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灵长类营养生态学的研究进展

人类学学报 2011年第4期30卷 405-414页

作者：郭松涛纪维红常鸿莉 david Raubenheimer 李保国西北大学生命科学学院西安710069 陕西省动物研究所西安710032 Institute of Natural Resources and New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study Massey UniversityAlbanyNew Zealand 904

营养生态学是现代生态学领域研究动物食物数量和质量、营养适应以及营养对种群特征作用规律的分支学科。目前从营养生态学研究灵长类食性需求主要分为五种假说,1)能量最大化假说;2)氮(蛋白质)最大化假说;3)植物次级代谢产物调节假说;4)... 详细信息

营养生态学是现代生态学领域研究动物食物数量和质量、营养适应以及营养对种群特征作用规律的分支学科。目前从营养生态学研究灵长类食性需求主要分为五种假说,1)能量最大化假说;2)氮(蛋白质)最大化假说;3)植物次级代谢产物调节假说;4)膳食纤维调节假说;5)食物营养均衡假说。本文从研究方法和研究内容分别介绍了这些假说在灵长类中的研究进展,并综述了我国的灵长类各物种在营养生态学领域开展研究的进展。

关键词：采食策略营养平衡定量营养分析

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 3-43页

作者： BLAIR david JU Li ZHAO ChunNong WEN LinQing CHU Qi FANG Qi CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZHU ZongHong REITZE david H. ARAI koji ZHANG Fan FLAMINIO Raffaele ZHU XingJiang HOBBS George MANCHESTER Richard N. SHANNON Ryan M. BACCIGALUPI Carlo GAO Wei XU Peng BIAN Xing CAO ZhouJian chang ZiJing DONG Peng GONG XueFei HUANG ShuangLin JU Peng LUO ZiRen QIANG Li'E TANG WenLin WAN XiaoYun WANG Yue XU ShengNian ZANG YunLong ZHANG HaiPeng LAU Yun-kau NI Wei-Tou School of Physics The University of Western Australia State key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering Shanxi University Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science State key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Department of Physics University of Florida Department of Physics West Virginia University National Astronomical Observatory of Japan CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University SISSA Astrophysics Sector Institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Morningside Center of Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences State key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Mathematics Henan University Department of Mathematics Capital Normal University Department of Geophysics College of the Geology Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an University QUEST Centre of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research Leibniz Universitt Hannover Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik(Albert Einstein Institut) Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory Beijing Aerospace Control Center Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Launch Vehicle Technology Center for Gravitation and Cosmology Department of Physics Tsing Hua University

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the kAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.

关键词： gravitational waves ground based detectors pulsar timing spaced based detectors CMB

Antagonistic interaction between male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia in the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 330-346页

作者： Ning Lv Jing Peng Xin-Yi Chen chang-Fei Guo Wen Sang Xing-Min Wang Muhammad ZAhmed Yong-Yu Xu Bao-Li Qiu key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureMaomingGuangdong ProvinceChina Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 1911 SW 34th StreetGainesvilleUSA College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Cardinium and Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods that can manipulate host reproduction by increasing the fitness of infected ***,we report that Cardinium and Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility(CI)when they coexisted in a cryptic species of whitefly,Bemisia tabaci Asia *** and Wolbachia symbionts were either singly or simul-taneously localized in the bacteriocytes placed in the abdomen of *** nymphs and ***-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and resulted in a higher female sex ratio in the intraspecific amphigenetic progeny of Asia II7 IcwH and IcwL lines;interestingly,male-illing induction was enhanced with increased Cardinium ***,single infection of Wolbachia induced partial CI in the Asia II7 Iw line and resulted in reduced fecundity,higher embryonic mortality,and lower female sex *** uninfected Asia II7 Iu line had significantly higher fecundity,lower embryonic and nymphal mortalities,and a lower level of CI than both the Wolbachia infected Asia II7 Iw line and the Cardinium--Wolbachia-coinfected Asia II7 IcwH *** findings indicate that Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing,which may have had antag-onistic effects on Wolbachia-induced CI in the Asia II7 *** the first time,our study revealed that *** Asia II7 reproduction is co-manipulated by Cardinium and Wolbachia endosymbionts.

关键词： antagonistic interaction Bemisia tabaci coinfection endosymbiont repro-ductive manipulation sex ratio

Highlights of CAFIU's International Exchanges (From June to August 2004)

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International Understanding 2004年第3期 54-56页

作者： Fan Rongmei chang Jiuqing

(1) May 28-June 5, at the invitation of CAFIU, the 10-member delegation of the Institute of the International Relations of the Jorge Washington University of America headed by Prof. david Shambaugh, Director of the Ch... 详细信息

关键词：中国国际交流协会 2004年6月-8月美国考察访问日本

Muscle Biological Characteristics of Differentially Expressed Genes in Wujin and Landrace Pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2236-2242页

作者： XU Hong HUANG Ying LI Wei-zhen YANG Ming-hua GE chang-rong ZHANG Xi LI Liu-an GAO Shi-zheng ZHAO Su-mei School of Public Finance and Economics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Yunnan Agricultural University Faculty of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Animal Husbandry Post-Doctoral Station Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Animal Science Tianjin Agricultural University

The biological chemistry would be responsible for the meat quality. This study tried to investigate the transcript expression profile and explain the characteristics of differentially expressed genes between the Wujin and Landrace pigs. The results showed that 526 differentially expressed genes were found by comparing the transcript expression profile of muscle tissue between Wujin and Landrace pigs. Among them, 335 genes showed up-regulations and 191 genes showed down-regulations in Wujin pigs compared with the Landrace pigs. Gene ontology （GO） analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were clustered into three groups involving in protein synthesis, energy metabolism and immune response. kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （kEGG） pathway analysis found that these differentially expressed genes participated in protein synthesis metabolism, energy metabolism and immune response pathway. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （david） analysis of protein function and protein domains function also confirmed that differentially expressed genes belonged to protein synthesis, energy metabolism and immune response. Genes related protein synthesis metabolism pathway in Landrace was higher than in Wujin pigs. However, differentially expressed genes related energy metabolism and immune response was up-regulated in Wujin pigs compared with Landrace pigs. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR on selected genes was used to confirm the results from the microarray. These suggested that the genes related to protein synthesis, energy metabolism and immune response would contribute to the growth performance, meat quality as well as anti-disease capacity.

关键词： pigs muscle tissue microarray bioinformatics analysis differentially expressed genes

Risk factors for hypospadias in China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第5期16卷 778-781,I0011页

作者： Ling-Fan Xu Chao-Zhao Liang Julia Lipianskaya Xian-Guo Chen Song Fan Li Zhang Jun Zhou Sheng Tai chang-Qin Jiang Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China Department of Pathology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

This case-controlled study was designed to evaluate the association between various baseline parental factors and the risk of hypospadias in China. Patients were selected from tertiary referral hospitals in Anhui, a province in mid-eastern China. A questionnaire was given to the parents of each patient. The final database included 193 cases and 835 controls. The incidence of additional coexistent anomalies was 13.0%, primarily cryptorchidism （9.8%）. Ten patients （5.1%） were from families with genital anomaly, including five families （2.6%） with hypospadias. The risks of hypospadias was higher for children of mothers 〉 35 （odds ratio [OR] =1.47） and 〈 18 （OR = 2.95） years of age, and in mothers who had consumed alcohol （OR = 2.67）, used drugs （OR = 1.53） and had an infection （OR = 1.87） during pregnancy. The risk of hypospadias was also higher when mothers （OR = 1.68） and fathers （OR = 1.74） were engaged in agriculture. Other factors assessed were not associated with the risk of hypospadias.

关键词： genetics hypospadias maternal exposures paternal exposures pregnancy risk factors

Neuronal damage and blood-retinal barrier disruption in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury:protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

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Neuronal damage and blood-retinal barrier disruption in reti...

Neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on acute ischemic stroke injury

中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Amy Cheuk Yin Lo Suk-Yee Li Chung-Man Yeung Raymond Chuen-Chung chang kwok-Fai So david Wong Eye Institute Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Research Center of Heart BrainHormone and Healthy AgingLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

＜正＞Objective Neuronal cell death,glial cell activation,retinal swelling and oxidative injury are complications in retinal ischemia/reperfusion（I/R） *** barbarum polysaccharides（LBP）,extracts from the wolfberries, are good for "eye health" in Chinese *** aim of our present study is to explore the use of LBP in retinal I/R *** Retinal I/R injury was induced by surgical occlusion of the internal carotid *** to induction of ischemia,mice were fed orally with either vehicle（PBS） or LBP（1 mg/kg） once a day for 1 week. Ischemia was maintained for 2 hours and reperfusion was then allowed for 22 ***-embedded retinal sections were *** cells were counted while apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL *** levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,aquaporin-4（AQP4）,poly（ADP-ribose）（PAR） and nitrotyrosine （NT） were investigated by *** integrity of blood-retinal barrier（BRB） was examined by IgG extravasation *** Decreased viable cell count and apoptosis were found in the ganglion cell layer （GCL） and the inner nuclear layer（INL） of the vehicle-treated I/R ***,increased retinal thickness, GFAP activation,AQP4 up-regulation,IgG extravasation and PAR expression level were observed in the vehicletreated I/R *** importantly,many of these changes were diminished or abolished in the LBP-treated I/R *** Pre-treatment with LBP for 1 week effectively protected the retina from neuronal death,apoptosis, glial cell activation,aquaporin water channel up-regulation,disruption of BRB and oxidative *** present study suggests that LBP may have a neuroprotective role in ocular diseases in which I/R is a feature.

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Neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides o...

The strigolactone receptor D14 targets SMAX1 for degradation in response to GR24 treatment and osmotic stress

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Amy Cheuk-Yin LO Chung-Man YEUNG Suk-Yee LI Raymond Chuen-Chung chang kwok-Fai SO david WONG Eye Institute Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Research Center of Heart BrainHormone and Healthy AgingLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong St Paul’s Eye Unit University of LiverpoolUK

＜正＞Objective The polysaccharides in Lycium barbarum,a well known traditional Chinese medicine,have been demonstrated to display multiple biological effects such as anti-aging,anti-tumor and *** the present study,we aimed to evaluate the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides（LBP） on murine brain injury after induction of acute ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO）.Methods Mice were orally treated with either vehicle（PBS） or LBP（1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg） for 1 week before induction of cerebral ischemia by *** 2 h of ischemia followed by 22 h of reperfusion,animals were evaluated for neurological *** after scoring of the neurological deficits,brains were isolated,cut into 6 coronal slices of 2 mm thickness and stained with 2%2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride（TTC） to detect lesion *** posterior surface of each brain slice was subsequently photographed and analyzed using a digital image analysis *** area,volume,and hemispheric brain swelling were calculated using an indirect method in which the effects of edema and brain swelling have been ***（1） Mice treated with either 1 mg/kg LBP or 10 mg/kg LBP（n=7 for each group） had less neurological deficits than the vehicle-treated mice（n=8）（vehicle=2.0+/-0.3,1 mg/kg LBP=1.4+/-0.2,10 mg/kg LBP=1.1+/-0.1）.（2） TTC staining revealed a significantly smaller infarct area in brain slice number 4 in the LBP-treated mice when compared with the vehicle-treated mice（vehicle=35.4+/- 4.2%,1 mg/kg LBP=17.5+/-5.8%,10 mg/kg LBP=17.6+/-4.9%）.（3） Consistent with the infarct area data,the overall infarct volumes were decreased in the LBP-treated groups（vehicle=25.8+/-3.1%,1 mg/kg LBP=215+/-2.5%,10mg/kg LBP=16.6+/-2.7%）. （4） Mice treated with LBP displayed less hemispheric brain swelling（vehicle=11.1+/-0.9%,1 mg/kg LBP=9.7+/-1.1%,10mg/kg LBP=7.9+/-0.6%）.Conclusions Taken together,these data indicate that treatment with LBP for 1 week could protect the mouse

关键词： neuroprotection animal model oxidative stress

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 76-91页

作者： Qingtian Li Elena Sánchez Martín-Fontecha Aashima khosla Alexandra R.F.White Sunhyun chang Pilar Cubas david C.Nelson Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Plant Molecular Genetics Department Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSICCampus Universidad Autόnoma de MadridMadridSpain

The effects of the phytohormone strigolactone(SL)and smoke-derived karrikins(kARs)on plants are generally distinct,despite the fact that they are perceived through very similar *** homologous receptors DWARF14(D14)and kARRIkIN-INSENSITIVE2(kAI2),together with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mediate SL and kAR responses,respectively,by targeting different SMAX1-LIkE(SMXL)family proteins for *** mechanisms are putatively well-insulated,with D14-MAX2 targeting SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 and kAI2-MAX2 targeting SMAX1 and SMXL2 in Arabidopsis *** evidence challenges this *** investigated whether D14 can target SMAX1 and whether this occurs *** analysis indicates that the SL analog GR24 promotes D14-SMAX1 *** D14 shows weaker interactions with SMAX1 than with SMXL2 or SMXL7,D14 mediates GR24-induced degradation of SMAX1 in *** stress triggers SMAX1 degradation,which is protective,through SL biosynthesis and signaling ***,D14-SMAX1 crosstalk may be beneficial and not simply a vestige of the evolution of the SL pathway.

关键词： phytohormone signaling proteolysis crosstalk