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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1936-1944页

作者： david Karki william Wyant III william A. Berzonsky Karl D. Glover Formerly Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Brookings USA Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Brookings USA

Rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome translocation is reported to enhance yield attributes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We used 1RS translocations within the spring wheat cultivar “Pavon76” to measure and identify the translocation that is suitable to withstand moisture stress conditions without significant loss in yield potential. Four lines were grown under two water regimes in greenhouse environment in 2011 and 2012. The rye translocation increased root and shoot biomass in some cases, reduced plant height, and delayed maturity in some cases. The 1RS.1BL translocation produced the highest grain yield associated with the lowest root and shoot biomass under both well watered and water stressed conditions. Root and shoot biomass were recorded the highest for 1RS.1AL under well watered condition. However it produced the least biomass for both traits under water stressed conditions. In most cases, lines were not statistically differentiated for seminal root angle, abscisic acid concentration, water use efficiency, and grain yield. Results from our study show that the 1RS.1BL translocation is more suited to produce high grain yield under moisture limiting conditions.

关键词： Wheat Rye Translocation Chromosome Water Regime

Solving a bottleneck in animal models of peyronie＇s disease

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 639-639页

作者： Selim Cellek william Stebbeds david J Ralph Cranfield University Bedfordshire University College London Hospital London UK

Peyronie＇s disease is characterized by the formation of a fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea （TA） of the penis. It is a benign condition of unclear etiology, resulting in deformities such as curvature, indentation or shortening. The disease has been shown to be prevalent, especially in older men, and affects quality of life, principally through pain during erection, erectile dysfunction and associated psychological impact.

关键词： PROTEIN EXPRESSION RAT INCREASE

Transformation Matrix for Combined Loads Applied to Thin-Walled Structures

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World Journal of Mechanics 2022年第6期12卷 65-78页

作者： Abdelraouf M. Sami Alsheikh david william Alan Rees College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UK

This paper transforms combined loads, applied at an arbitrary point of a thin-walled open section beam, to the shear centre of the cross-section of the beam. Therein, a generalized transformation matrix for loads with respect to the shear centre is derived, this accounting for the bimoments that develop due to the way the combined loads are applied. This and the authors’ earlier paper (World Journal of Mechanics 2021, 11, 205-236) provide a full solution to the theory of thin-walled, open-section structures bearing combined loading. The earlier work identified arbitrary loading with the section’s area properties that are necessary to axial and shear stress calculations within the structure’s thin walls. In the previous paper attention is paid to the relevant axes of loading and to the transformations of loading required between axes for stress calculations arising from tension/compression, bending, torsion and shear. The derivation of the general transformation matrix applies to all types of loadings including, axial tensile and compression forces, transverse shear, longitudinal bending. One application, representing all these load cases, is given of a simple channel cantilever with an eccentrically located end load.

关键词： Thin-Walled Structure Open Sections Transformation Matrix Load Transformation Combined Load Transformation Shear Centre Warping Bimoment Sectorial Area Properties

An early view of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation and its implications, from Australia （1906）

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Episodes 2005年第3期28卷 205-208页

作者： david Branagan Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia

Introduction （Sir） Tannatt william Edgeworth david （1858-1934） is recognised as probably Australia＇s greatest geologist. Born at St Fagan＇s, near Cardiff, Wales, he graduated from Oxford University in 1880 and studied briefly at the Royal School of Mines, London. He was influenced by the geologists Joseph Prestwich and John Judd, his relative william Ussher, and the romantic author and artist John Ruskin, who had a significant interest in geology.

关键词：澳大利亚冰川冰河作用气候条件地质条件新纪元

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe david Ayoola Oladele Adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi Salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia Ige Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola Adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife Nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa william Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection

Virtual Pitch and Pitch Shifts in Church Bells

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2017年第3期7卷 52-68页

作者： william A. Hibbert Shahram Taherzadeh david B. Sharp School of Engineering and Innovation Open University Milton Keynes UK

It is well established that musical sounds comprising multiple partials with frequencies approximately in the ratio of small integers give rise to a strong sensation of pitch even if the lowest or fundamental partial is missing—the so-called virtual pitch effect. Experiments on thirty test subjects demonstrate that this virtual pitch is shifted significantly by changes in the spacing of the constituent partials. The experiments measured pitch by comparison of sounds of similar timbre and were automated so that they could be performed remotely across the Internet. Analysis of the test sounds used shows that the pitch shifts are not predicted by Terhardt’s classic model of virtual pitch. The test sounds used were modelled on the sounds of church bells, but a further experiment on seventeen test subjects showed that changes in partial amplitude only had a minor effect on the pitch shifts observed, and that a pitch shift was still observed when two of the lowest frequency partials were removed, so that the effects reported are of general interest.

关键词： Virtual Pitch Pitch Measurement Church Bell Missing Fundamental Residue Pitch Pitch Shift

Management of pain in chronic pancreatitis with emphasis on exogenous pancreatic enzymes

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016年第3期7卷 370-386页

作者： Paul M Hobbs william G Johnson david Y Graham Department of Medicine Michael E DeB akey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine

One of the most challenging issues arising in patients with chronic pancreatitis is the management of abdominal pain. Many competing theories exist to explain pancreatic pain including ductal hypertension from strictures and stones, increased interstitial pressure from glandular fibrosis, pancreatic neuritis, and ischemia. This clinical problem is superimposed on a background of reduced enzyme secretion and altered feedback mechanisms. Throughout history, investigators have used these theories to devise methods to combat chronic pancreatic pain including: Lifestyle measures, antioxidants, analgesics, administration of exogenous pancreatic enzymes, endo-scopic drainage procedures, and surgical drainage and resection procedures. While the value of each modality has been debated over the years, pancreatic enzyme therapy remains a viable option. Enzyme therapy restores active enzymes to the small bowel and targets the altered feedback mechanism that lead to increased pancreatic ductal and tissue pressures, ischemia, and pain. Here, we review the mechanisms and treatments for chronic pancreatic pain with a specific focus on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. We also discuss different approaches to overcoming a lack of clinical response update ideas for studies needed to improve the clinical use of pancreatic enzymes to ameliorate pancreatic pain.

关键词： Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic insufficiency Protease Clinical trials Trypsin Fat malabsorption Pain

Isolated sacral injuries: Postoperative length of stay, complications, and readmission

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第8期6卷 629-635页

作者： Vasanth Sathiyakumar Hanyuan Shi Rachel V Thakore Young M Lee david Joyce Jesse Ehrenfeld william T Obremskey Manish K Sethi the Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Center for Health Policy Medical Center East

AIM: To investigate inpatient length of stay(LOS), complication rates, and readmission rates for sacral fracture patients based on operative ***: All patients who presented to a large tertiary care center with isolated sacral fractures in an 11-year period were included in a retrospective chart review. Operative approach(open reduction internal fixation vs percutaneous) was noted, as well as age, gender, race, and American Society of Anesthesiologists' score. Complications included infection, nonunion and malunion, deep venous thrombosis, and hardware problems; 90-d readmissions were broken down into infection, surgical revision of the sacral fracture, and medical complications. LOS was collected for the initial admission and readmission visits if applicable. Fisher's exact and non-parametric t-tests(Mann-Whitney U tests) were employed to compare LOS, complications, and readmissions between open and percutaneous ***: Ninety-four patients with isolated sacral fractures were identified: 31(30.4%) who underwentopen reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) vs 63(67.0%) who underwent percutaneous fixation. There was a significant difference in LOS based on operative approach: 9.1 d for ORIF patients vs 6.1 d for percutaneous patients(P = 0.043), amounting to a difference in cost of $13590. Ten patients in the study developed complications, with no significant difference in complication rates or reasons for complications between the two groups(19.4% for ORIF patients vs 6.3% for percutaneous patients). Eight patients were readmitted, with no significant difference in readmission rates or reasons for readmission between the two groups(9.5% percutaneous vs 6.5% ORIF).CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in LOS based on operative approach for sacral fracture patients. Given similar complications and readmission rates, we recommend a percutaneous approach.

关键词： Sacral fractures Open reduction and internal fixation Percutaneous complications Readmissions Length of stay

Deaths Due to Electrocution:An Evaluation of Death Scene Investigations and Autopsy Findings

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第4期4卷 179-183页

作者： Brittani K.Massey Mohammed A.Sait william L.A.Johnson Mary Ripple david R.Fowler Ling Li Forensic Medicine Graduate SchoolUniversity of MarylandMarylandUSA Forensic Medicine Office of the Chief Medical ExaminerBaltimoreMarylandUSA Evidence Science Sino-US Forensic Science Research CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of Judicial CivilizationChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingChina

The purpose of the study was to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of electrocution deaths in Maryland,identify any potential risks,and address preventive measures.A retrospective review of all the deaths due to electrocution was conducted at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in the State of Maryland from 2005 to *** the 11-year period,a total of 55 electrocution deaths were identified from the autopsy cases at the statewide medical examiner *** males died of electrocution than females with its ratio of(M:F)=9:*** the 55 cases,67.3%were White,18.2%were African-American,12.7%were Hispanic,and 1.8%were other *** age of the victims ranged from 4 to 83 years with mean age of 40 years.>96%deaths due to accidents and 3.4%were *** majority of deaths(70.9%)were caused by high-voltage *** 64%of fatalities were work-related *** study indicated that electrocution deaths frequently affected young male workers who were in contact with a high-voltage currents while on the *** detailed death scene investiRation and autopsy findings are *** potential hazards of electricity must continue to be addressed in public safety campaigns to prevent such *** should ensure safe work environments for any contact with electric currents.

关键词： Death investigation electrocution fatality forensic autopsy work-related death

Water Contamination Modeling—A Review of the State of the Science

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第2期5卷 142-155页

作者： Rakesh Bahadur david E. Amstutz william B. Samuels Center for Water Science and Engineering Science Applications International Corporation McLean USA

This paper reports on the current state of surface water and ocean contamination models—based on the needs of US Government agencies, their Information Technology (IT) systems, and business processes. In addition, down-selection and evaluation criteria were applied in a two-step process. In Step 1, sixty five surface water and ocean models were identified and researched. In Step 2, the following criteria were explored for each model: 1) model environment (river, lake estuary, coastal ocean and watershed);2) degree of analysis (screening model intermediate model, advanced model);3) availability (public domain, proprietary);4) temporal variability (steady state or time variable/dynamic);5) spatial resolution (one, two or three dimensional);6) processes (flow, transport, both flow and transport in an integrated system);7) water quality (chemical, biological, radionuclides, sediment);and 8) support (user support/training available, user manuals/documents available).

关键词： Watershed Coastal Ocean Rivers Modeling Simulation