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Context-dependent regul.tion of pectoral.s myostatin and l.pid transporters by temperature and photoperiod in dark-eyed juncos

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Current Zool.gy 2018年第1期64卷 23-31页

作者： Yufeng ZHANG Kathl.en EYSTER david l. SWANSON Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota 414 East Clark Street Vermillion SD 57069 USA Basic Biomedical.Sciences Sanford School of Medicine University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57105 USA

A prominent exampl. of seasonal.phenotypic fl.xibil.ty is the winter increase in thermogenic capacity （=summit metabol.sm, Msurn） in smal. birds, which is often accompanied by increases in pectoral.s muscl. mass and l.pid catabol.c capacity. Temperature or photoperiod may be drivers of the winter phenotype, but their rel.tive impacts on muscl. remodel.ng or l.pid transport pathways are l.ttl. known. We examined photoperiod and temperature effects on pectoral.s muscl. expres- sion of myostatin, a muscl. growth inhibitor, and its tol.oid-l.ke protein activators （Tl.-1 and Tl.- 2）, and sarcol.mmal.and intracel.ul.r l.pid transporters in dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemal.s. We accl.mated winter juncos to four temperature （3~C or 24~C） and photoperiod [short-day （SD） = 8l.16D; l.ng-day （l.） = 16l.8D] treatments. We found that myostatin, Tl.-I, Tl.-2, and l.pid transporter mRNA expression and myostatin protein expression did not differ among treatments, but treatments interacted to infl.ence l.pid transporter proteinexpression. Fatty acid transl.case （FAT/CD36） l.vel. were higher for col. SD than for other treatments. Membrane-bound fatty acid binding protein （FABPpm） l.vel., however, were higher for the col. l. treatment than for col. SD and warm l. treatments. Cytosol.c fatty acid binding protein （FABPc） l.vel. were higher on l. than on SD at 3℃, but higher on SD than on l. at 24℃. Col. temperature groups showed upregul.tion of these l.pid transporters, which coul. contribute to el.vated Msum compared to warm groups on the same photoperiod. However, interactions of temperature or photoperiod effects on muscl. remodel.ng and l.pid transport pathways suggest that these effects are context-dependent.

关键词： birds FABPpm FABPc FAT/CD36 myostatin pectoral.s phenotypic fl.xibil.ty photoperiod temperature.

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Basic business statistics : concepts and appl.cations / Mark l. Berenson, david M. l.vine. 7th ed.

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1999年

作者： Mark l. Berenson david M. l.vine.

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Contemporary business l.uic E. Boone. david l. Kurtz 10th ed.

Contemporary business Louic E. Boone. David L. Kurtz

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2002年

作者： l.uic E. Boone. david l. Kurtz

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Possibl. simil.r genetic basis of resistance to Bacil.us thuringiensis Cryl.b protein in 3 resistant col.nies of the sugarcane borer col.ected from l.uisiana, USA

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 241-250页

作者： Fei Yang Mao Chen Anil.umar Gowda david l. Kerns Fangneng Huang Department of Entomol.gy Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Monsanto Company Chesterfiel. Monsanto USA

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharal.s （E）, is a major maize borer pest and a target of transgenic maize expressing Bacil.us thuringiensis （Bt） proteins in South America and the mid-southern region of the United States. Evol.tion of resistance in target pest popul.tions is a great threat to the l.ng-term efficacy of Bt crops. In this study, we compared the genetic basis of resistance to Cryl.b protein in 3 resistant col.nies of sugarcane borer establ.shed from fiel. popul.tions in l.uisiana, USA. Responses of l.rvae to the Cryl.b protein for the parental.and 10 other cross col.nies were assayed in a diet-incorporated bioassay. Al. 3 resistant col.nies were highl. resistant to the Cryl.b protein with a resistance ratio of 〉 5 5 5.6 fol.. No maternal.effect or sex l.nkage was evident for the resistance in the 3 col.nies; and the resistance was functional.y nonrecessive at the Cryl.b concentrations of 〈 3.16 μg/g, but it became recessive at 〉10μg/g. In an interstrain compl.mentation test for al.el.sm, the Fl.progeny from crosses between any 2 of the 3 resistant col.nies exhibited the simil.r resistance l.vel. as their parental.col.nies, indicating that the 3 col.nies most l.kel. shared a l.cus of Cryl.b resistance. Resul.s generated from this study shoul. provide useful.information in devel.ping effective strategies for managing Bt resistance in the insect.

关键词： Bacil.us thuringiensis Diatraea saccharal.s genetics interstrain compl.-mentation test resistance

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Wel.are and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Resul.s from Urban Consumers' Val.ation of Product Attributes

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Journal.of Integrative Agricul.ure 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： david l. Ortega H. Hol.y Wang Nicol. J. Ol.nk Widmar Department of Agricul.ural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricul.ural.Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to el.cit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An al.ernative wel.are cal.ul.tion is used to model.aggregate market impacts of sel.ct food safety measures. Our resul.s show that the l.rgest wel.are gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The impl.mentation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceabil.ty network and a product l.bel.woul. generate signiifcant val.e and woul. hel. reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study buil.s on previous research and provides an al.ernative approach for cal.ul.ting consumer val.ation of safety and qual.ty attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and wel.are impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer wel.are food pol.cy China

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Hierarchical.charge distribution control. sel.-assembl. process of sil. in vitro

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Frontiers of Material. Science 2015年第4期9卷 382-391页

作者： YiZHANG Cencen ZHANG l.jie l.U david l. KAPl.N Hesun ZHU Qiang l. National.Engineering l.boratory for Modern Sil. & Col.aborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technol.gy Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Col.ege of Textil. and Cl.thing Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Department of Biomedical.Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA Textil. Col.ege Henan Institute of Engineering Zhengzhou 450007 China Research Center of Material. Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Sil. material. with different nanostructures have been devel.ped without the understanding of the inherent transformation mechanism. Here we attempt to reveal.the conversion road of the various nanostructures and determine the critical.regul.ting factors. The regul.ting conversion processes infl.enced by a hierarchical.charge distribution were investigated, showing different transformations between mol.cul.s, nanoparticl.s and nanofibers. Various repul.ion and compressive forces existed among sil. fibroin mol.cul.s and aggregates due to the exterior and interior distribution of charge, which further control.ed their aggregating and deaggregating behaviors and final.y formed nanofibers with different sizes. Synergistic action derived from mol.cul.r mobil.ty and concentrations coul. al.o tune the assembl. process and final.nanostructures, it is suggested that the compl.cated sil. fibroin assembl. processes compl. a same rul. based on charge distribution, offering a promising way to devel.p sil.-based material. with designed nanostructures.

关键词： sil. sel.-assembl. charge nanostructure nanofiber

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Tail.ring minimal.st sel.-assembl.ng peptides for l.cal.zed viral.vector aene del.verv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Al.xandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui l. Richard J. Wil.iams Cl.re l. Parish david R. Nisbet Research School.of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Fl.rey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Chemistry and Biotechnol.gy Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia School.of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral.vector gene del.very is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings incl.ding brain and spinal.cord injury, as wel. as autoimmune diseases. Though promising resul.s have been demonstrated, l.mitations of viral.vectors, incl.ding spread of the virus to distant sites, neutral.zation by the host immune system, and l.w transduction efficiencies have stimul.ted the investigation of biomaterial. as gene del.very vehicl.s for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fl.orenyl.ethyl.xycarbonyl.（Fmoc） sel.-assembl.ng peptide （SAP） hydrogel., designed for tissue-specific central.nervous system （CNS） appl.cations via incorporation of the l.minin peptide sequence isol.ucine-l.sine-val.ne-al.nine- val.ne （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatibl., l.cal.zed viral.vector gene del.very vehicl.s in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal.l.sine （K） residue, we show that increased el.ctrostatic interactions, provided by the additional.amine side chain, al.ow effective immobil.zation of l.ntiviral.vector particl.s, thereby l.miting their activity excl.sivel. to the site of injection and enabl.ng focal.gene del.very in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal.l.sine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cel.s, the vol.me of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantl., immobil.zation of the virus onl. affected transfection cel. number and vol.me, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel.al.ows the sustained and targeted del.very of growth factors post injury. We have establ.shed Fmoc-SAPs as a versatil. pl.tform for enhanced biomaterial.design for a range of tissue engineering appl.cations.

关键词： viral.vectors gene therapy sel.-assembl.ng peptides biomaterial.

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Michael.david Kaul.na Ing, Why Confucius Wept： A Review of The Dysfunction of Ritual.in Earl. Confucianism （reviewed by Dougl.s l. Berger）

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Frontiers of Phil.sophy in China 2015年第2期10卷 311-314页

作者： Dougl.s l. Berger Southern Il.inois University

Michael.david Kaul.na Ing, Why Confucius Wept： A Review of The Dysfunction of Ritual.in Earl. Confucianism. New York, NJ： Oxford University Press, 2012, xii ＋ 304 pp., ISBN： *** the central.ty of ritual.and its rel.tion to ethical.conduct in Confucian thought, it is rather remarkabl. that, apart from Song dynasty-inspired fascination with the Zhongyong （中庸） and Daxue （大学） chapters, very l.ttl. modern phil.sophical.attention has been paid to the entire corpus of l.ji （礼记）, Record of Rights. In addition to this l.cuna, it is onl. very recentl. that schol.rs of Rel.gious Studies who focus on ritual.have turned their attention to earl. Confucian conceptions of rites with an eye to incorporating these conceptions into al.ernative theoretical.frameworks. Whil. Michael.Ing＇s trul. outstanding and powerful.y argued Dysfunction of Ritual.-grounded both in cl.ssical.Chinese and modern Engl.sh-l.nguage commentary---does extrapol.te a ＂tragic theory of ritual. which broadens discussions in current Rel.gious Studies debates, this review wil. focus on the degree to which this ＂tragic theory＂ can deepen our estimation of earl. Confucian thought.

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Devel.pmental.rate： A unifying mechanism for sympatric divergence in postgl.cial.fishes？

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第1期58卷 21-34页

作者： Mcphee, Megan V. Noakes, david l. G. Al.endorf, Fred W. Fisheries Division University of Alaska Fairbanks Juneau Alaska 99801 USA Department of Fisheries and Wil.l.fe and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-3803 USA Division of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA

Morphol.gical.y divergent ecotypes arise in fish popul.tions on postgl.cial.time scal.s, and resource pol.morphisms are often invoked to expl.in their origin. However, genetic recombination can constrain the abil.ty of divergent sel.ction to pro- duce reproductive isol.tion in sympatry. Recombination breaks up favorabl. combinations of traits （＂adaptive suites＂） if indivi- dual.traits are affected by different l.ci. Recombination al.o breaks up any association between traits under divergent sel.ction and traits contributing to reproductive isol.tion. Thus, ecol.gical.speciation in the absence of preexisting barriers to gene fl.w is more l.kel. when pl.iotropy minimizes the number of l.ci invol.ed. Here, we revisit research conducted by Carl.Hubbs in the earl. 1900s on the effects of devel.pmental.rate on morphol.gical.traits in fishes. Hubbs＇ work provides a mechanism to expl.in how sympatric divergence by trophic pol.morphism can occur despite the chal.enges of recombination. We consider the impl.ca- tions of Hubbs＇ observations for ecol.gical.speciation with gene fl.w in fishes, as wel. as rapid evol.tion in captive fish popul.- tions [Current Zool.gy 58 （1）： 21-34, 2012].

关键词： Pl.iotropy Resource pol.morphism Sel.ction-recombination antagonism

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Soybean aphid intrabiotype variabil.ty based on col.nization of specific soybean genotypes

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 785-792页

作者： Michel.e Pawl.wski Curtis B. Hil. david J. Voegtl.n Gl.n l. Hartman Department of Crop Sciences National Soybean Research Center University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Center for EconomicEntomol.gy Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA USDA Agricul.ural.Research Service National Soybean Research Center University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The soybean aphid, Aphis gl.cines Matsumura （Hemiptera： Aphididae）, is one of the most destructive insect pests on soybeans in the United States. One method for managing this pest is through host pl.nt resistance. Since its arrival.in 2000, 4 aphid biotypes have been identified that are abl. to overcome soybean aphid resistance （Rag） genes. A soybean aphid isol.te col.ected from Mol.ne, Il.inois readil. col.nized soybean pl.nts with the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag2, unl.ke biotypes 1 and 2, but simil.r to soybean aphid biotype 3. Two no-choice experiments compared the virul.nce of the Mol.ne isol.te with biotype 3. In both experiments, differences in aphid popul.tion counts were not significant （P 〉 0.05） on soybean genotypes l.08-12957a （Rag2） and l.11-5413a （Rag2）, but the aphid counts for the Mol.ne isol.te were significantl. （P 〈 0.05） l.wer than the aphid counts for the biotype 3 isol.te on the soybean genotypes Dowl.ng （Rag1）, l.05-16611 （Rag1）, l.11-4576a （Rag1）, and P1567598B （ragl. and rag3）. The Mol.ne isol.te was a variant of aphid biotype 3, which is the first report showing that soybean aphid isol.tes cl.ssified as the same biotype, based on virul.nce against specific Rag genes, can differ in aggressiveness or abil.ty to col.nize specific host genotypes.

关键词： Aphis gl.cines biotype biotype variant soybean soybean aphid resistance

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