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Assessing the predictive capabilities of precipitation strengthening models for deformation twinning in Mg alloys using phase-field simulations

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4525-4541页

作者： darshan Bamney Laurent Capolungo Materials Science&Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryUSA

Precipitation strengthening is a key strategy for improving the overall mechanical properties of Mg alloys. In Mg-Al alloys, basal precipitates are known to strengthen against twinning, resulting in an increase in the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS) necessary for continued deformation. Although several models have been proposed to quantify the influence of precipitate shape, size, and distribution on the CRSS, the accuracy, scope, and applicability of these models has not been fully assessed. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are:(i)to analyze the accuracy of analytical models proposed in the literature for precipitation strengthening against twin thickening and propagation(in Mg-Al alloys) using phase-field(PF) simulations,(ii) to propose modifications to these model forms to better capture the observed trends in the PF data, and(iii) to subsequently test the predictiveness of the extended models in extrapolating to experimental strengthening ***, using an atomistically-informed phase-field method, the interactions between migrating twin boundaries(during the propagation and thickening stages) and basal plates are simulated for different precipitate sizes and arrangements. In general, comparison of the increase in CRSS determined from the PF simulations and the predictions from four precipitation strengthening models reveals that modifications are necessary to the model forms to extend their applicability to precipitation strengthening against both twin thickening and propagation. A subsequent comparison between predictions from the extended models and experimental strengthening data for peak age-hardened samples reveals that the(extended) single dislocation and dislocation wall models provide reasonably accurate values of the increase in ***, the results presented here help elucidate the fidelity and applicability of the various hardening models in predicting precipitation strenghtening effects in technologically important alloys.

关键词： Twinning Twin precipitate interactions Strengthening Magnesium alloys Phase field Mechanical behavior

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SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION OF DIAMIDE-DIIMIDE-DIAMINES BASED ON L-CYSTEINE AMINO ACID AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF DIGLYCIDYL ETHER OF BISPHENOL-A(DGEBA)

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第5期27卷 647-658页

作者： darshan Priti Malhotra A.K.Narula School of Basic and Applied Sciences GGS Indraprastha University Chemistry Dept. Daulat Ram CollegeUniversity of Delhi School of Basic and Applied Sciences GGS Indraprastha UniversityKashmere Gate

The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A(DGEBA) with aromatic diamide-diimide-diamines having aryl ether,sulfone and methylene linkages was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Nine diamide-diimide-diamines of varying structure were synthesized by reacting 1 mole of dianhydride with 2 moles of L-cysteine(S) in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine(3:2 V/V) followed by activation with thionyl chloride(SOCl_2) and then condensation with excess of *** characterization...

关键词： Curing Diamide-diimide-diamines DGEBA Thermal stability Char yield.

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Innovative pathways allow safe discharge of mild acute pancreatitis from the emergency room

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1475-1479页

作者： darshan J Kothari Sunil G Sheth Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations in the United States,resulting in 300000 admissions per year with an estimated cost of over$2.6 billion *** severity of AP is determined by the presence of pancreatic complications and end-organ *** moderate/severe pancreatitis can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality,the majority of patients have a mild presentation with an uncomplicated course and mortality rate of less than 2%.Despite favorable outcomes,the majority of mild AP patients are admitted,contributing to healthcare cost and *** this Editorial we review the performance of an emergency department(ED)pathway for patients with mild AP at a tertiary care center with the goal of reducing hospitalizations,resource utilization,and costs after several years of implementation of the *** discuss the clinical course and outcomes of mild AP patients enrolled in the pathway who were successfully discharged from the ED compared to those who were admitted to the hospital,and identify predictors of successful ED discharge to select patients who can potentially be triaged to the *** conclude that by implementing innovative clinical pathways which are established and reproducible,selected AP patients can be safely discharged from the ED,reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs,without compromising clinical *** also identify a subset of patients most likely to succeed in this pathway.

关键词： Emergency department Mild pancreatitis Pathways Hospitalization Predictors

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Pain management in chronic pancreatitis incorporating safe opioid practices: Challenge accepted

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第23期27卷 3142-3147页

作者： Ishani Shah Sunil G Sheth darshan J Kothari Department of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States Department of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States

Patients with chronic pancreatitis often experience severe,unrelenting abdominal pain,which can significantly impact their quality of *** control,therefore,remains central to the overall management of chronic *** of the strategies aimed at treating the pain of chronic pancreatitis are based on expert opinion and vary from one institution to another,as there are no uniform guidelines to direct a stepwise approach towards achieving this *** this editorial,we comment on best practice strategies targeted towards pain control in chronic pancreatitis,specifically highlighting the use of opioid medications in this patient *** discuss various safe and efficacious prescription monitoring practices in this article.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Chronic pain Pain management Opioid use disorder Prescription opioid misuse Prescription opioid abuse

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Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第12期24卷 1069-1092页

作者： Sakura KARUNARATHNE Esther WALKER darshan SHARMA Chengdao LI Yong HAN Western Crop Genetics Alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development South PerthWA6151Australia

Abiotic stresses, predominately drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging, adversely affect cereal crops. They limit barley production worldwide and cause huge economic losses. In barley, functional genes under various stresses have been identified over the years and genetic improvement to stress tolerance has taken a new turn with the introduction of modern geneediting platforms. In particular, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9) is a robust and versatile tool for precise mutation creation and trait improvement. In this review, we highlight the stress-affected regions and the corresponding economic losses among the main barley producers. We collate about 150 key genes associated with stress tolerance and combine them into a single physical map for potential breeding practices. We also overview the applications of precise base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing technologies for targeted trait modification, and discuss current challenges including high-throughput mutant genotyping and genotype dependency in genetic transformation to promote commercial breeding. The listed genes counteract key stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, and the potential application of the respective gene-editing technologies will provide insight into barley improvement for climate resilience.

关键词： Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) Gene function Drought Genetic improvement Transcription regulation Breeding

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Investigating the Evolution of Amati Parameters with Redshift

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 188-200页

作者： Meghendra Singh darshan Singh Kanhaiya Lal Pandey Dinkar Verma Shashikant Gupta Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited New Delhi 110001India GD Goenka University Gurugram 122103India Department of Physics Mata Raj Kaur Institute of Engineering and TechnologyRewari 123401India Department of Physics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.

关键词： Cosmology gamma rays:general (cosmology:)large-scale structure of universe galaxies:high-redshift

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The Impact of Retrofitting Work on Awareness Raising and Knowledge Transfer in Aceh Province,Indonesia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2013年第4期4卷 182-189页

作者： Hari darshan Shrestha Jishnu Subedi Ryuichi Yatabe Netra Prakash Bhandary Department of Civil Engineering Institute of EngineeringTribhuvan UniversityPulchowkKathmanduNepal Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaEhime 790-8577Japan

Some of the buildings in Aceh Province,Indonesia constructed after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster were found *** vulnerable buildings were retrofitted to make them safer and child *** the Children,one of the implementing agencies,assumed that the process of retrofitting would attract interest from the communities,raise their earthquake awareness,stimulate earthquake safe construction practices,and contribute to earthquake disaster risk *** was also assumed that the retrofitting process would benefit the communities through knowledge transfer of safer construction *** assess the impact on awareness and knowledge transfer of the retrofitting work carried out by Save the Children from 2005 to 2008,a survey was carried out in 2009.A total of 104 people who were directly involved in the retrofitting/rehabilitation process were *** survey covered four districts in Aceh Province,Indonesia where schools,health facilities,and houses were *** survey results show that the respondents felt that the impact of retrofitting work on transferring knowledge in the communities was not ***,the respondents felt that the retrofitting work had a definite impact on raising awareness of disaster risks and measures for disaster risk reduction.

关键词： disaster fitted Impact

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Role of nucleic acid sensing in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第10期12卷 1655-1673页

作者： darshan Badal Naresh Sachdeva Deep Maheshwari Preetam Basak Department of Pediatrics Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

During infections,nucleic acids of pathogens are also engaged in recognition via several exogenous and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors,such as the toll-like receptors,retinoic acid inducible gene-I-like receptors,and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like *** binding of the pathogen-derived nucleic acids to their corresponding sensors initiates certain downstream signaling cascades culminating in the release of type-I interferons(IFNs),especially IFN-αand other cytokines to induce proinflammatory responses towards invading pathogens leading to their clearance from the *** these sensors are hardwired to recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns,like viral and bacterial nucleic acids,under unusual physiological conditions,such as excessive cellular stress and increased apoptosis,endogenous self-nucleic acids like DNA,RNA,and mitochondrial DNA are also *** presence of these self-nucleic acids in extranuclear compartments or extracellular spaces or their association with certain proteins sometimes leads to the failure of discriminating mechanisms of nucleic acid sensors leading to proinflammatory responses as seen in autoimmune disorders,like systemic lupus erythematosus,psoriasis and to some extent in type 1 diabetes(T1D).This review discusses the involvement of various nucleic acid sensors in autoimmunity and discusses how aberrant recognition of self-nucleic acids by their sensors activates the innate immune responses during the pathogenesis of T1D.

关键词： Nucleic acid sensing Type 1 diabetes Pattern recognition receptors Nucleic acid receptors Type 1 interferon Beta cells

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Bone disease in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第9期8卷 1574-1579页

作者： Awais Ahmed Aman Deep Sunil G Sheth darshan J Kothari Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215United States Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States

Bone disease(osteopenia or osteoporosis)is a highly prevalent condition in society and presents a tremendous,preventable public health *** procedures,such as,dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans,have allowed early identification and intervention to improve bone health,and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures,which carry significant morbidity and *** association of bone disease has been recognized in several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,resulting in established guidelines for screening in patients with malabsorptive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac ***,the risk of bone disease has been recognized in patients with chronic pancreatitis(CP),who share similar risk factors as patients with other high gastrointestinal *** a result,there have been a number of studies examining the prevalence and risks of bone disease and fractures in patients with *** review aims to summarize the recent literature and current recommendations related to bone disease in CP.

关键词： Bone disease Osteopenia Osteoporosis Fracture risk Chronic pancreatitis Malabsorption

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Quieting the neonatal intensive care unit:A quality improvement initiative

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第3期13卷 53-60页

作者： darshan Rajatadri Rangaswamy Niranjan Kamble Amulya Veeramachaneni Department of Pediatrics Subbaiah Institute of Medical SciencesShimoga 577222KarnatakaIndia

BACKGROUND The neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)is vital for preterm infants but is often plagued by harmful noise *** noise,ranging from medical equipment to conversations,poses significant health risks,including hearing impairment and neurodevelopmental *** American Academy of Pediatrics recommends strict sound limits to safeguard neonatal *** such as education,environmental modifications,and quiet hours have shown to reduce noise ***,up to 60%of the noises remain *** noise exposure exacerbates physiological disturbances,impacting vital functions and long-term neurological *** noise reduction in the NICU is crucial for promoting optimal neonatal *** To measure the sound levels in a NICU and reduce ambient sound levels by at least 10%from *** A quasi-experimental quality improvement project was conducted over 4 mo in a 20-bed level 3 NICU in a tertiary care medical *** noise levels were recorded continuously using a sound level *** interventions included targeted education,environmental modifications,and organizational changes,and were implemented through three rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act(PDSA)*** feedback and monitoring were conducted,and statistical process control charts were used for *** mean noise values were compared using the paired *** The baseline mean ambient noise level in the NICU was 67.8 dB,which decreased to 50.5 dB after the first cycle,and further decreased to 47.4 dB and 51.2 dB after subsequent *** reduction in noise levels was 21%during the day and 28%PDSA cycle(mean difference of−17.3 dB,P<0.01).Peak noise levels decreased from 110 dB to 88.24 dB after the *** A multifaceted intervention strategy reduced noise in the NICU by 25%over 4 *** success of this initiative emphasizes the significance of comprehensive interventions for noise reduction.

关键词： Quality improvement Noise pollution Preterm care Sound measurement Plan-Do-Study-Act

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