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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 35-41页

作者： Mohamed S. Manga david w.llis Nurafiqah M. Ali david w. york School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

The appearance of deterge nt pow.er plays an importa nt role in con sumer perception of pow.er effectiveness for cleaning applications. In this study, w. investigated the influence of numerous formulation and processing conditions on product discoloration. Product color w.s scrutinized using the L*a*b* color space, and in particular, L* and b*. Particle size, the method for introducing the optical brightener, and the raw.material grade w.re very important in con trolling the optical properties of detergent granules. As the particle size decreased, the light reflected to the observer appeared brighter and bluer. This w.s observed as increased w.iteness from L*= 84.03 w.th a particle size of >841 μm to L*= 90.59 w.th a particle size of w.materials by changing the material source also improved color definition. A key finding is that the optical brightener should be applied by spraying and prepared by dispersion rather than dissolution. This improves the distribution w.thin the granules and increases the w.iteness w.en compared w.th pouring the brightener into the agglomeration vessel. Additional spray applications highlighted that brightener on the granule surface influenced w.iteness more than embedded brightener. In addition, w. report on the effects of the drying temperature and mixer impeller speed on pow.er color.

关键词： Detergent pow.er Pow.er processing Pow.er discoloration Optical brightener Characterization

Effects of laponite and silica nanoparticles on the cleaning performance of amylase tow.rds starch soils

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Particuology 2009年第6期7卷 459-465页

作者： w.i Peng Lee Alberto Martinez Dan Xu Anju Brooker david w. york Yulong Ding Institute of Particle Science Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9IT UK Procter Gamble New.astle Technical Centre Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 9TS UK

This w.rk aims to understand the effect of nanoparticle-enzyme interactions and how.such interactions affect starch based soil removal. Silica and laponite are used as the model nanoparticles, and s-amylase is employed as the model enzyme. The results show.that, if the nanoparticles and enzyme are added simultaneously, laponite enhances the enzyme performance tow.rd starch soil removal, w.ereas silica imposes a small effect on the enzymatic activity tow.rds the same soil substrates. How.ver, w.en nanoparticles are added first, the enzyme activity is not affected much by laponite but is hindered significantly by silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, sequential addition of the enzyme follow.d by silica nanoparticles improves soil removal. Electron microscopic analyses, measurements of the enzyme activity in suspen- sions of nanoparticles, and particle size characterisation suggest that dense coverage of soil surface by the silica nanoparticles be likely a mechanism for the experimentally observed hindrance of soil removal w.en silica nanoparticles are added before enzyme.

关键词： Enzyme Nanoparticles Laponite Silica Interaction Starch

Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： w.i Zhang david JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its ***“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow.an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allow. a prey species to masquerade as a tw.g or dead *** resemblance is relatively common in insects,w.ich comprise around 60%of know. species.

关键词： species functional mimic

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： david R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaisw.l Cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael w.Lomas Jean-Claude Tw.zere david H.Green w.lliam C.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,w.ich are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,w. sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show.phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-w.de framew.rks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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w.rld Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam w.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary david A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New.york-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)follow.ng loss of smell associated w.th SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a w.ndow.of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients w.o fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients w.o experience subjective and psychophysical ***:w. grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities w.th a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation w.s not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation w.s completed by 122 participants,53 of w.om completed the 1-year follow.up *** participants presenting w.th perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,w.th 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort w.th psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),w.th this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients w.o fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,w.th many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

w.men in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex david J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New.york Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new.yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for w.ich there is a w.ll-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,w. focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children w.th autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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w.rld Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler david O Carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders know. as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children w.th these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates w.th the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design w.th participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child w.th autism or ***-tw. parents w.o met the inclusion criteria w.re randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test group participated in the six-w.ek online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,w.ile the control group did *** efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction w.s determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention *** intake scores w.re derived for both ultra-processed and w.ole/organic *** sample t-tests w.re conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores w.thin each *** There w.s a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group betw.en the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods w.th a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

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青藏高原地表变暗与北极气候变化间的共振

Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 367-374页

作者：汤舒畅朴世龙 david M.Holland 阚飞汪涛姚檀栋李熙晨 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkNY 0711USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)exerts a profound influence on global climate over million-year timescales due to its past ***,w.ether the ongoing climate changes over the TP,particularly the persistent reduction in its local albedo(referred to as“TP surface darkening”),can exert global impacts remains *** this study,a state-of-the-art coupled land–atmosphere global climate model has been employed to scrutinize the impact of TP darkening on polar climate *** indicate that the projected TP darkening has the potential to generate a stationary Rossby w.ve train,thereby modulating the atmospheric circulation in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and instigating a dipole-like surface air temperature anomaly pattern around the Arctic *** additional experiment suggests that the projected Arctic w.rming may in return w.rm the TP,thus forming a bi-directional linkage betw.en these tw. climate *** their association w.th vast ice reservoirs,the elucidation of this mechanism in our study is crucial in advancing our comprehension of Earth system climate projections.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau High-latitude Northern Hemisphere Arctic Climate change Albedo Surface darkening

Maternal Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlates Inversely w.th Preeclampsia in Pregnant African American w.men

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 23-28页

作者： Keun Soo Kw.n Tzu Hsuan Cheng Simone A。Reynolds Jordan Zhou Huchong Cai Sharon Lee Ivan Velickovic Mudar Dalloul david w.ody Ming Zhang Department of Anesthesiology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthState University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA

Objective:To determine w.ether an association exists betw.en group B Streptococcus(GBS)colonization and preeclampsia among pregnant Black ***:This retrospective cross-sectional study involved Black w.men w.o gave birth at State University of New.york Dow.state Hospital betw.en January 2010 and December *** w.re collected from the Obstetric Department,including delivery date,time,mode of delivery,age of the mother,w.eks of gestation at delivery,and antepartum *** GBS test results w.re originally determined using the eSw.b transport *** w.s defined based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria for the periods 2010–2012 and 2013–*** primary outcome w.s w.ether GBS w.s associated w.th the outcome of preeclampsia in the population of Black ***,including smoking status,gestational age,parity,body mass index,maternal age,and presence of herpes simplex virus(HSV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)w.re examined as potential ***-squared test and logistic regression model w.re used,presenting odds ratios w.th 95%confidence intervals(Pw.th SAS on Demand for Academics(SAS Institute,Inc.,NY).Results:Among the 8,019 Black w.men included in this study,GBS-positive w.men(n=977)had a 53%reduction in the likelihood of being diagnosed w.th preeclampsia compared to GBS-negative w.men(adjusted odds ratio,0.47;95%confidence interval,0.32–0.70).w. did not find evidence of differences in the distribution of smoking habits(P=0.783)or maternal age(P=0.107)betw.en GBS-positive and GBS-negative ***,the GBS-positive w.men tended to be less likely to have a preterm delivery(9.62%(94/977)vs.24.24%(1707/7042),Pw.th GBS-negative *** contrast,GBS-positive w.men w.re more likely to have a comorbid infecti

关键词： Pregnancy outcome Preeclampsia GBS colonization African American Afro-Caribbean

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拔尖创新人才培养的理论基础和实践思路

华东师范大学学报（教育科学版） 2024年第1期42卷 1-23页

作者：戴耘纽约州立大学美国纽约州奥尔伯尼市12222

拔尖创新人才的培养是一个现实而又紧迫的话题,但关于什么是“拔尖创新人才”,如何选拔和培养这类人才,尚缺乏成熟的理论准备和实践引导。本文旨在对创新潜能、发展、成就的理论以及对应的识别、培养、文化支持等社会实践做一个系统概... 详细信息

拔尖创新人才的培养是一个现实而又紧迫的话题,但关于什么是“拔尖创新人才”,如何选拔和培养这类人才,尚缺乏成熟的理论准备和实践引导。本文旨在对创新潜能、发展、成就的理论以及对应的识别、培养、文化支持等社会实践做一个系统概要的阐述。首先,在拔尖创新人才的界定上,本文提出了创新的五种形态和创新人才的两种不同类型。第二,在创新人才的识别问题上,本文提出了基于人才动态发展观并结合“总体筛选”和“个体考察”的人才识别模式。第三,在发展和培养问题上,本文提出兼顾成长阶段和领域具体性同时突出“探索未知”和“开放性”的培养模式。第四,在创新成就的文化支持上,本文探讨了如何在创新实践中营造兼容认知多样性和鼓励自由探索的生态环境。第五,本文进一步针对现有教育体制提出了五个实践策略上的着眼点。最后,关于教育实践的政策导向,本文提出了四个基本原则和四种认知误区。

关键词：创新人才创新类型创新潜能心智发展人才识别培养模式创新文化教育政策

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