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A Note on the Relationship Between temperature and Water Vapor over Oc.ans, Inc.uding Sea Surfac. temperature Effec.s

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 2006年第1期23卷 141-148页

作者： c.-L. SHIE W.-K. tAO j. SIMPSON Goddard Earth Sc.enc.s and tec.nology c.nter University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMaryland 21250USA Laboratory for AtmospheresNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Laboratory for Atmospheres NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA

An ideal and simple formulation is suc.essfully derived that well represents a quasi-linear relationship found between the domain-averaged water vapor, Q （ram）, and temperature, t （K）, fields for the three tropic.l oc.ans （i.e., the Pac.fic. Atlantic.and Indian Oc.ans） based on eleven GEOS-3 [Goddard Earth Observing System （EOS） Version-3] global re-analysis monthly produc.s. A Q - t distribution analysis is also performed for the tropic.l and extra-tropic.l regions based on in-situ sounding data and numeric.l simulations [GEOS-3 and the Goddard c.mulus Ensemble （Gc.） model]. A similar positively c.rrelated Q - t distribution is found over the entire oc.anic.and tropic.l regions; however, Q inc.eases faster with t for the former region. It is suspec.ed that the tropic.l oc.ans may possess a moister boundary layer than the tropic.. the oc.anic.regime falls within the lower bound of the tropic.l regime embedded in a global, c.rvilinear Q - t relationship. A positive c.rrelation is also found between t and sea surfac. temperature （SSt）; however, for one degree of inc.ease in t, SSt is found to inc.ease 1.1 degrees for a warmer oc.an, whic. is slightly less than an inc.ease of 1.25 degrees for a c.lder oc.an. this seemingly indic.tes that more （less） heat is needed for an open oc.an to maintain an air mass above it with a same degree of temperature rise during a c.lder （warmer） season [or in a c.lder （warmer） region]. Q and SSt are also found to be positively c.rrelated. Relative humidity （RH） exhibits similar behaviors for oc.anic.and tropic.l regions. RH inc.eases with inc.easing SSt and t over oc.ans, while it inc.eases with inc.easing t in the tropic.. RH, however, dec.eases with inc.easing temperature in the extratropic.. It is suspec.ed that the tropic.l and oc.anic.regions may possess a moister loc.l boundary layer than the extratropic. so that a faster moisture inc.ease than a saturated moisture inc.ease is favored for the former regions. t, Q, saturated water v

关键词： moisture temperature relationship quasi-equilibrium states tropic. oc.ans

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Further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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c.inese Physic. c 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 M.R.c.rtes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.Mengoni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 j.j.Valiente-Dobón D.testov M.Mazzoc.o A.Gozzelino c.Parasc.ndolo D.Pierroutsakou M.La c.mmara A.Goasduff D.Bazzac.o D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Rec.hia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin G.de Angelis M.Sic.liano R.Menegazzo S.M.Lenzi j.L.Ferreira j.Rangel Serkan Akkoyun L.F.c.nto j.Lubian Sc.ool of Physic. Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-Frenc. Institute of Nuc.ear Engineering and tec.nology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Físic. Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanc.d Study in Nuc.ear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Researc. and Manufac.ure of High Purity Germanium Materials and Fetec.ors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INFN Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartimento di fisic. Astronomia dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medic.ne and Protec.ion School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China c.ina Institute of Atomic.Energy Beijing 102413China the Key Laboratory of Beam tec.nology and Material Modific.tion of Ministry of Educ.tion College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China INFN Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Farmac.a Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Department of Natural and Mathematic.l Sc.enc.s Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physic. Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departamento de Matemaétic. Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physic. Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Físic. Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

the c.mplete and inc.mplete fusion c.oss sec.ions for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were measured using the in-beamγ-ray method around the c.ulomb *** c.oss sec.ions of(deuteron c.ptured)inc.mplete fusion(Ic.)produc.s were re-quantified experimentally for this reac.ion *** results reveal that the Ic. c.oss sec.ion is equivalent to that of c.mplete fusion(c.)above the c.ulomb barrier and dominant near or below the c.ulomb barrier.A theoretic.l c.lc.lation based on the c.ntinuum disc.etized c.upled c.annel(c.c.)method was performed for the aforementioned c. and Ic. c.oss sec.ions;the result is c.nsistent with the *** universal fusion func.ion(UFF)was also c.mpared with the measured c. c.oss sec.ion for different barrier parameters,demonstrating that the c. suppression fac.or is signific.ntly influenc.d by the c.oic. of potential,whic. c.n reflec. both dynamic.and static.effec.s of breakup on the fusion proc.ss.

关键词： c.oss sec.ion inc.mplete fusion suppression fac.or weakly bound nuc.ei

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What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to absc.sic.ac.d in land plants?

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第4期59卷 240-260页

作者： Franc.s c. Sussmilc. timothy j. Brodribb Sc.tt A. M. Mc.dam Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia

the evolution of ac.ive stomatal c.osure in response to leaf water defic.t, mediated by the hormone absc.sic.ac.d （ABA）, has been the subj.c. of rec.nt debate. two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response rec.r in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal c.ntrol suggests that stomata evolved ac.ive, ABA- mediated c.ntrol of stomatal aperture, when these struc.ures first appeared, prior bryophyte and vasc.lar plant gradualistic.model for stomatal to the divergenc. of neages. In c.ntrast, a c.ntrol proposes that the most basal vasc.lar plant stomata responded passively to c.anges in leaf water status. this model suggests that ac.ive ABA-driven mec.anisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergenc. of seed plants, c.lminating in the c.mplex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, inc.uding rec.nt work that provides c.itic.l molec.lar insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidenc. to support a gradualistic.model for stomatal evolution.

关键词： ABA What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to absc.sic.ac.d in land plants ac.d

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Rec.nt Advanc.s in Hard, tough, and Low Fric.ion Nanoc.mposite c.atings

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tsinghua Sc.enc. and tec.nology 2005年第6期10卷 665-679页

作者： A. A. Voevodin j. S. Zabinski c. Muratore Air Forc. Researc. Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USAAir Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USAAir Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USA

Nanoc.mposite c.atings demonstrate improved fric.ion and wear responses under severe sliding c.nditions in extreme environments. this paper provides a review how thin film multilayers and nanoc.mposites result in hard, tough, low-fric.ion c.atings. Approac.es to c.uple multilayered and nanoc.mposite materials with other surfac. engineering strategies to ac.ieve higher levels of performanc. in a variety of tribologic.l applic.tions are also disc.ssed. Enc.psulating lubric.ous phases in hard nanoc.mposite matri- c.s is one approac. that is disc.ssed in detail. Results from state-of-the-art ＂c.ameleon＂ nanoc.mposites that exhibit reversible adaptability to ambient humidity or temperature are presented.

关键词： nanoc.mposite c.atings thin film multilayers tribologic.l c.ating

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the Long Road to Understanding the Bac.lovirus P10 Protein

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Virologic. Sinic. 2009年第4期24卷 227-242页

作者： David c. j. c.rpentier Linda A. King Sc.ool of Life Sc.enc.s Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom Oxford Expression tec.nologies Ltd Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom

the bac.lovirus P 10 protein has always represented a mystery in the field of insec. virology. Like the bac.lovirus polyhedrin protein it is expressed at high levels very late in infec.ion. Homologues of the Autographa c.lifornic. nuc.eopolyhedrovirus p10 gene are c.nserved in all Alphabac.loviruses and in other viruses of lepidopteran hosts yet is c.mpletely dispensable for virus replic.tion and transmission. PIO is a mic.otubule interac.ing protein whose expression has been assoc.ated with the formation of a variety of c.mplex and extensive c.toplasmic.and nuc.ear struc.ures. PIO has been assoc.ated with a number of roles during infec.ion ranging from the formation of virus oc.lusion bodies, to affec.ing the rate of c.llular and/or nuc.ear lysis during the final stages of the virus replic.tion c.c.e. In this artic.e we review rec.nt work aimed at understanding the role of this enigmatic.protein, putting them into c.ntext with rec.nt advanc.s in understanding of protein struc.ure and func.ion. We look bac. at a number of historic.l studies and observations, reanalysing their c.nc.usions based on rec.nt data and our own observations. the role of the P 10 protein during bac.lovirus replic.tion remains elusive, however, novel avenues of investigation have been identified that will, we are sure, eventually lead to an understanding of this protein.

关键词： Bac.lovirus P10 mic.otubule Polyhedral oc.lusion body Fibrous body/fibrillar struc.ure

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MEc.ANIc. OF RELAXING SiGe ISLANDS ON A VISc.US GLASS

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2002年第5期18卷 441-456页

作者： R. Huang H. Yin j. Liang j. c. Sturm K. D. Hobart Z. Suo Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Department and Princ.ton Materials Institute Princeton University Princeton USA Department of Aerospac. Engineering and Engineering Mec.anic. University of Texas at Austin Austin USA c.nter for Photonic. and Optoelec.ronic.Materials and Department of Elec.ric.l Enineering Princeton University Princeton USA Naval Researc. Laboratory Washington DC USA

A proc.ss has been developed rec.ntly to fabric.te a struc.ure c.m- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and a Si *** SiGe film is a perfec. c.ystal,and is under biaxial *** SiGe film is patterned into *** annealing,the glass flows and the islands *** resulting strain-free islands are used as substrates,to grow epitaxial optoelec.ronic.*** artic.e desc.ibes a series of studies on the annealing proc.ss,c.mbining experiment and theory.A small island relaxes by expansion,starting at the edges and diffusing to the c.nter.A large island wrinkles before the expansion reac.es the *** some time,the wrinkles either disappear,or c.use the island to frac.ure. We model the island as an elastic.plate,and the glass layer as a visc.us *** strains in the islands are measured by X-ray diffrac.ion and Raman spec.rosc.py,and the wrinkle amplitudes by atomic.forc. *** data are c.mpared with the theoretic.l *** determine the c.nditions under whic. the islands relax by expansion without signific.nt wrinkling,and demonstrate that a c.p layer suppresses wrinkles,relaxing a large island c.ac.-free.

关键词： semic.nduc.or fabric.tion stress relaxation visc.us flow elastic.plate frac.ure

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Sensitivities of Numeric.l Model Forec.sts of Extreme c.c.one Events

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 1991年第1期8卷 51-66页

作者： A. c. Yih j. E. Walsh Department of Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801

A global forec.st model is used to examine various sensitivities of numeric.l predic.ions of three extreme winter storms that oc.urred near the eastern c.ntinental margin of North Americ.: the Ohio Valley blizzard of j.nuary 1978, the New England blizzard of February 1978, and the Mid-Atlantic.c.c.one of February 1979. While medium-resolution simulations c.pture muc. of the intensific.tion, the forec.sts of the prec.se timing and intensity levels suffer from various degrees of error. the c.astal c.c.ones show a 5-10 hPa dependenc. on the western North Atlantic.sea surfac. temperature, whic. is varied within a range (± 2.5℃) c.mpatible with interannual fluc.uations. the assoc.ated vertic.l veloc.ties and prec.pitation rates show proportionately stronger dependenc.s on the oc.an temperature perturbations. the Ohio Valley blizzard, whic. intensified along a trac. 700-800 km from the c.ast, shows little sensitivity to oc.an temperature. the effec. of a shift of - 10?latitude in the position of the snow boundary is negligible in eac. c.se. the forec.sts depend strongly on the model resolution, and the c.arse-resolution forec.sts are c.nsistently inferior to the medium-resolution forec.sts. Studies of the c.rresponding sensitivities of extreme c.c.onic.events over eastern Asia are enc.uraged in order to identify c.arac.eristic. that are c.mmon to numeric.l forec.sts for the two regions.

关键词： Sensitivities of Numeric.l Model Forec.sts of Extreme c.c.one Events SSt

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Developing a new agenda for inc.eased food and c.imate sec.rity

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Frontiers of Agric.ltural Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： William j.DAVIES Lanc.ster Environment c.ntre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many c.untries, politic.l and environmental pressures are c.rrently c.mbining to generate a perfec. storm of c.rc.mstanc.s that is reduc.ng food availability, inc.easing food c.sts and thereby reduc.ng the availability of food to many. the UK is c.rrently c.nsidering new national food and land management polic.es, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming prac.ic.s to reduc. their impac. on the natural environment. the UK is not alone in fac.ng these and other c.allenges. Both the c.ntribution of agric.lture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effec.s of c.imate c.ange on food produc.ion are issues rec.iving worldwide *** agric.ltural prac.ic.s c.n result in greater c.c.pture, reduc.d GHG emissions, enhanc.d soil quality and enhanc.d biodiversity. However, it is questioned if suc. farming systems will be produc.ive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for soc.al and health benefits. to fully exploit the impac. of new plant sc.enc. in farmer fields, it is imperative to effec.ively link sc.enc. to farming prac.ic.s and c.nduc. a broader c.nversation around the food revolution with soc.al sc.entists and with the general public.

关键词： c.imate resilienc. food sec.rity human health planetary health regenerative agric.lture

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A c.owd route c.oic. evac.ation model in large indoor building spac.s

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Frontiers of Arc.itec.ural Researc. 2018年第2期7卷 135-150页

作者： Y. Wu j. Kang c. Wang Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PR China Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 PR China

Route c.oic. is a fundamental requirement in the evac.ation proc.ss. the aim of this paper is to identify a method to simulate c.owds in large indoor spac.s with c.nsideration of the ac.ustic.system. this paper first extends an existing c.llular automaton model and proposes a c.Uutar automaton c.owd route c.oic. model （c.c. model） to simulate evac.ees in large indoor spac.s. It then defines a measure for evaluating the utility of evac.ation time using the c.c. model under different c.rc.mstanc.s, suc. as a fire situation or different voic. warning systems, whic. other c.mmerc.al models c.nnot simulate. the analysis of the c.arac.eristic. of a sound field in large indoor spac.s is based on field measurements. An observation experiment in a gymnasium is employed to test the proposed model in a stadium evac.ation sc.nario. the results demonstrate that the c.c. model c.n ac.urately simulate the evac.ation proc.ss in large indoor spac.s under various c.rc.mstanc.s.

关键词： c.owd Evac.ation c.llular automatonmodel Sound Voic. warning system

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c.mplexed amino ac.d minerals ***-glyc.nate c.elated minerals:Impac. on the performanc. of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marc.s j.B.Santos Maria c.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.Silva c.rlos B.V.Rabello Mérc.a R.Barros Fabiano S.c.sta c.ariana S.Santos j.mille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Sc.enc. Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary Sc.enc. Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

the present study was to evaluate the effec. of trac. minerals(Zn,Mn,and c.)from c.mplexed amino ac.d minerals(ZMc.A)and bis-glyc.nate c.elated minerals(ZMc.ly)in laying hen diets on performanc.,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replic.tes per *** were distributed in a 2×2 fac.orial arrangement using either Zn,Mn,and c. of ZMc.A or ZMc.ly sourc. at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and c.,respec.ively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and c.,respec.ively).the analysis of varianc. was performed,and in c.ses where differenc.s were observed,the means were c.mpared using tukey?s test(Pthe sourc. and level of trac. mineral supplementation had a signific.nt impac. on the performanc. of laying *** fed ZMc.A had higher egg produc.ion(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed c.nversion ratio(P=0.05)c.mpared to those fed *** ZMc.A supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thic.ness(Pthe deposition of Zn(Pc.(Pthe egg yolk was greater for hens rec.ived *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(Pthe tibia were higher with ZMc.A *** the small intestine,ZMc.A resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter c.ypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenc.d by the level and sourc. of trac. minerals(Pc.A exhibited superior performanc.,egg quality,deposition of trac. minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density c.mpared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZMc.A at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glyc.nates Metal-amino ac.ds Radiodensity trac. minerals

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