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Radiographical evaluation of ulcerative colitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 169-177页

作者： Parakkal Deepak david h.Bruining Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester MNUSA

Radiographical modalities have become important diagnostic tools in cases of ulcerative colitis(UC).Imaging can be used non-invasively to determine the extent of involvement,severity of disease and to detect disease-related complications and extra-intestinal inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)*** abdominal X-rays and barium enemas still retain their relevance in specific clinical settings,the use of computed tomography enterography(CTE)or magnetic resonance enterography(MRE)are now used as first-line investigations to exclude active small bowel disease in IBD patients and can be utilized to detect active colonic ***,CT colonography and MR colonography are emerging techniques with potential applications in ***,leukocyte scintigraphy and positron emission tomography are novel abdominal imaging modalities currently being explored for IBD *** plethora of radiological imaging options has become a vital component of UC assessments.

关键词： ulcerative colitis inflammatory bowel disease radiographical evaluation

Attenuating innate immunity and facilitating β-coronavirus infection by NSP1 of SARS-CoV-2 through specific redistributing hnRNP A2/B1 cellular localization

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第11期6卷 3174-3176页

作者： Fanghang Zhou Qianya Wan Sheng Chen ying Chen pui-hui Wang Xi yao Ming-liang he Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina Advanced Medical Research Institute Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University250012JinanShandongChina CityU Shenzhen Research Institute NanshanShenzhenChina

Dear Editor,Evidence shows the NSP1’s crucial roles of theβ-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in promoting cellular mRNA degradation,inhibiting host cell translation,innate immunity,and inducing inflammatory cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.1,2 More interestingly,NSP1 deletion in infectious clones prevents virus infection.3 however,little is known how NSP1 interacts with host factors to disrupt the host’s innate immunity for facilitating virus infection and *** a(+)ssRNA virus,SARS-CoV-2 completes its life cycle in the cytosol;viral RNA processing is the key for controlling and regulating the virus reproduction and *** ribonucleoproteins hnRNPs are the main factors responsible for RNA processing,including RNA splicing,maturation,decay,and translation,and even innate immunity in some cases.

关键词： NSP1 immunity infection

Neutropenia in colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: An observational cohort study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第5期12卷 549-558页

作者： Peter h Cashin Lana Ghanipour Malin Enblad david L Morris Department of Surgical Sciences Section of SurgeryUppsala UniversityAkademiska SjukhusetUppsala 75185Sweden Department of Surgery University of New South WalesSydney 2217New South WalesAustralia

BACKGROUND The implications of neutropenia after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.h.PEC)treatment have never been *** To evaluate the occurrence of neutropenia and its effect on the risk of increased Clavien-Dindo morbidity as well as its effect on overall or disease-free *** All patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases(1996-2015)completing cytoreductive surgery and oxaliplatin-based hIPEC treatment from a biinstitutional database(Uppsala and Sydney)were included in the ***-Dindo grade 3-4 morbidity differences between the neutropenia group vs nonneutropenia group were calculated and Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank test were *** and multivariable Cox regression models for diseasefree survival were *** Two hundred and forty-six patients were identified–32 postoperative any-grade neutropenia patients and 214 non-neutropenia *** neutropenia group had more combination oxaliplatin+irinotecan treatment than the nonneutropenia group(66%vs 13%,P=0.0001).The neutropenia group was not associated with increased Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 *** overall survival was 53 mo vs 37 mo for the neutropenia and non-neutropenia group,P=*** disease-free survival was 16 mo vs 11 mo,respectively,P=*** was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with hazard ratio:0.58,95%confidence interval:0.36-0.95,P=*** 13%of patients developed neutropenia which was not associated with increased Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 *** was an independent positive prognostic factor for disease-free survival and was associated with more intense hIPEC *** is in direct contrast to the current paradigm of decreasing the treatment intensity.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Peritoneal metastases Cytoreductive surgery hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy Oxaliplatin Neutropenia

Saluenolide A,A Novel Eremophilanolide from Senecio saluenensis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第4期13卷 333-334页

作者： yu ZhAO Peng WANG Simon PARSONS david W.h. RANKIN DepartmentofNaturalDrugResearch CollegeofPharmaceuticalSciencesZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310031

From Senecio saluenensis, a novel eremophilanolide Saluenolide A was isolated. Its structure was elucidated by 2D-NMR technique and X-ray diffraction.

关键词： Sesquiterpene eremophilanolide Senecio X-ray cytotoxicity.

Chylous Ascites:A Review of Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Treatment

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Journal of Clinical and Translational hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 105-113页

作者： Richa Bhardwaj haleh Vaziri Arun Gautam Enrique Ballesteros david Karimeddini George y. Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUCONN HealthFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine UCONN HealthFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutics UCONN HealthFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUCONN HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA

Chylous ascites(CA)is a rare form of ascites that results from the leakage of lipid-rich lymph into the peritoneal *** usually occurs due to trauma and rupture of the lymphatics or increased peritoneal lymphatic pressure secondary to *** underlying etiologies for CA have been classified as traumatic,congenital,infectious,neoplastic,postoperative,cirrhotic or *** malignancy and cirrhosis account for about two-thirds of all the cases of CA in Western countries,in this article we have attempted to reclassify CA based on portal and non-portal *** diagnosis of CA is based on the distinct characteristic of the ascitic fluid which includes a milky appearance and a triglyceride level of>200 mg/*** management consists of identifying and treating the underlying disease process,dietary modification,and *** studies have also supported the use of agents such as orlistat,somatostatin,octreotide and *** and surgical interventions in the form of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(commonly known as TIPS),peritoneal shunt,angiography with embolization of a leaking vessel,and laparotomy remain as treatment options for cases refractory to medical management.

关键词： Chylous ascites Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Ascitic fluid Lymphatic system

A comparative study of the role of solute,potent particles and ultrasonic treatment during solidification of pure Mg,Mg-Zn and Mg-Zr alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 829-839页

作者： Nagasivamuni Balasubramani Gui Wang Mark A.Easton david h.St John Matthew S.Dargusch Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia School of Engineering RMIT UniversityCarlton3053 VICAustralia

Ultrasonic treatment(UST)applied during the solidification of pure Mg,eutectic(Mg-Zn)and peritectic(Mg-Zr)alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement *** dependent grain refinement is observed in pure Mg where decreasing the superheat temperature(at which UST is applied from above the melting temperature,TM)from 100℃to 40℃produces significant refinement with a uniform grain *** presence of solute reduces the temperature dependence of the UST refinement and excellent grain refinement is obtained regardless of the superheat temperature(100℃or 40℃)and even with the use of preheated sonotrode in the Mg-6 wt.%Zn alloy.A further improvement in grain refinement is achieved when the alloy contains potent particles that introduce additional nucleation of grains in Mg-0.5 and 1.0 wt.%Zr alloys(producing an average grain size of≤100μm).At 40℃superheat,UST of Mg-Zn alloys produces excellent refinement(average grain sizeh non-dendritic grains,which is normally achieved only with the addition of grain refining master alloy in the as-cast *** enhanced refinement observed in the eutectic alloy is explained through the undercooling imposed by a relatively cold sonotrode combined with high frequency vibrations and acoustic *** advantages of using a cold sonotrode,a low superheat and solute are demonstrated for achieving significant refinement during solidification of Mg alloys under UST without or with a lower addition of grain refining master alloys.

关键词： Grain refinement Mg-Zn alloy Mg-Zr alloy Ultrasonic treatment Interdependence Model Solidification

Celiac disease:Management of persistent symptoms in patients on a gluten-free diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1348-1356页

作者： david h Dewar Suzanne C Donnelly Simon D McLaughlin Matthew W Johnson h Julia Ellis Paul J Ciclitira King's College London Division of Diabetes and Nutritional SciencesDepartment of GastroenterologyThe Rayne InstituteSt Thomas' HospitalLondon SE1 7EHUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate all patients referred to our center with non-responsive celiac disease (NRCD),to establish a cause for their continued ***:We assessed all patients referred to our center with non-responsive celiac disease over an 18-mo *** individuals were investigated to establish the eitiology of their continued *** patients were first seen in clinic where a thorough history and examination were performed with routine blood work including tissue transglutaminase antibody *** were also referred to a specialist gastroenterology dietician to try to identift any lapses in the diet and sources of hidden gluten ingestion.A repeat small intestinal biopsy was also performed and compared to biopsies from the referring hospital where ***,lactulose hydrogen breath testing,pancreolauryl testing and computed tomography scan of the abdomen were undertaken if the symptoms *** clinical progress was followed over a minimum of 2 ***:One hundred and twelve consecutive patients were referred with *** were found not to have celiac disease (CD).Of the remaining 100 patients,45% were not adequately adhering to a strict gluten-free diet,with 24 (53%) found to be inadvertently ingesting gluten,and 21 (47%) admitting *** colitis was diagnosed in 12% and small bowel bacterial overgrowth in 9%.Refractory CD was diagnosed in 9%.Three of these were diagnosed with intestinal *** 2 years,78 patients remained well,eight had continuing symptoms,and four had ***:In individuals with NRCD,a remediable cause can be found in 90%:with continued gluten ingestion as the leading *** propose an algorithm for investigation.

关键词： Celiac disease Non-responsive celiac disea-se Refractory celiac disease Gluten Gluten-free diet

Management factors affecting densities of common grassland birds of high elevation grasslands of eastern South Africa:Ingula as a case study

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 37-49页

作者： david h.Maphisa hanneline Smit-Robinson Les G.Underhill Res Altwegg South African National Biodiversity Institute Statistics in Ecology Environment and ConservationDepartment of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape Town Bird Life South Africa Applied Behavioural Ecological and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) UNISA Animal Demography Unit Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape Town African Climate and Development Initiative University of Cape Town

Background: World?wide grassland birds are in decline due to habitat loss and degradation resulting from inten?sive agricultural practices. Understanding how key grassland habitat attributes determine grassland bird densities is required to make appropriate conservation decisions. We examine drivers of bird densities in a South African grass?land area that has been managed for biodiversity conservation with reduced grazing ***: We estimated the density of the eight most common grassland bird species encountered in our area to evaluate the effects of recent grassland management changes on the avifauna. We collected data on birds and habitat from the austral summers of 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2010/2011. We used hierarchical distance sampling methods to estimate density of birds relative to two main habitat variables, i.e., grass cover and height. In addition, we used regression splines within these distance sampling models as a more flexible description of suitable ranges of grass height and cover for each ***: For most species, density is related to grass height and cover as expected. The African Quailfinch(Ortygospiza atricollis) and Common Quail(Coturnix coturnix) preferred relatively short and open grass. The yellow?breasted Pipit(Anthus chloris), African Pipit(Anthus cinnamomeus) and Red?capped Lark(Calandrella cinerea) preferred short and relatively dense grass, while the Wing?snapping Cisticola(Cisticola ayresii) preferred grass of intermediate height and cover. The Cape Longclaw(Macronyx capensis) and Zitting Cisticola(Cisticola juncidis) preferred tall and dense grass. Our results agree with previous studies that grass height combined with grass cover are the most important habitat features that managers should manipulate in order to increase the density of target species. The regression splines show that the effect of these two habitat variables on density is well described by linear relationships for most ***: This

关键词： Density and detection Grassland birds Grass height and cover hierarchical distance sampling models

Cirrhotic ascites review: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

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World Journal of hepatology 2013年第5期5卷 251-263页

作者： Christopher M Moore david h Van Thiel Section of hepatology Department of MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612United States

Ascites is a pathologic accumulation of peritoneal fluidcommonly observed in decompensated cirrhotic states. Its causes are multi-factorial, but principally involve significant volume and hormonal dysregulation in the setting of portal hypertension. The diagnosis of ascites is considered in cirrhotic patients given a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, and ultimately confirmed, with insight into etiology, by imaging and paracentesis procedures. Treatment for ascites is multimodal including dietary sodium restriction, pharmacologic therapies, diagnostic and therapeutic paracentesis, and in certain cases transjugular intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt. Ascites is associated with numerous complications including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepato-hydrothorax and hepatorenal syndrome. Given the complex nature of ascites and associatedcomplications, it is not surprising that it heralds increased morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients and increased cost-utilization upon the health-care system. This review will detail the pathophysiology of cirrhotic ascites, common complications derived from it, and pertinent treatment modalities.

关键词： Ascites Cirrhosis hepato-hydrothorax hepatorenal syndrome Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis