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Biocompatibility pathways and mechanisms for bioactive materials:The bioactivity zone

Bioactive Materials 2022年第4期7卷 306-322页

作者： david F.williams Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine 391 Technology Way.Winston-SalemNorth Carolina27101USA

This essay analyzes the scientific evidence that forms the basis of bioactive materials,covering the fundamental understanding of bioactivity phenomena and correlation with the mechanisms of biocompatibility of *** is a detailed assessment of performance in areas such as bone-induction,cell adhesion,immunomodulation,thrombogenicity and antimicrobial *** is the modulation of biological activity by characteristics of the interfacial region that incorporates the material surface and the immediate local host *** the term‘bioactive material’is widely used and has a well understood general meaning,it would be useful now to concentrate on this interfacial region,considered as‘the bioactivity zone’.Bioactivity phenomena are either due to topographical/micromechanical characteristics,or to biologically active species that are presented in the bioactivity *** of topographical/micromechanical effects are the modulation of the osteoblast-osteoclast balance,nanotopographical regulation of cell adhesion,and bactericidal *** of bioactivity by biologically active species include their influence,especially of metal ions,on signaling pathways in bone formation,the role of cell adhesion molecules and bioactive peptides in cell attachment,macrophage polarization by immunoregulatory molecules and antimicrobial *** much experimental data exists to demonstrate the potential of such phenomena,there are considerable barriers to their effective clinical *** essay shows that there is solid scientific evidence of the existence of bioactivity mechanisms that are associated with some types of biomaterials,especially when the material is modified in a manner designed to specifically induce that activity.

关键词： Bioactivity Host response Biomaterial Medical technology Cell signaling

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Review of screening for pancreatic cancer in high risk individuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第19期17卷 2365-2371页

作者： Alina Stoita Ian D Penman david B williams Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital 390 Victoria StreetDarlinghurst2010NSWAustralia Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh51 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose at an early stage and is associated with a very poor *** percent of pancreatic cancers result from genetic susceptibility and/or familial *** from families with multiple affected first-degree relatives and those with a known cancer-causing genetic mutation have been shown to be at much higher risk of developing pancreatic *** efforts have focused on detecting disease at an earlier stage to improve survival in these high-risk *** article reviews high-risk groups,screening methods,and current screening programs and their results.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Familial cancer Cancer screening Risk factors Endoscopic ultrasound Hereditary cancer

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Settling,consolidation and shear strength behaviour of coal tailings slurry

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 849-857页

作者： Shriful Islam david J.williams Marcelo Llano-Serna Chenming Zhang School of Civil Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Geotechnical Engineer Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd.Queensland 4101Australia

The volume change and shear strength behaviour of tailings slurry with the changes in gravimetric moisture content is important to effectively utilise the storage volume and analysis of dam failure *** testing of tailings from a slurry-like to soil-like state is a critical task,and conventional consolidation apparatus does not have the capability of doing such testing,as the tailings slurries contain high water *** tests conducted on slurries having a 25%solids concentration showed very low efficiency;final sediment was still *** intrinsic point was identified based on pore water pressure dissipation during consolidation tests in a slurry consolidometer that can define two states of the tailings ***-like and *** the slurry-like state,the volume change was greater for Slurry 2 than Slurry 1,while the inverse was observed in the soil-like *** evolution of peak vane shear strength with the changes in moisture content was almost similar for both samples and obeyed the power *** models have been developed and validated to predict the shear strength of materials at any gravimetric moisture content or void ratio.

关键词： Settling Consolidation Vane shear strength Coal tailings slurry Slurry consolidometer

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Chemical composition of decomposing stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第22期50卷 2581-2586页

作者： HUANG Zhiqun XU Zhihong BOYD Sue williams david Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 110016 China Faculty of Environmental Sciences Griffith University QLD 4111 Australia School of Science Griffith University QLD 4111 Australia

Decomposition of stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations was studied using a chronosequence approach. The results showed that decomposition rate constant of Chi- nese fir stump was 0.02695 as calculated from Olson’s model. The N content of stump increased during the first two-year decomposition. When the dead stump C/N ratio was 463.2 ± 27.3, the stumps started to release N. The pattern of P release was similar to that for N. However, K content of stumps showed a consistent declining trend over time during the whole decomposition. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spec- troscopy with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning (13C CPMAS-NMR) was used to analyse organic carbon (C) components in decomposing stumps. The 13C CPMAS-NMR spectra of stumps displayed that stump was dominated by cellulose and hemicellulose. The spectra also showed the ac- cumulation of intensity in alkyl C, aromatic C, and carboxyl C spectral regions, which was expected as the labile cellulose and hemicellulose components in O-alkyl C spectral region were selectively decomposed first.

关键词：衫树树枝分解化学合成碳化层纤维素

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Is Magnetic Flux a Valuable Tool for the Analysis of Electrophotographic-Printed Documents?

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第4期4卷 197-202页

作者： williams david Mazzella Bing Li Ecole des Sciences Criminelles Faculty of LawCriminal Justice and Public AdministrationUniversity de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Evidence Law and Forensic Science Ministry of EducationInstitute of Evidence Law and Forensic ScienceChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingChina

The goal of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential application of magnetic flux for document *** this investigation,we examined the homogeneity of magnetic flux over the entire page of sample documents a... 详细信息

关键词： Black toner electrophotographic printing system magnetic flux magnetism

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Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2448-2450页

作者： Hartmut Jaeschke C david williams Mitchell R McGill Anwar Farhood Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutics University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 United States Department of Pathology Brackenridge Hospital Austin TX 78701 United States

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, Wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. We would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

关键词： Acetaminophen Drug hepatotoxicity Herbal extracts N-acetylcysteine

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Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis associated with severe ulcerative colitis: Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8788-8796页

作者： Mark Ghali Karen Bensted david B williams Simon Ghaly Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurst 2010NSWAustralia School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of New South WalesSydney 1466NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Type two autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare and difficult to diagnose,steroid responsive non-IgG4 inflammatory pancreatopathy that can be associated with inflammatory bowel *** SUMMARY This case series describes three cases with varied clinical presentations and representations of autoimmune pancreatitis,and all associated with an aggressive course of ulcerative *** pancreatopathy was independent of bowel disease activity and developed in one case following *** Clinician awareness about this condition is important to allow early diagnosis,treatment and avoid unnecessary pancreatic surgery.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Colectomy Case report

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Mapping tree canopies in urban environments using airborne laser scanning (ALS):a Vancouver case study

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 429-437页

作者： Giona Matasci Nicholas C.Coops david A.R.williams Nick Page Department of Forest Resource Management Unlversity of British Columbia2424Main MallVancouverBC V6T IZ4Canada Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation 2099Beach AvenueVancouverBC V6G IZ4Canada

Background: The distribution of forest vegetation within urban environments is critically important as it influences urban environmental conditions and the energy exchange through the absorption of solar radiation and modulation of evapotranspiration. It also plays an important role filtering urban water systems and reducing storm water ***: We investigate the capacity of ALS data to individually detect, map and characterize large(taller than15 m) trees within the City of Vancouver. Large trees are critical for the function and character of Vancouver’s urban forest. We used an object-based approach for individual tree detection and segmentation to determine tree locations(position of the stem), to delineate the shape of the crowns and to categorize the latter either as coniferous or ***: Results indicate a detection rate of 76.6% for trees > 15 m with a positioning error of 2.11 m(stem location). Extracted tree heights possessed a RMSE of 2.60 m and a bias of-1.87 m, whereas crown diameter was derived with a RMSE of 3.85 m and a bias of-2.06 m. Missed trees are principally a result of undetected treetops occurring in dense, overlapping canopies with more accurate detection and delineation of trees in open ***: By identifying key structural trees across Vancouver’s urban forests, we can better understand their role in providing ecosystem goods and services for city residents.

关键词： Urban forest Large trees Light detection and ranging Airborne laser scanning

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Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor-15 in premalignant and neoplastic tumours in a high-risk pancreatic cancer cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第14期26卷 1660-1673页

作者： Robert Sean O’Neill Sam Emmanuel david williams Alina Stoita Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent’s HospitalSydney 2010Australia St Vincent’s Clinical School Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydney 2010Australia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide,with poor survival due to late ***,biomarkers have limited use in early diagnosis of *** inhibitory cytokine-1 or growth differentiation factor-15(MIC-1/GDF15)has been implicated as a potential serum biomarker in PC and other *** To determine the role of MIC-1/GDF15 in detecting pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours in an asymptomatic high-risk cohort part of Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening *** A feasibility prospective single centre cohort study was *** recruited for yearly surveillance with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)had serial fasting blood samples collected before EUS for MIC-1/GDF15,C-reactive protein and carbohydrate antigen *** were stratified into five groups based on EUS findings:Normal;pancreatic cysts,branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm;diffuse non-specific abnormalities;and neoplastic ***-1/GDF15 serum levels were quantified using *** in whom EUS demonstrated abnormalities but not malignancy were closely followed up with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed *** One hundred twenty participants were prospectively recruited from ***-seven participants(39.2%)had an abnormal EUS and five participants(4.2%)were diagnosed with neoplastic tumours,three by EUS(two pancreatic and one liver)and two by MRI/computed tomography(breast cancer,bladder cancer),which were performed for follow up of abnormal *** serum MIC-1/GDF15 was a significant predictor of neoplastic tumours on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis[area under curve(AUC)=0.814,P=0.023].Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 had moderate predictive capacity for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(AUC=0.644)and neoplastic tumours noted on EUS(AUC=0.793),however this was not significant(P=0.188 and 0.081 respectively).Seria

关键词： Growth differentiation factor 15 Cytokines Pancreatic neoplasms Digestive system neoplasms Pancreatic diseases Biomarkers Diagnostic screening programs

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Parametric study on smoothed particle hydrodynamics for accurate determination of drag coefficient for a circular cylinder

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 143-153页

作者： Maziar Gholami Korzani Sergio A. Galindo-Torres Alexander Scheuermann david J. williams School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Simulations of two-dimensional(2D) flow past a circular cylinder with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method were conducted in order to accurately determine the drag coefficient. The fluid was modeled as a viscous liquid with weak compressibility. Boundary conditions,such as a no-slip solid wall, inflow and outflow, and periodic boundaries, were employed to resemble the physical problem. A sensitivity analysis, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies, was conducted on several SPH parameters. Hence, the effects of distinct parameters, such as the kernel choices and the domain dimensions, were investigated with the goal of obtaining highly accurate results. A range of Reynolds numbers(1-500) was simulated, and the results were compared with existing experimental data. It was observed that the domain dimensions and the resolution of SPH particles, in comparison to the obstacle size, affected the obtained drag coefficient significantly. Other parameters, such as the background pressure, influenced the transient condition, but did not influence the steady state at which the drag coefficient was determined.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Drag coefficient Reynolds number Sensitivity analysis Viscous flow

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