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Prediction of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement:The role of machine learning

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World Journal of Cardiology 2023年第3期15卷 95-105页

作者： Pradyumna Agasthi Hasan Ashraf Sai Harika Pujari Marlene Girardo Andrew Tseng Farouk Mookadam Nithin Venepally Matthew R Buras Bishoy Abraham Banveet K Khetarpal Mohamed Allam Siva K Mulpuru MD Mackram F Eleid Kevin l Greason Nirat Beohar John Sweeney david Fortuin david R Jr Holmes Reza Arsanjani Department of Cardiology Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 85054United States Department of Internal Medicine The Brooklyn Hospital CenterBrooklynNY 11201United States Department of Biostatistics Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 85054United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Statistics Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 85054United States Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Mount Sinai Medical Center Columbia UniversityMiami BeachFL 33138United States

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker(PPM)implantation is an important complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR).Application of machine learning could potentially be used to predict preprocedural risk for *** To apply machine learning to be used to predict pre-procedural risk for *** A retrospective study of 1200 patients who underwent TAVR(January 2014-December 2017)was performed.964 patients without prior PPM were included for a 30-d analysis and 657 patients without PPM requirement through 30 d were included for a 1-year *** the exclusion of variables with near-zero variance or≥50%missing data,167 variables were included in the random forest gradient boosting algorithm(GBM)optimized using 5-fold cross-validations repeated 10 *** receiver operator curve(ROC)for the GBM model and PPM risk score models were calculated to predict the risk of PPM at 30 d and 1 *** Of 964 patients included in the 30-d analysis without prior PPM,19.6%required PPM *** mean age of patients was 80.9±8.7 years.42.1%were *** 657 patients included in the 1-year analysis,the mean age of the patients was 80.7±*** those,42.6%of patients were female and 26.7%required PPM at 1-year *** area under ROC to predict 30-d and 1-year risk of PPM for the GBM model(0.66 and 0.72)was superior to that of the PPM risk score(0.55 and 0.54)with a P valuel has good discrimination and calibration in identifying patients at high risk of PPM post-TAVR.

关键词： Transcatheter aortic valve replacement Permanent pacemaker implantation Machine learning

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Cost of treatment support for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using patient-centred approaches in Ethiopia: a model-based method

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 54-62页

作者： laura Rosu lucy Morgan Ewan M.Tomeny Claire Worthington Mengdi Jin Jasper Nidoi david Worthington liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpoolL35QAUK Management Science Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Makerere University lung Institute KampalaUganda

Background Patient and health system costs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain high even after treatment duration was shortened. Many patients do not finish treatment, contributing to increased transmission and antimicrobial resistance. A restructure of health services, that is more patient-centred has the potential to reduce costs and increase trust and patient satisfaction. The aim of the study is to investigate how costs would change in the delivery of MDR-TB care in Ethiopia under patient-centred and hybrid approaches compared to the current *** We used published data, collected from 2017 to 2020 as part of the Standard Treatment Regimen of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Patients with MDR-TB (STREAM) trial, to populate a discrete event simulation (DES) model. The model was developed to represent the key characteristics of patients’ clinical pathways following each of the three treatment delivery strategies. To the pathways of 1000 patients generated by the DES model we applied relevant patient cost data derived from the STREAM trial. Costs are calculated for treating patients using a 9-month MDR-TB treatment and are presented in 2021 United States dollars (USD).Results The patient-centred and hybrid strategies are less costly than the standard-of-care, from both a health system (by USD 219 for patient-centred and USD 276 for the hybrid strategy) and patient perspective when patients do not have a guardian (by USD 389 for patient-centred and USD 152 for the hybrid strategy). Changes in indirect costs, staff costs, transport costs, inpatient stay costs or changes in directly-observed-treatment frequency or hospitalisation duration for standard-of-care did not change our *** Our findings show that patient-centred and hybrid strategies for delivering MDR-TB treatment cost less than standard-of-care and provide critical evidence that there is scope for such strategies to be implemented in routine care. These

关键词： Affordability Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Directly-observed treatment Patient-centred approach Tuberculosis treatment delivery

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Flux measurements for a DD neutron generator using neutron activation analysis

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第4期29卷 66-71页

作者： Walid A. Metwally Samar El-Sayed Ahmad Ababneh david l. Williams Allan X. Chen Department of Nuclear Engineering University of SharjahSharjah 27272 UAE Adelphi Technology 2003 E Bayshore Rd. Redwood CityCA 94063 USA

The fast and maximum thermal neutron fluxes from the DD-109 neutron generator at the University of Sharjah were experimentally measured by the activation technique using different neutron reactions. The thermal and fast neutron fluxes were found to be 2.960 × 10~6 and6.186 × 10~7 n/cm^2 s, respectively. This was done to verify the modeling results for the optimum moderator thickness needed to maximize the thermal neutron flux. The optimum moderator thickness was found to be between 3.5 and4 cm. The present data were compared with the detailed MCNP model-based calculation performed in earlier work to simulate the generator.

关键词： Neutron activation analysis Neutron generator Neutron moderation Thermal neutron flux measurement

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Machine learning in geosciences and remote sensing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第1期7卷 3-10页

作者： david J.lary Amir H.Alavi Amir H.Gandomi Annette l.Walker Hanson Center for Space Science University of Texas at Dallas Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University Aerosol and Radiation Section Naval Research Laboratory

learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（Ml） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The Ml approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. Ml covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the Ml-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of Ml as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the Ml techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of Ml for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.

关键词： Machine learning Geosciences Remote sensing Regression Classification

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An introductory report on the biodiversity of Middle Jurassic Phoenicopsis(Czekanowskiales) from the Ordos Basin, China

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Science Bulletin 2015年第21期60卷 1858-1865页

作者： Chunlin Sun Yunfeng li david l.Dilcher Hongshan Wang Tao li Yuling Na Anping Wang Key laboratory for Evolution of Past life and Environment in Northeast Asia Ministry of Education Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy Jilin University Department of Geology Indiana University Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida

Although the genus Phoenicopsis is the most common member of Czekanowskiales and is considered an indicative representative of the Middle Jurassic Coniopteris–Phoenicopsis assemblage in northern China, little was known about its taxonomy and biodiversity based upon the leaf cuticular structure. In this paper, three subgenera of the genus Phoenicopsis from the Middle Jurassic, Yan'an Formation of the Ordos Basin, China, Phoenicopsis(subg. Phoenicopsis)(Heer) Samylina, P.(subg. Windwardia)(Florin) Samylina and P.(subg. Culgoweria)(Florin) Samylina are identified based upon the leaf epidermal features for the first time. This discovery demonstrates that Phoenicopsis was quite diverse during the Middle Jurassic in northern China. Its biodiversity is significant for further understanding Middle Jurassic paleophytogeography and paleoclimatology of northern China. The current findings show that the three Phoenicopsis subgenera coexisted and flourished in the mixed zone(ecotone) between the Indo-Sinian Floristic Region and the Siberian Floristic Region as seasonal deciduous plants(trees or shrubs) during the Middle Jurassic. They were important elements in the Middle Jurassic deciduous gymnospermous forest community in warm temperate regions with seasonal temperature and precipitation variations. They are interpreted as growing on the hillsides and sloping fields along meandering streams, lakes and swamps in a vast sedimentary basin in a wet and warm environment.

关键词：鄂尔多斯盆地生物多样性植物组合中侏罗世中国北方落叶植物植物区系叶表皮结构

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A Systematic Review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 97-115页

作者： Alexander B.T.McAuley david C.Hughes loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci Thomas R.Roos Adam J.Herbert Daniel T.Jackson Adam l.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbaston B153TNUK

Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to *** A comprehensive search of the PubMed,SPORTDiscus,and MEDlINE databases until March 11th 2022 identi-fied 34 *** criteria:primary investigations,included football players,examined the association of a genetic variant with injury,and were published in *** of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.A narrative synthesis summarised *** There were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study,with 9642 participants across all studies(range=43–1311;median=227).Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 ***-one polymorphisms were associated with injury *** polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts:ACTN3(rs1815739)XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries,ACAN(rs1516797)G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament(ACl)injuries,and VEGFA(rs2010963)CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACl and ligament or tendon ***,several methodological issues(e.g.,small sample sizes,cohort heterogeneity,and population stratification)are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of *** At present,the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is *** participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

关键词： Soccer Genomics Polymorphism Snp Susceptibility

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Novel Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Variants Detected Through the Use of Massively Parallel Sequencing

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第4期13卷 250-257页

作者： david H.Warshauer Jennifer D.Churchill Nicole Novroski Jonathan l.King Bruce Budowle Institute of Applied Genetics Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) King Abdulaziz University

Massively parallel sequencing （MPS） technology is capable of determining the sizes of short tandem repeat （STR） alleles as well as their individual nueleotide sequences. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） within the repeat regions of STRs and variations in the pattern of repeat units in a given repeat motif can be used to differentiate alleles of the same length. In this study, MPS was used to sequence 28 forensically-relevant Y-chromosome STRs in a set of 41 DNA samples from the 3 major U.S. population groups （African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics）. The resulting sequence data, which were analyzed with STRait Razor v2.0, revealed 37 unique allele sequence variants that have not been previously reported. Of these, 19 sequences were variations of documented sequences resulting from the presence of intra-repeat SNPs or alternative repeat unit patterns. Despite a limited sampling, two of the most frequently-observed variants were found only in African American samples. The remaining 18 variants represented allele sequences for which there were no published data with which to compare. These findings illustrate the great potential of MPS with regard to increasing the resolving power of STR typing and emphasize the need for sample population characterization of STR alleles.

关键词： Y-STR Sequence polymorphism Allele variants Massively parallel sequencing Nextera STRait Razor

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Finding your scientific story by writing backwards

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Marine life Science & Technology 2022年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： david J.S.Montagnes E.Ian Montagnes Zhou Yang Department of Evolution Ecologyand BehaviourUniversity of LiverpoolBioSciences BuildingLiverpoolL697ZBUK Private Office 31 Baldwin StreetPort HopeONL1A 1S3Canada School of Biological Sciences Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China

To succeed,a scientist must write *** guidance exists on writing papers that follow the classic Introduction,Methods,Results,and Discussion(IMRaD)***,we fill a critical gap in this pedagogical *** offer guidance on developing a good scientific *** valuable—yet often poorly achieved—skill can increase the impact of a study and its likelihood of acceptance.A scientific story goes beyond presenting *** is a cohesive narrative that engages the reader by presenting and solving a problem,with a beginning,middle,and *** create this narrative structure,we urge writers to consider starting at the end of their study,starting with writing their main conclusions,which provide the basis of the Discussion,and then work backwards:Results→Methods→refine the Discussion→Introduction→Abstract→*** this brief and informal editorial,we offer guidance to a wide audience,ranging from upper-level undergraduates(who have just conducted their first research project)to senior scientists(who may benefit from re-thinking their approach to writing).To do so,we provide specific instruction,examples,and a guide to the literature on how to“write backwards”,linking scientific storytelling to the IMRaD structure.

关键词： Scientific narrative Scientific pedagogy Scientific writing Story-telling Writing structure

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Influence of SCENIC recommendations on terminology used for histopathologic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease-associated dysplasia

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第8期14卷 1375-1387页

作者： Yuan li Hanlin l Wang Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Pathology Molecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing 100730China

BACKGROUND Published in 2015,the International Consensus Recommendations on Surveillance for Colorectal Endoscopic Neoplasia Detection and Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients(SCENIC)recommended abandoning the use of diagnostic term“dysplasia-associated lesion or mass(DAlM)”for polypoid dysplastic lesions detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The aim of this study was to investigate whether this recommendation had any influence on diagnostic terminologies used by pathologists in their *** We retrospectively reviewed all pathology reports for surveillance colonoscopic biopsies from ulcerative colitis(UC)patients in our institution during 1/2012-12/2014(pre-SCENIC)and 1/2016-12/2018(post-SCENIC).These included 1203 biopsies from 901 UC patients during the pre-SCENIC period and 1273 biopsies from 977 UC patients during the post-SCENIC *** corresponding endoscopic findings and histopathologic diagnoses were *** indications for total colectomy for UC patients and corresponding histopathologic findings in colectomy specimens were also recorded and *** A total of 347 and 419 polyps/polypoid lesions were identified during the preSCENIC and post-SCENIC periods,among which 60 and 104 were dysplastic/adenomatous,*** polypoid dysplastic lesions were simply diagnosed as“adenoma”during the post-SCENIC period in comparison with the pre-SCENIC period(97.1%vs 65.0%;Plogy reports regarding the distinction between DAlM and sporadic adenoma was also significantly decreased during the post-SCENIC period(5.8%vs 38.3%;Plasia”was more consistently used for random biopsies during the post-SCENIC ***,the terms“sessile serrated adenoma/polyp”(SSA/P)and“serrated epithelial change”(SEC)were more consistently used for polypoid lesions and random biopsies,respectively,during the post-SCENIC period,althoug

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Dysplasia Terminology SCENIC

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A New Species of Huaxiapterus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the lower Cretaceous of Western liaoning, China with Comments on the Systematics of Tapejarid Pterosaurs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第3期80卷 315-326页

作者： lü Junchang JIN Xingsheng david M. UNWIN ZHAO lijun AZUMA Yoichi JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012 China Institutfür Palaiontologie Museumfiir NaturkundeZentralinstitut der Humboldt- Universitiit zu Berlin D-10115 Berlin Germany Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 51-11 Terao Muroko Katsuyama Fukui 911-8601 Japan

A new species of tapejarid pterosaur, Huaxiapterus coroUatus sp. nov. is erected on the basis of a nearly complete skull and postcranial skeleton from the lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of liaoning Province, China. Huaxiapterus coroUatus sp. nov. is characterized by a hatchet-shaped rectangular process on the premaxilla, whose short axis is perpendicular to the anterior margin of the premaxillae. Except for this process, other characters of the skull such as the breadth of the snout between the anterior margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra and the anterior margin of the premaxilla are similar to that of Huaxiapterus jii. Huaxiapterus and a second Chinese tapejarid, Sinopterus, share several unique cranial characters in common with Tapejara and these three genera appear to be more closely related to each other than to other azhdarchoids. The Chinese tapejarids （Sinopterus and Huaxiapterus） have relatively elongate skulls and weakly developed cranial crests and seem to be less derived than Tapejara, with its shorter, deeper skull and large cranial crest. Tupuxuarids （Tupuxuara and Thalassodromeus） have often been associated with tapejarids in the family Tapejaridae, but this relationship is controversial because some phylogenetic analyses have supported the pairing of tupuxuarids with Azhdarchidae. We propose that Tapejaridae be restricted to Tapejara, Sinopterus and Huaxiapterus.

关键词： Pterosauria Azhdarchoidea Tapejaridae Jiufotang Formation lower Cretaceous China

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