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Sur.ical ampullectomy:A compr.hensive r.view

Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Sur.er. 2021年第11期13卷 1338-1350页

作者： darren L Scr.ggie Vasileios K Mavr.eidis Depar.ment of Population Health Sciences Bristol Centre for Surgical ResearchBristol Medical SchoolBristol BS82PSUnited Kingdom Depar.ment of HPB Sur.er. University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Depar.ment of Sur.er. The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Tumour. of the ampulla of Vater.ar. r.latively uncommon lesions of the digestive *** ar. typically diagnosed at an ear.ier.stage than other.types of tumour. in this r.gion,due to their.tendency to invoke symptoms by obstr.cting the bile duct or.pancr.atic ***,many ar. potentially cur.ble by *** ampullectomy(SA)(or.tr.nsduodenal ampullectomy)for.an ampullar. tumour.was fir.t descr.bed in 1899,but was soon sur.assed by pancr.atoduodenectomy(PD),which offer.d a mor. extensive r.section r.sulting in a lower.r.sk of *** innovation in endoscopic techniques over.r.cent decades has led to the popular.zation of endoscopic papillectomy(EP),par.icular.y for.adenomas and even ear.y *** vast major.ty of r.sectable ampullar. tumour. ar. now tr.ated using either.PD or.***,SA continues to play a r.le in specific *** author. have suggested specific indications for.SA based on their.own data,pr.ctices,or.inter.r.tations of the ***,cer.ain issues have attr.cted contr.ver.y,such as its use for.ear.y ampullar. ***,ther. has been a lack of clar.ty r.gar.ing indications for.SA,and no evidence-based consensus guidelines have been *** studies r.por.ing SA have employed obser.ational designs,and have been heter.geneous in their.***,char.cter.stics of patients and their.tumour. have differ.d substantially acr.ss tr.atment ***,meaningful compar.sons of clinical outcomes between SA,PD and EP have been ***,it appear. that suitably selected cases of ampullar. tumour. subjected to SA may benefit fr.m favour.ble per.-oper.tive and long-ter. outcomes with ver. low mor.ality and significantly long sur.ival,hence its r.le in this setting war.ants fur.her.clar.fication,while it can also be useful in the management of specific benign *** the commissioning of a r.ndomised contr.lled tr.al seems unlikely,well-designed obse

关键词： Ampulla of Vater Ampullar. tumour. Sur.ical ampullectomy Tr.nsduodenal ampullectomy Endoscopic papillectomy Pancr.atoduodenectomy

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Size-Dependent Gold Nanopar.icle Inter.ction at Nano–Micr. Inter.ace Using Both Monolayer.and Multilayer.Tissue-Like) Cell Models

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Nano-Micr. Letter. 2016年第1期8卷 44-53页

作者： darren Yohan Char.ainne Cr.je Xiaofeng Lu Devika B.Chithr.ni Depar.ment of Physics Ryerson University Keenan r.sear.h Centr. Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael’s Hospital

Gold nanopar.icles(GNPs) ar. emer.ing as a novel tool to impr.ve existing cancer.ther.peutics. GNPs ar. being used as r.diation dose enhancer. in r.diation ther.py as well as anticancer.dr.gs car.ier. in chemother.py. However.the success of GNP-based ther.peutics depends on their.ability to penetr.te tumor.tissue. GNPs of 20 and 50 nm diameter. wer. used to elucidate the effects of size on the GNP inter.ction with tumor.cells at monolayer.and multilayer.level. At monolayer.cell level, smaller.NPs had a lower.uptake compar.d to lar.er.NPs at monolayer.cell level. However. the or.er.was r.ver.ed at tissue-like multilayer.level. The smaller.NPs penetr.ted better.compar.d to lar.er.NPs in tissue-like *** on our.study using tissue-like mater.als, we can pr.dict that the smaller.NPs ar. better.for.futur. ther.peutics due to their.gr.ater.penetr.tion in tumor.tissue once leaving the leaky blood vessels. In this study, tissue-like multilayer.cellular.str.ctur.s(MLCs) wer. gr.wn to model the post-vascular.tumor.envir.nment. The MLCs exhibited a much mor. extensive extr.cellular.matr.x than monolayer.cell cultur.s. The MLC model can be used to optimize the nano–micr. inter.ace at tissue level befor. moving into animal models. This would acceler.te the use of NPs in futur. cancer.ther.peutics.

关键词： Gold nanopar.icles Multilayer cellular str.ctur.s Tissue penetr.tion Hyper spectr.l imaging Size dependence

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花朵和果实都在地下的植物

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中学生英语 2024年第31期 30-30页

作者： darren Incor.aia 张宁

Some plants hide its flowers or.fr.its *** bur.ing both is r.ally *** scientists find a palm2which is not only shor.,but also gr.ws its flowers and fr.it entir.ly *** locals know the *** even dug it up to eat its bur.ed fr.it as a snack.有些植物会将其花朵或果实藏在地下。但是将两者都藏在地下的真的很罕见。科学家们发现了一种棕榈,它不仅矮小,而且花朵和果实完全长在地下。当地人知道这种棕榈树。有些人甚至把它埋在地里的果实当做零食挖出来吃。

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Deposition behavior.of r.sidual aluminum in dr.nking water.distr.bution system：Effect of aluminum speciation

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 142-151页

作者： Yue Zhang Baoyou Shi Yuanyuan Zhao Mingquan Yan darren A.Lytle Dongsheng Wang Key Labor.tor. of Dr.nking Water.Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. College of Envir.nmental Sciences and Engineer.ng Peking University Beijing 100871 China U.S. Envir.nmental Pr.tection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA

Finished dr.nking water.usually contains some r.sidual *** deposition of r.sidual aluminum in distr.bution systems and potential r.lease back to the dr.nking water.could significantly influence the water.quality at consumer.taps.A pr.liminar. analysis of aluminum content in cast ir.n pipe cor.osion scales and loose deposits demonstr.ted that aluminum deposition on distr.bution pipe sur.aces could be excessive for.water.tr.ated by aluminum coagulants including polyaluminum chlor.de（PACl）.In this wor.,the deposition featur.s of differ.nt aluminum species in PACl wer. investigated by simulated coil-pipe test,batch r.actor.test and quar.z cr.stal micr.balance with dissipation *** deposition amount of non-polymer.c aluminum species was the least,and its deposition layer.was soft and hydr.ted,which indicated the possible for.ation of amor.hous Al（OH）***（13） had the highest deposition tendency,and the deposition layer.was r.gid and much less hydr.ted,which indicated that the deposited aluminum might possess r.gular.str.ctur. and self-aggr.gation of Al（13）could be the main deposition *** for.Al（30）,its deposition was r.latively slower.and deposited aluminum amount was r.latively less compar.d with Al（13）.However.the total deposited mass of Al（30） was much higher.than that of Al（13）,which was attr.buted to the deposition of par.iculate aluminum matter. with much higher.hydr.tion *** with stationar. condition,stir.ing could significantly enhance the deposition pr.cess,while the effect of pH on deposition was r.latively weak in the near.neutr.l r.nge of 6.7 to 8.7.

关键词： Aluminum deposition Dr.nking water.distr.bution system Polyaluminum chlor.de (PACl) Quar.z cr.stal micr.balance

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Psychological, social, and sexual challenges affecting men r.ceiving male infer.ility tr.atment: a systematic r.view and implications for.clinical car.

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2023年第4期25卷 448-453页

作者： Winston Wu Justin La Kathr.n M Schubach Daniel Lantsber. darren J Katz Depar.ment of Ur.logy Western HealthSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Depar.ment of Ur.logy Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical CenterSan RafaelCA 94903USA Men’s Health Melbour.e MelbourneVIC 3000Australia r.pr.ductive Ser.ices Unit The Royal Women’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Melbour.e IVF East MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Depar.ment of Sur.er. Western PrecinctUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

In r.cent year., social r.sear.h sur.ounding the consequences of infer.ility has incr.asingly focused on the male per.pective;however. a gap exists in the under.tanding of men’s exper.ences of male infer.ility tr.atment. This r.view aims to synthesize theexisting evidence concer.ing the psychological, social, and sexual bur.en of male infer.ility tr.atment on men, as well as patientneeds dur.ng clinical car.. A systematic sear.h identified 12 studies that ar. diver.e in design, setting, and methods. Psychologicalevaluations have found that ur.logical sur.er. may have a lasting impact on infer.ility-specific str.ss, and tr.atment failur. canlead to feelings of depr.ssion, gr.ef, and inadequacy. Men tended to have an avoidant coping mechanism thr.ughout fer.ilitytr.atment, and their.self-esteem, r.lationship quality, and sexual functions can be tied to outcomes of tr.atment. Par.ner.bonds canbe str.ngthened by mutual suppor. and enhanced communication;couple separ.tion, however. has been noted as a pr.dominantr.ason for.discontinuing male infer.ility tr.atment and may be associated with difficult cir.umstances sur.ounding sever. maleinfer.ility. Sur.ical tr.atments can affect the sexual functioning of infer.ile men;however. the impact of testicular.sper. extr.ctionoutcomes appear. to be psychologically dr.ven wher.as the impr.vements after.micr.sur.ical var.cocelectomy ar. only evident inhypogonadal men. Clinically, ther. is a need for.better.inclusion, communication, education, and r.sour.e pr.vision, to addr.ssr.por.ed issues of mar.inalization and uncer.ainty in men. r.utine psychosocial scr.ening in cases of sever. male infer.ility andfollow-up in cases of sur.ical tr.atment failur. ar. likely beneficial.

关键词： male infer.ility male infer.ility tr.atment patient exper.ence patient-center.d car. psychosocial sexual

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The neur.l cir.uit basis of r.tt syndr.me

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Fr.ntier. of physics 2012年第5期7卷 428-435页

作者： darren GOFFIN Zhaolan (Joe) ZHOU Depar.ment of Genetics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 450 Clinical Research Building 415 Curie Boulevard PhiladelphiaPA 19104 USA

r.tt syndr.me is an Autism Spectr.m Disor.er.caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding pr.tein （MeCP2）. Following a per.od of nor.al development, patients lose lear.ed communication and motor.skills, and develop a number.of symptoms including motor.distur.ances, cognitive impair.ents and often seizur.s. In this r.view, we discuss the r.le of MeCP2 in r.gulating synaptic function and how synaptic dysfunctions lead to neur.nal networ. impair.ents and alter.tions in sensor. infor.ation pr.cessing. We pr.pose that r.tt syndr.me is a disor.er.of neur.l cir.uits as a r.sult of non-linear.accumulated dysfunction of synapses at the level of individual cell populations acr.ss multiple neur.tr.nsmitter.systems and br.in r.gions.

关键词： r.tt syndr.me MeCP2 neur.l cir.uit Er. synapse

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Auto-inflammator. diseases in ileal pouch patients with NOD2/CAr.15 mutations

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Gastr.enter.logy r.por. 2016年第1期4卷 73-76,I0003页

作者： darren N.Ser.l Qingping Yao Bo Shen Division of Gastr.enter.logy/Hepatology Albany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew YorkUSA Depar.ments of r.eumatic and Immunologic Disease The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy/Hepatology The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA

Pouchitis is common in ulcer.tive colitis patients under.oing total pr.ctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis,and chr.nic antibiotic-r.fr.ctor. pouchitis occur. in a subgr.up of the ***-inflammator. diseases ar. char.cter.zed by systemic inflammation,manifesting as per.odic fever.r.sh,ar.hr.tis,and *** descr.be two cases with ulcer.tive colitis and an ileal pouch,who pr.sented with extr.-intestinal manifestations and genetic featur.s atypical for.inflammator. bowel disease *** 1 had a spectr.m of clinical manifestations including r.fr.ctor. pouchitis,inter.ittent fever.,polyar.hr.lgia,and *** 2 pr.sented with or.l ulcer.,migr.tor. oligoar.hr.tis,and per.odic papular.*** testing in both cases r.vealed mutations of the NOD2/CAr.15 gene,including the IVS8þ158 mutation commonly detected among patients with NOD2-associated auto-inflammator. *** of the patients demonstr.ted clinical impr.vement of these diver.e systemic complaints following tr.atment with immunosuppr.ssive and anti-inflammator. ther.pies.

关键词： auto-inflammation ileal pouch pouchitis r.stor.tive pr.ctocolectomy ulcer.tive colitis

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Fitting quadr.cs with a Bayesian pr.or

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Computational Visual Media 2016年第2期2卷 107-117页

作者： Daniel Beale Yong-Liang Yang Neill Campbell darren Cosker.Peter.Hall Univer.ity of Bath

Quadr.cs ar. a compact mathematical for.ulation for.a r.nge of pr.mitive sur.aces. A pr.blem ar.ses when ther. ar. not enough data points to compute the model but knowledge of the shape is available. This paper.pr.sents a method for.fitting a quadr.c with a Bayesian pr.or. We use a matr.x nor.al pr.or.in or.er.to favour.ellipsoids when fitting to ambiguous data. The r.sults show the algor.thm copes well when ther. ar. few points in the point cloud,competing with contempor.r. techniques in the ar.a.

关键词： geometr. statistics gr.phics computer vision

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Fur.her.geological and palaeoanthr.pological investigations at the Maludong hominin site, Yunnan Pr.vince, Southwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第35期58卷 4472-4485页

作者： JI XuePing CUr.OE darren BAO ZhenDe HEr.IES Andy I r.FINK David ZHU YunSheng HELLSTr.M John LUO Yun TACON Paul S C Yunnan Institute of Cultur.l r.lics and Ar.haeology School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia Mengzi Institute of Cultur.l r.lics Ar.haeomagnetism Labor.tor. Archaeology Program School of Historical and European Studies La Trobe University Melbourne 3086 Australia Institute for.Envir.nmental r.sear.h Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Sydney 2001 Australia Honghe Pr.fectur.l Institute of Cultur.l r.lics School of Ear.h Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Australia Place Evolution and Rock Art Heritage Unit School of Humanities Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia

Thr.e-dimensional mapping and section wor. under.aken by us in 2008 have identified 11 str.tigr.phic units at Maludong *** r.diocar.on dating of char.oal established an accur.te and inter.ally consistent age pr.file for.the sequence of 17.8±0.2 ka to 13.2±0.1 *** analysis showed changes in exter.ally der.ved pedogenically enhanced mater.al consistent with a war.ing in climate between the cold per.od of Henr.ch Event 1 and the B lling-Aller.d *** r.mains r.cover.d dur.ng the 1989 excavation wer. der.ved fr.m a deposit dating to this inter.tadial,or.between 14.3±0.3 ka and 13.5±0.1 *** featur.s,including bur.t r.cks,baked sediment and thick char.oal and ash layer.,wer. identified and examined thr.ugh ar.haeomagnetic *** monkey fossils ar. descr.bed her.,one of them being r.assigned fr.m Macaca r.bustus to *** confir. the young age of the site and also show signs of anthr.pogenic alter.tion in the for. of *** human cr.nial r.mains ar. r.por.ed for.the fir.t time and new data ar. pr.vided for.some specimens descr.bed pr.viously.A r.nge of new featur.s is identified that str.ngthen the affinities of the Maludong r.mains to ar.haic *** pr.sence of this globally unique mosaic of ar.haic and moder. featur.s r.ises impor.ant questions about human evolutionar. histor. in East Asia dur.ng the Late Upper.Pleistocene.

关键词：古人类遗址中国西南地区古人类学云南省地质地层单位三维制图年龄分布

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Effect of cor.osion inhibiting compounds on the cor.osion behaviour.of pur. magnesium and the magnesium alloys EV31A, WE43B and ZE41A

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Jour.al of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 432-455页

作者： Akif Soltan Matthew S.Dar.usch Zhiming Shi Fiona Jones Bar.y Wood darren Ger.ar. Andr.j Atr.ns School of Mechanical and Mining Engineer.ng The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld 4072Australia UQ Mater.als Per.or.ance The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld 4072Australia Centr. for.Micr.scopy and Micr.analysis The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld 4072Australia Defence Mater.als Technology Centr. DMTC LimitedLevel 224 Wakefield StreetHawthornVic 3122Australia Defence Science and Technology Gr.up 506 Lorimer StreetFishermans BendVic 3207Australia

This paper.studied cor.osion of pur. Mg and the Mg alloys EV31A,WE43B,ZE41A,coated with commer.ial cor.osion inhibiting compounds(CICs)(LPS 3,LPS2,AMLGuar.,Ar.r.x 3961)immer.ed in 3.5 wt%(0.6M)Na Cl solution satur.ted with Mg(OH)_(2).All four.CICs r.duced cor.osion *** 3 r.sulted in zer. cor.osion r.tes and 100%inhibition in most *** 2 and AMLGuar. had compar.ble inhibition efficiencies,whilst Ar.r.x 3961 had the lowest inhibition *** in cor.osion r.tes was tentatively attr.buted to bar.ier.films for.ed by chemical adsor.tion for.LPS 3 and AMLGuar.,and by physical adsor.tion for.LPS2 and Ar.r.x 3961.

关键词： Magnesium Weight loss Hydr.gen evolution XPS FTIr Cor.osion inhibition

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