutions scalar differential/difference equations

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Kerogen Kinetic Distributions and Simulations Provide Insights into Petroleum Transformation Fraction (TF) Profiles of Organic-Rich Shales

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： david A.Wood DWA Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·min-1.The activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and kerogens.The characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A trend.Important similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two datasets.The similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best fits.The differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions simulated.The results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A values.In contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale formations.TF profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.

关键词： transformation fraction profiles simulated S2 pyrograms multiple heating rates kerogen/shale kinetics S2 pyrogram fitting techniques kerogen petroleum research.

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Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés david Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez david Sánchez-Fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable environments.However,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such gradients.We explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental vs.coastal population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)population.In the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid one.Our results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic insects.Overlooking such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

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