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Carnivore stable carbon isotope niches reflect predator–prey size relationships in African savannas

Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 166-179页

作者： Jacqueline codron Nico L AVENANT Corli WIGLEY-COETSEE daryl codron Mammalogy Department National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Florisbad Quaternary Research Department National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Scientific Services SANParksSkukuzaSouth Africa School of Natural Resource Management Nelson Mandela UniversityGeorge CampusSouth Africa Institute for Geosciences Palaeontology/Sclerochronology Research GroupJohannes Gütenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Predator-prey size relationships are among the most important patterns underlying the structure and function of ecological ***,these relationships have already been shown to be important for understanding patterns of macroevolution and differential extinction in the terrestrial vertebrate fossil *** isotope analysis(SIA)is a powerful remote approach to examining animal diets and *** approach is based on the principle that isotope compositions of consumer tissues reflect those of their *** systems where resource isotope compositions are distributed along a body size gradient,SIA could be used to reconstruct predator-prey size *** analyzed stable carbon isotope distributions amongst mammalian herbivores in extant and Plio-Pleistocene African savanna assemblages,and show that the range ofδ^(13)C values among mammalian prey species(herbivores and rodents)increases with body mass(BM),because C_(4) plant feeding(essentially grazing)is more common among larger ***,δ^(13)C values of mammalian carnivores in these systems are related to species’BM,reflecting a higher average C_(4) prey component in the diets of larger-bodied *** pattern likely emerges because only the largest carnivores in these systems have regular access to the C_(4) prey base,whereas smaller carnivores do ***δ^(13)C-BM relationship observed in mammalian carnivores is a potentially powerful approach for reconstructing and parameterizing predator-prey size relationships in contemporary and fossil savanna assemblages,and for interpreting how various behavioral,ecological and environmental factors influence prey size selection.

关键词： body mass carbonate collagen hair pleistocene

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Stable isotope evidence for trophic niche partitioning in a South African savanna rodent community

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 397-411页

作者： Jacqueline codron Kevin J DUFFY Nico L AVENANT Matt SPONHEIMER Jennifer LEICHLITER Oliver PAINE Paul SANDBERG daryl codron Institute of Systems Science Durban University of Technology Durban South Africa Karoo Palaeontology Deparlnaent National Museum PO Box 266 Bloemfontein 9301 RSA School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 RSA Denartment of Mammalogv. National Museum. PO Box 266. Bloemfontein 9301. RSA Department of Anthropology University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO80309 USA Florisbad Quaternary Research Department National Museum PO Box 266 Bloemfontein 9301 RSA

Species＇ partitioning of resources remains one of the most integral components for understanding community assem- bly. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in animal tissues has the potential to help resolve patterns of partitioning be- cause these proxies represent the individual＇s diet and trophic niche, respectively. Using free-ranging rodents in a southern Afri- can savanna as a model community, we find that syntopic species within habitats occupy distinct isotope niches. Moreover, spe- cies with strongly overlapping isotope niches did not overlap in their spatial distribution patterns, suggesting an underlying effect of competitive exclusion. Niche conservatism appears to characterize the behaviour of most species in our sample - with little or no observed changes across habitats - with the exception of one species, Mastomys coucha. This species displayed a generalist distribution, being found in similar abundances across a variety of habitats. This spatial pattern was coupled with a generalist isotope niche that shifted across habitats, likely in response to changes in species composition over the same spatial gradient. The case for M. coucha supports contentions that past competition effects played a significant evolutionary role in shaping community structures of today, including the absence of strong interspecific niche overlaps within particular habitats. Our study highlights the value of stable isotope approaches to help resolve key questions in community ecology, and moreover introduces novel ana- lytical approaches to quantifying isotope niche breadths and niche overlaps that are easily comparable with traditional metrices

关键词： Competition Diet Niche breadth Niche overlap Sterkfontein Valley

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黑斑羚粪便中碳同位素揭示的食性变化(英文)

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动物学报 2006年第6期52卷 1015-1025页

作者： daryl codron Jacqui codron Julia A. LEE-THORP Matt SPONHEIMER Darryl de RUITER JAMES S. BRINK Department of Archaeology University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch 7701 RSA Florisbad Quaternary Research National Museum PO Box 266 Bloemfontein 9300 RSA Department of Archaeology University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch 7701 RSA Department of Archaeological Sciences Bradford University Bradford BD7 1DP UK Department of Anthropology University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Anthropology University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Anthropology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Florisbad Quaternary Research National Museum PO Box 266 Bloemfontein 9300 RSA Centre for Environmental Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 RSA

利用稳定碳同位素数据(δ13C)分析了南非克鲁格国家公园混食性黑斑羚(Aepyceros melampus)时间和空间尺度上的食性变化,验证了两个假说,即有蹄类食性变化是由生境中木本植物与草本植物的相对配比导致;降雨控制有蹄类生态。结果表明:黑... 详细信息

利用稳定碳同位素数据(δ13C)分析了南非克鲁格国家公园混食性黑斑羚(Aepyceros melampus)时间和空间尺度上的食性变化,验证了两个假说,即有蹄类食性变化是由生境中木本植物与草本植物的相对配比导致;降雨控制有蹄类生态。结果表明:黑斑羚的食性涵盖了精食者-粗食者采食谱系,且食性中木本与草本比例在不同月间、季节、年度和区域间存在很大变化。栖息于开放性热带稀树草原和草原中的黑斑羚通常采食比生境中更高比例的草本,但在时间尺度上并不恒定。在克鲁格北部的一个区域(Punda Maria) ,黑斑羚采食的草本比克鲁格国家公园中其它任何区域都多。与其它生境相比,在河边的黑斑羚采食草本数量更少,尤其是在食性空间变化更为明显的旱季。因此,我们的数据不支持有蹄类食性组成变化是由生境中木本与草本比例不同造成的假说,食性与降雨量间也无明显的关系。我们的结果支持草本中蛋白含量增加引起黑斑羚采食比例的增加这一模型。粪便中氮含量在时间和空间上的变化很小,揭示在可利用食物中,无论木本还是草本,黑斑羚进行选择采食以保证最好的食物质量。基于这些结果,我们认为更具体的食物选择和可利用性最适采食理论能够更好地解释这种生态学变化。

关键词：黑斑羚木本草本食草动物克鲁格公园

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