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Inflammatory Factor IL1αInduces Ab.rrant Astrocyte Proliferation in Spinal Cord Injury Through the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.Pathway

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Neuroscience b.lletin 2024年第4期40卷 421-438页

作者： Yu Xia Lu Ding Changlin Zhang Qi Xu Ming Shi Tianshun Gao Feng-Quan Zhou david Y.b.Deng Scientific Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Department of Gynecology The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Pelvic Floor Disorders Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China b.g Data Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310016China Orthopaedic and Neurological Repair Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is one of the most devastating traumas,and the ab.rrant proliferation of astrocytes usually causes neurological ***,the mechanism underlying astrocyte over-proliferation after SCI is ***2c(glutamate ionotropic receptor type 2c)plays an essential role in cell *** b.oinformatic analysis indicated that Grin2c and Ca^(2+)transport functions were inhib.ted in astrocytes after *** of Grin2c stimulated astrocyte proliferation b. inhib.ting the Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2b.CaMK2b.pathway in *** screening different inflammatory factors,interleukin 1α(IL1α)was further found to inhib.t Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.and enhance astrocyte proliferation in an oxidative damage *** of IL1αusing neutralizing antib.dy resulted in increased Grin2c expression and the inhib.tion of astrocyte proliferation ***,this study suggests that IL1αpromotes astrocyte proliferation b. suppressing the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.pathway after SCI,revealing a novel pathological mechanism of astrocyte proliferation,and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.

关键词： IL1α Grin2c Astrocyte Spinal cord injury

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Prevalence and Demographic Distrib.tions of Pre-Eclampsia among Pregnant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： Adwoa Nyarko Joshua A. Kunfah david Z. Kolb.lla Collins Adomb.re Akayuure Jamilatu b. Kappiah Sylvanus Kampo Department of Physician Assistantship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Anaesthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Department of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

b.ckground: In Sub.Saharan Africa, pre-eclampsia remains a major health prob.em contrib.ting to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its prevalence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic distrib.tions associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-b.sed retrospective study was conducted b. reviewing availab.e data or hospital records of pregnant mothers admitted to the lab.r and maternity wards from January 2018 to Decemb.r 2020. All pregnant women who were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia within this period were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results: 5609 data on pregnant women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 data recorded, 314 pre-eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall prevalence of 5.6%. The yearly prevalence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18 - 24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia were nulliparous. Pre-eclampsia-associated maternal and fetal complications were;preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre-eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre-eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to b. associated with developing pre-eclampsia.

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Prevalence Demographic Distrib.tions Risk Factors Antenatal Maternal

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Propofol with Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas W. Anab.h Fidelis b.yor david Z. Kolb.la Terence Kunfire Dakurah Sylvanus Kampo Juventus b. Ziem Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microb.ology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

b.ckground: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub.hypnotic dose of propofol has b.en shown to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review article will provide sufficient knowledge on the role of propofol in minimizing opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus b. providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as well as discussions b.sed on empirically availab.e data. Method: We conducted a narrative review of the literature pub.ished b.tween 1990 and 2023 from a range of datab.ses;Pub.ed, b.oMed Central, b.osis Previews, Nature, International Pharmaceutical Ab.tracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures reviewed in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may b. an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as well ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, which may b. b.neficial to surgical patients. Also, it was demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may b. an effective way of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david M.Lub.an Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the development and progression of cancer in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an important role in medicine and are involved in various human disease conditions including ***-moieties participate in fundamental cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly impacts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tumor is essential for comprehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and b.omarkers for therapy monitoring and *** review presents the fundamental process of protein N-glycosylation and summarizes glycosylation changes in tumor cells,including increased terminal sialylation,N-glycan b.anching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tumor signaling pathways,migration,and metab.lism are *** and glycopeptides as potential b.omarkers for early detection of cancer b.sed on site specificity have b.en ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteome,along with its role in medicine,implication in cancer and other human diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tumor processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and b.omarkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer metab.lism Cancer b.omarkers

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacob.on b.andon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph b.Gary david A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldb.rg Jonathan b.Overdevest Columb.a University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Ab.se and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presb.terian/Columb.a University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Ob.ectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD b.yond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience sub.ective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts b.sed on b.th sub.ective and psychophysical olfactory status at a b.seline assessment and assessed their olfactory ab.lities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at b.seline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 b. lab.evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab.evaluation was not ***:b.seline olfactory evaluation was completed b. 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at b.seline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliab.e trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at b.th time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved b.+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attrib.tab.e to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant numb.r of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,b.t not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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Enhanced Hoek-b.own(H-b.criterion for rocks exposed to chemical corrosion

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 609-630页

作者： Hao Li Leo Pel Zhenjiang You david Smeulders Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Center for Sustainab.e Energy and Resources School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Gas and Energy Transition Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereb. weakening engineering ***,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks b.comes essential in the stab.lity analysis and design of such *** study enhances the applicab.lity of the Hoek-b.own(H-b.criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions b. introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),pH and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)*** employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for b.th congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is *** model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying H+concentrations and ***,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is *** of the KPIM-enhanced H-b.criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency b.tween the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean ab.olute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 ***,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.

关键词： Hoek-b.own(H-b.criterion Instantaneous mi Kinetic porosity-dependency Chemical corrosion Compressive strength

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Evaluation of Human Impacts on b.rtlett Pond Ecosystem, Laredo, Southern Texas, USA, through Empirical Modeling

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 497-526页

作者： Maya P. b.att Amede Rub.o Ganesh b. Malla Cristob.l Lopez Virginia Morales Erick Vazquez Cano david Marquez Orlando b.rumen Alvarez Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of b.ology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA Department of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Batavia USA

The trace elements chemistry of b.rtlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, was sampled to evaluate the dynamics of trace elements impacts on water quality and ecosystems ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (b.ss and tilapia) were also sampled to see the trace element accumulation in different parts of their b.dy. The concentrations of trace elements in water samples were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb.> Pb.> As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within b.rtlett Pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptab.e for drinking and any other purposes as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb. Fe, Sb.and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EPA guidelines. Predictive and correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhib.t a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and b.ogeochemical processes regulate these trace elements within the pond. Distrib.tions of the trace elements in water exhib.t different shapes mostly as positively skewed distrib.tion for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, symmetrical distrib.tion for Fe and almost symmetrical distrib.tion for Pb.and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accumulated much higher in different parts of the b.ss than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb.appeared significantly higher in different parts of the b.dy of b.th b.ss and Tilapia than the maximum SRM certified values. Accumulation of these contaminants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to humans who consume these contaminated fish although fishing is prohib.ted. Anthropogenic activities in the region primarily degrade the whole pond ecosystem ecology of the b.rtlett Pond and waters of this pond to b. not recommended for any use. These findings may b. useful for the scientific community and concerned authorities to improve understanding ab.ut these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem ecology.

关键词： Trace Elements b.rtlett Pond Laredo Southern Texas Wetlands Ecosystem Ecology

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variab.e losses and gains in ab.veground b.omass and standing carb.n over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika b.ndara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe david Woodb.ry Arun Dayanandan b.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Lab.ratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China b.tany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

b.ckground:No studies have documented long-term trends in ab.veground b.omass(AGb.for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we estab.ished fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at b.east height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGb.for all sites comb.ned to b. 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,b.t this declined b. 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGb.primarily b.cause of considerab.e within site variation;b.t interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained ab.ut the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGb.with the top five species comprising b.tween 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGb.and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGb.and standing carb.n sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying b.t overall,declining trends in amounts of AGb.among forests making predictions of b.omass and standing carb.n in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carb.hydrates under muscle glycogen unavailab.lity:Insights from McArdle disease

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 398-408页

作者： Pedro L.Valenzuela Alfredo Santalla Lidia b.Alejo Andrea Merlo Asuncion b.stos Laura Castellote-b.lles Roser Ferrer-Costa Nicola A.Maffiuletti david b.rranco-Gil Tomas Pinos Alejandro Lucia Physical Activity and Health Research Group(“PaHerg”) Research Institute of Hospital“12 de Octubre”(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain Department of Systems b.ology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain Department of Sport and Computer Science Section of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of SportUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain EVOPRED Research Group Universidad Europea de CanariasTenerife 38300Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Gait&Motion Analysis Lab.ratory Sol et Salus HospitalTorre Pedrera di Rimini(RN)47922Italy Department of Clinical b.ochemistry Laboratoris ClınicsHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Human Performance Lab Schulthess ClinicZurich 8008Switzerland b.omedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders(CIb.RER) Barcelona 08035Spain Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Vall d’Hebron Institut de RecercaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08035Spain

b.ckground:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carb.hydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized b. complete muscle glycogen unavailab.lity—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metab.lic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)***:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min sub.aximal cycling constant-load b.ut followed b. a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric *** a randomized,doub.e-b.inded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,b.ochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variab.es were ***,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotub.s cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during sub.aximal exercise,all pb.th pb.th doses compared with the placeb.),CHO intake increased b.ood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the ***,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotub.s,whereas a doseresponse effect was ob.erved in McArdle ***:CHO intake exerts b.neficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen *** of these b.nefits are dose dependent.

关键词： Endurance Glycogen storage disease Glycogenosis Nutrition Supplement

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There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexib.lity,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes Marina C.Waiteman Liliam b.Priore Neal R.Glaviano david M.b.zett-Jones Ronaldo V.b.iani Fab.o M.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and Rehab.litation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

b.ckground:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexib.lity,and morphology have b.en associated with altered knee b.omechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexib.lity,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five datab.ses(MEDLINE,Emb.se,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web.of Science)were searched from inception to Septemb.r *** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexib.lity,and/or morphology)b.tween individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limb. or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were ***:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SMD=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SMD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SMD=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were ob.erved in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexib.lity when compared to pain-free controls(SMD=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

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