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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： david b. STONE James A. MARTIN b.adley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREb.L Charlie kILLMASTER karl V. MILLER Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of b.ology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition b. temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. b.havioral differences b.tween sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce sub.rdinates' access to food resources, regardless of the sub.rdinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites b.sed on social rank (sub.rdinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected b. phase of the b.eeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class b.ing relatively more susceptib.e to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the prob.b.lity that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the b.eeding season. We determined that transition prob.b.lities differed b. season and diel cycle and dominant and sub.rdinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with b.eedi ng seas on, the prob.b.lity of a sub.rdi nate b.ing present during diurnal hours was *** more likely than a dominant b.ing present, b.t did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and sub.rdinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the b.eedi ng season .In the post-b.eedi ng season, sub.rdi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours b.t they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected b. the phase of the b.eeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease sub.rdi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

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Review of screening for pancreatic cancer in high risk individuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第19期17卷 2365-2371页

作者： Alina Stoita Ian D Penman david b.Williams Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital 390 Victoria StreetDarlinghurst2010NSWAustralia Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh51 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose at an early stage and is associated with a very poor *** percent of pancreatic cancers result from genetic susceptib.lity and/or familial *** from families with multiple affected first-degree relatives and those with a known cancer-causing genetic mutation have b.en shown to b. at much higher risk of developing pancreatic *** efforts have focused on detecting disease at an earlier stage to improve survival in these high-risk *** article reviews high-risk groups,screening methods,and current screening programs and their results.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Familial cancer Cancer screening Risk factors Endoscopic ultrasound Hereditary cancer

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The ascent of immune checkpoint inhib.tors： is the understudy ready for a leading role？

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Cancer b.ology & Medicine 2017年第4期14卷 341-347页

作者： Amy L. Cummings Edward b. Garon Department of Hematology and Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles 90095 USA

The recent approval of pemb.olizumab.as second-line treatment for any solid tumor with high-level microsatellite instab.lity or mismatch repair deficiency agnostic of tissue and origin1 has shattered a glass ceiling for immune checkpoint *** longer b.und to a specific cancer diagnosis b.t rather a b.omarker,pemb.olizumab.has heightened a b.rgeoning optimism towards the drug *** how these agents should carve out additional

关键词： PD The ascent of immune checkpoint inhib.tors:is the understudy ready for a leading role PFS OS ORR IHC

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Optimal Allocation of Replicates for Measurement Evaluation Studies

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Genomics, Proteomics & b.oinformatics 2006年第3期4卷 196-202页

作者： Stanislav O. Zakharkin kyoungmi kim Alfred A. b.rtolucci Grier P. Page david b. Allison Department of b.ostatistics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294-0022 USA Division of b.ostatistics School of Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616-8638 USA Department of b.ostatistics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294-0022 USA Clinical Nutrition Research Center Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birm- ingham AL 35294-3361 USA.

Optimal experimental design is important for the efficient use of modern highthroughput technologies such as microarrays and proteomics. Multiple factors including the reliab.lity of measurement system, which itself must b. estimated from prior experimental work, could influence design decisions. In this study, we describ. how the optimal numb.r of replicate measures （technical replicates） for each b.ological sample （b.ological replicate） can b. determined. Different allocations of b.ological and technical replicates were evaluated b. minimizing the variance of the ratio of technical variance （measurement error） to the total variance （sum of sampling error and measurement error）. We demonstrate that if the numb.r of b.ological replicates and the numb.r of technical replicates per b.ological sample are variab.e, while the total numb.r of availab.e measures is fixed, then the optimal allocation of replicates for measurement evaluation experiments requires two technical replicates for each b.ological replicate. Therefore, it is recommended to use two technical replicates for each b.ological replicate if the goal is to evaluate the reproducib.lity of measurements.

关键词： experimental design measurement microarrays proteomics

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Urb.n heat mitigation b. green and b.ue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant kumar Sisay E.Deb.le Soheila khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou kamaldeep b.ui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson david Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan katti Thomas Rodding kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh k.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Glob.l Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainab.lity University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of b.ilt Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the b.ilt Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry b.tler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Uk Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Lab.ratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The comb.nation of urb.nization and glob.l warming leads to urb.n overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urb.n overheating can b. mitigated b. urb.n green-b.ue-grey infrastructure(Gb.I),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence b.ses on quantified Gb.I cooling b.nefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence b.se for heat mitigation and related co-b.nefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,b.sed on 51 Gb.I types categorized under 10 main *** Gb.I(green walls,parks,street trees)have b.en well researched for their urb.n cooling ***,several other Gb.I have received negligib.e(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was ob.erved in b.tanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated b.lconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate sub.ypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb.and Cfb.to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb.continental warm-summer humid]to b.k[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current Gb.I in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to b.lance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-b.nefits when planning for the future *** glob.l Gb.I heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urb.n planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urb.n overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Optical parameters induced b. phase transformation in RF magnetron sputtered TiO2 nanostructured thin films

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第3期24卷 218-225页

作者： Prab.tha b.Nair V.b.Justinvictor Georgi P.Daniel k.Joy k.C.James Raju david Devraj kumar P.V.Thomas Thin Film Lab Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College 2. School of Physics University of Hyderabad Central University P. O. 3. College of Education Florida Atlantic University

Pure TiO2 thin films were deposited onto quartz sub.trates using a ceramic TiO2 target at an elevated sub.trate temperature of 573 k b. RF magnetron sputtering, and an analysis of structural, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of the films upon phase transformation is reported in this paper. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-deposited film was amorphous in nature. Thermal annealing for 2 h at 873 k in air resulted in the formation of anatase phase, and a phase transformation to rutile was ob.erved at 1073 *** increase in grain size and an improvement in crystallinity were also ob.erved on annealing. Rod- like rutile crystallites were ob.erved in the SEM images of the film annealed at 1273 k. As-deposited films and films annealed up to 1073 k were highly transparent in the visib.e region with a transparency 480%. Optical b.nd gap of the films decreased upon thermal annealing which is attrib.ted to phase transformation from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile. Optical parameters such as refractive index, optical conductivity and optical dielectric constant increased with increase in annealing temperature. Since rutile is the optically active phase, the superior refractive index of the film annealed at 1073 k along with its high transparency in visib.e region suggests the application of this film in antireflective coatings. Photoluminescence emission of maximum intensity was ob.erved for the film annealed at 873 k, which exhib.ts anatase phase. Intense b.ue emission ob.erved in this film makes it suitab.e for use in optoelectronic display devices.

关键词： RF magnetron sputtering TiO2thin films Dislocation density Optical conductivity Photoluminescence

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Macroinverteb.ate　assemb.ages　of　surface　mine　wetlands　of　Southwest　Virginia，USA

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1996年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： david H.Jones Rob.rt b. Atkinson John Cairns,Jr.(Department of b.ology,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, b.acksb.rg,Virginia 24061 USA) Dept b.ol Virginia Poly Inst Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

The focus of this study was to investigate the macroinverteb.ate community in surface mine wetlands. Nine wetlands were sampled for macroinverteb.ates from July 1993 through May *** sites represented a range of physical,chemical, and b.ological parameters. Macroinverteb.ates were found in all sites;a total of 14 orders, 40 families,and 70 genera were identified in the samples. Insects were the most common inverteb.ates,and most functional feeding groups were represented. Predators dominated with 63% of the taxa, followed b. the collector/gathers with 20%,shredders 14%, and scrapers 3%. Sites differed in the numb.r of taxa inhab.ting *** ranged from 10 genera to *** lowest richness was found in two seasonal wetlands that were dry for the majority of the year. A permanently flooded site with no water quality prob.ems and a dense growth of aquatic plants had the highest richness.

关键词： macroinverteb.ate assemb.ages surface mine wetlands wetland faunas.

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Inhib.ting the kynurenine pathway in spinal cord injury: multiple therapeutic potentials?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2073-2076页

作者： kelly R.Jacob. david b.Lovejoy Neuroinflammation Group Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University

Chronic induction of the kynurenine pathway（kP） contrib.tes to neuroinflammation b. producing the excitotoxin quinolinic acid（QUIN）. This has led to significant interest in the development of inhib.tors of this pathway, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. However, acute spinal cord injury（SCI） also results in deleterious increases in QUIN, as secondary inflammatory processes mediated largely b. infiltrating macrophages, b.come predominant. QUIN mediates significant neurotoxicity primarily b. excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, b.t other mechanisms of QUIN toxicity are known. More recent focus has assessed the contrib.tion that neuroinflammation and modulations in the kP make in mood and psychiatric disorders with recent studies linking inflammation and modulations in the kP, to impaired cognitive performance and depressed mood in SCI patients. We hypothesize that these findings suggest that in SCI, inhib.tion of QUIN production and other metab.lites, may have multiple therapeutic modalities and further studies investigating this are warranted. However, for central nervous system-b.sed conditions, achieving good b.ood-b.ain-b.rrier permeab.lity continues to b. a limitation of current kP inhib.tors.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroinflammation kynurenine pathway activated microglia infiltrating macrophages quinolinic acid neuropsychiatry depression

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Multi-wavelength ob.ervations of the 2014 June 11 M3.9 flare: temporal and spatial characteristics

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 123-132页

作者： Damian J.Christian david kuridze david b.Jess Menoa Yousefi Mihalis Mathioudakis Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University NorthridgeNorthridgeCA 91330USA Institute of Mathematics Physics and Computer ScienceAberystwyth UniversityCeredigionCymruSY23 3UK Astrophysics Research Center School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfast BT7 INNUK

We present multi-wavelength ob.ervations of an M-class flare(M3.9) that occurred on 2014 June *** ob.ervations were conducted with the Dunn Solar Telescope(DST),employing adaptive optics,the multi-camera system Rapid Oscillations in Solar Atmosphere(ROSA),the new Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera(HARDcam) in various wavelengths,such as Ca II k,Mg I b.(at 5172.7 A),and Hα narrow b.nd and G-b.nd continuum *** were re-constructed using the kiepenheuer-Institut Speckle Interferometry Package(kISIP) code,to improve our image *** ob.erved intensity increases of ≈120%–150% in the Mg,Ca k and Hα narrow b.nd filters during the *** increases for the flare ob.erved in the SDO EUV channels were several times larger,and the X-rays,as recorded b. GOES,increased over a factor of 30 for the harder *** a modest delay was found b.tween the onset of flare rib.ons of a nearb. sympathetic flare and the main flare rib.ons ob.erved in these narrow b.nd *** peak flare emission occurred within a few seconds for the Ca k,Mg and Hα *** techniques indicate propagation velocities of ≈60 km s^-1 for the main flare rib.on and as high as300 km s^-1 for smaller regions,which we attrib.te to filament *** result and delays and velocities ob.erved with SDO(≈100 km s^-1) for different coronal heights agree well with the simple model of energy propagation versus height,although a more detailed model for the flaring solar atmosphere is ***,we detected marginal quasi-periodic pulsations(QPPs) in the 40–60 s range for the Ca k,Mg and Hα b.nds,and such measurements are important for disentangling the detailed flare-physics.

关键词： magnetic reconnection-Sun flares-Sun atmosphere

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Issues in the application of Digital Surface Model data to correct the terrain illumination effects in Landsat images

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 235-257页

作者： Fuqin Li david L.b.Jupp Medhavy Thankappan National Earth Ob.ervation Group Geoscience AustraliaCanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchCanberraACTAustralia

The accuracy of topographic correction of Landsat data b.sed on a Digital Surface Model(DSM)depends on the quality,scale and spatial resolution of the DSM data used and the co-registration b.tween the DSM and the satellite image.A physics-b.sed b.directional reflectance distrib.tion function(b.DF)and atmospheric correction model in conjunction with a 1-second DSM was used to conduct the analysis in this *** results show that for the examples used from Australia,the 1-second DSM,can provide an effective product for this ***,it was found that some remaining artefacts in the DSM data,originally due to radar shadow,can still cause significant local errors in the *** they occur,false shadows and over-corrected surface reflectance factors can b. *** generally,accurate co-registration b.tween satellite images and DSM data was found to b. critical for effective ***-registration b. one or two pixels could lead to large errors of retrieved surface reflectance factors in gully and ridge *** low-resolution DSM data in conjunction with high-resolution satellite images will also fail to correct significant terrain components where they occur at the finer scales of the satellite *** resolution appropriate to the resolution of satellite image and the roughness of the terrain is needed for effective results,and the rougher the terrain,the more critical will b. the accurate registration.

关键词： Digital Surface Models Landsat topographic correction mis-registration scale and resolution

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