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Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indris Indri indri

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 41-49页

作者： Giovanni Spezie Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Chiara De Gregorio daria valente Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology School of Nature SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly

Indris Indri indri are group-living lemurs that occupy stable territories over several years and perform remarkable long-distance vocal displays.Vocal exchanges between long-term territory neighbors may contribute to assessing reciprocal resource-holding potentials, thus adaptivelyreducing the costs of territorial defense by limiting aggressive escalation. Previous work showed that indris’ songs show distinctive acousticfeatures at individual and group level. However, the possibility that indris use such cues for individual or group-level recognition has never beeninvestigated experimentally. We conducted a playback experiment to test whether indris discriminate between familiar and nonfamiliar songs.Our rationale lies in the hypothesis of the dear enemy phenomenon, which predicts that territorial animals will show reduced aggression levelstoward familiar neighbors compared with novel rivals. We played back stimulus recordings to wild indris from their territory boundaries andexamined their responses in terms of vocal and behavioral indicators of willingness to engage in a fight. In line with our predictions, focal animals responded more rapidly and approached more often the speaker in response to playback stimuli of nonfamiliar individuals than to stimuliof neighboring groups. These results indicate that indris can discriminate between different classes of intruders based on distinctive acousticfeatures of their song choruses. We suggest that increased aggression directed toward unfamiliar intruders may be explained by higher threatlevels associated with dispersal and group formation dynamics. We further discuss the relevance of these findings in a strepsirrhine primatemodel for comparative studies of vocal communication and sociality.

关键词： acoustic communication dear-enemy effect neighbor-stranger discrimination primate communication song territoriality

Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 89-97页

作者： Chiara De Gregorio Anna Zanoli daria valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universita di Torino via Accademia Albertina Torino Italia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale Universita di Parma Parma Italia Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar Departement de Anthropobiologie et Developpement Durable Universite d'Antananarivo Faculte des Sciences Antananarivo Madagascar

Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关键词： chorus coordination duets lemurs singing synchrony

Born to sing!Song development in a singing primate

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 597-608页

作者： Chiara DE GREGORIO Filippo CARUGATI Vittoria ESTIENNE daria valente Teresa RAIMONDI Valeria TORTI Longondraza MIARETSOA Jonah RATSIMBAZAFY Marco GAMBA Cristina GIACOMA Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torinovia Accademia Albertina 13Torino 10125Italy Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar(GERP) BP 779–Antananarivo 101Madagascar

In animal vocal communication,the development of adult-like vocalization is fundamental to interact appropriately with conspecifics.However,the factors that guide ontogenetic changes in the acoustic features remain poorly understood.In contrast with a historical view of nonhuman primate vocal production as substantially innate,recent research suggests that inheritance and physiological modification can only explain some of the developmental changes in call structure during growth.A particular case of acoustic communication is the indris’singing behavior,a peculiar case among Strepsirrhine primates.Thanks to a decade of intense data collection,this work provides the first long-term quantitative analysis on song development in a singing primate.To understand the ontogeny of such a complex vocal output,we investigated juvenile and sub-adult indris’vocal behavior,and we found that young individuals started participating in the chorus years earlier than previously reported.Our results indicated that spectro-temporal song parameters underwent essential changes during growth.In particular,the age and sex of the emitter influenced the indris’vocal activity.We found that frequency parameters showed consistent changes across the sexes,but the temporal features showed different developmental trajectories for males and females.Given the low level of morphological sexual dimorphism and the marked differences in vocal behavior,we hypothesize that factors like social influences and auditory feedback may affect songs’features,resulting in high vocal flexibility in juvenile indris.This trait may be pivotal in a species that engages in choruses with rapid vocal turn-taking.

关键词： duet flexibility juveniles lemurs ontogeny rhythm

K^(+) channel-mediated retarded maturation of interneurons and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1403-1404页

作者： Kaizhen Li daria Savitska Olga Garaschuk Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience Department of PhysiologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Institute of Physiology Department of NeurophysiologyEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany

De novo mutations in genes encoding K^(+)channels are implicated in many severe neurodevelopmental disorders.Specifically,mutations in KCNA2,encoding the Shaker-type voltage-gated K^(+)channel Kv1.2,and KCNJ2,encoding the inwardly rectifying K^(+)channel Kir2.1,associate with focal and generalized epilepsies,brain atrophy,autism,ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia(Syrbe et al.,2015;Masnada et al.,2017;Cheng et al.,2021).

关键词： disorders atrophy

High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch Eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec Robert E.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved properties.The study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random structures.The composite materials were obtained through injection moulding.The study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal properties.SEM microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the samples.The addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat polymer.The greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Hyperbranched and Linear Polysaccharides: Fucoidan/Chitosan

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 468-479页

作者： Ekaterina R.Gasilova daria N.Poshina Aleksandra O.Sitnikova Natalia N.Saprykina Yury A.Skorik Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi VO 31St.Petersburg199004Russian Federation

Polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)of hyperbranched(HB)and linear polysaccharides are promising as more effective encapsulation agents compared to PECs formed by linear polysaccharides.We investigated the PECs between the HB anionic polysaccharide fucoidan(FUC)and the cationic linear polysaccharide chitosan(CS).The FUC had a molecular weight(MW)of 30×106.The PECs were prepared in three solvents(water,0.01 and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid)with CS of MW of 15,110 and 170 kDa,and deacetylation degrees(DDA)of 70%and 97%.The structures of the PECs and the initial FUC were investigated by multi-angle static and dynamic light scattering.As the FUC contained 18 wt%of—OSO3 groups and 5 wt%of uronic acid units,it was a“strong-weak”copolyanion,so the HB macromolecules of the FUC formed nanogel particles in 0.1 mol/L AcOH and open branched structures in water,as confirmed by the Kratky plots.After mixing the solutions of original components,the PEC structures underwent an equilibration period,the duration of which increased with the MW of CS.As the charge stoichiometry was approached,the PECs shrank;the fractal dimension approached unity,indicating the side-by-side packing of adjacent FUC branches with the help of CS.Secondary aggregation in the vicinity of the charge compensation was hardly observed,as it occurred in a very narrow region.The PEC content at theζ-potential inversion depended on solvents’pH and the DDA of CS.In the extreme case of core-shell PECs in 0.1 mol/L AcOH,obtained by mixing FUC nanogels with the solutions of high MW CS of 97%DDA,the protruding tails of CS formed a positively charged shell in the whole range of FUC content(10 wt%

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complexes Chitosan Hyperbranched fucoidan Light scattering

Polariton lasing in Mie-resonant perovskite nanocavity

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第4期7卷 27-42页

作者： Mikhail A.Masharin daria Khmelevskaia Valeriy I.Kondratiev daria I.Markina Anton D.Utyushev Dmitriy M.Dolgintsev Alexey D.Dmitriev Vanik A.Shahnazaryan Anatoly P.Pushkarev Furkan Isik Ivan V.Iorsh Ivan A.Shelykh Hilmi V.Demir Anton K.Samusev Sergey V.Makarov UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology National Nanotechnology Research CenterDepartment of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringDepartment of PhysicsBilkent UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey ITMO University School of Physics and EngineeringSt.Petersburg 197101Russia Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics MIPTDolgoprudnyiMoscow Region 141701Russia LUMINOUS!Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Science Institute University of IcelandDunhagi 3IS-107ReykjavikIceland Experimentelle Physik 2 Technische Universität DortmundDortmund 44227Germany Qingdao Innovation and Development Center Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao 266000China

Deeply subwavelength lasers(or nanolasers)are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale.One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dimensions shorter than the emitting wavelength in the visible range is the high lasing thresholds and the resulting overheating.Here we ex-ploit exciton-polariton condensation and mirror-image Mie modes in a cuboid CsPbBr3 nanoparticle to achieve coherent emission at the visible wavelength of around 0.53μm from its ultra-small(≈0.007μm3 or≈λ3/20)semiconductor nanocav-ity.The polaritonic nature of the emission from the nanocavity localized in all three dimensions is proven by direct com-parison with corresponding one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguiding systems with similar material parameters.Such a deeply subwavelength nanolaser is enabled not only by the high values for exciton binding energy(≈35 meV),re-fractive index(>2.5 at low temperature),and luminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3,but also by the optimization of po-laritons condensation on the Mie resonances with quality factors improved by the metallic substrate.Moreover,the key parameters for optimal lasing conditions are intermode free spectral range and phonons spectrum in CsPbBr3,which govern polaritons condensation path.Such chemically synthesized colloidal CsPbBr3 nanolasers can be potentially de-posited on arbitrary surfaces,which makes them a versatile tool for integration with various on-chip systems.

关键词： nanolaser perovskite polariton Mie resonance exciton-polariton

In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jen? Gubicza Kristián Máthis Péter Nagy Péter Jenei Zoltán Heged?s Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of Materials Physics Faculty of Science E?tv?s Loránd University Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation（RSRC） technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application potential. This material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers（CALs） and nanoplates（CANaPs）, or complete long period stacking ordered（LPSO） phase. In order to reveal the deformation mechanisms, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9% Zn-2.05% Y-0.15%Al（at%） alloy. For uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance, additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400 ℃ for 2 h. The heat treatment at 300 ℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure, its evolution during tension and, thus, the overall deformation behavior under tensile loading. On the other hand,annealing at 400 ℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density, leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical strength. The maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20 × 1014m-2. The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basaland pyramidaltypes, what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation maps. It was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value, which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaPs/LPSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase Cluster arranged nanoplates (CANaPs) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

Increasingβ-hexosaminidase A activity using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 212-219页

作者： Alisa A.Shaimardanova daria S.Chulpanova Valeriya V.Solovуeva Shaza S.Issa Aysilu I.Mullagulova Angelina A.Titova Yana O.Mukhamedshina Anna V.Timofeeva Alexander M.Aimaletdinov Islam R.Nigmetzyanov Albert A.Rizvanov Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia Department of Histology Cytology and EmbryologyKazan State Medical UniversityKazanRussia

GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disorde rs.These diseases result from a deficiency of lysosomal enzymeβ-hexosaminidase A(HexA),which is responsible for GM2 ganglioside degradation.HexA deficiency causes the accumulation of GM2-gangliosides mainly in the nervous system cells,leading to severe progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.To date,there is no treatment for these diseases.Cell-mediated gene therapy is considered a promising treatment for GM2 gangliosidoses.This study aimed to evaluate the ability of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs-HEXA-HEXB)to restore HexA deficiency in Tay-Sachs disease patient cells,as well as to analyze the functionality and biodistribution of MSCs in vivo.The effectiveness of HexA deficiency cross-correction was shown in mutant MSCs upon intera ction with MSCs-HEXA-HEXB.The results also showed that the MSCs-HEXA-HEXB express the functionally active HexA enzyme,detectable in vivo,and intravenous injection of the cells does not cause an immune response in animals.These data suggest that genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells have the potentials to treat GM2 gangliosidoses.

关键词： adeno-associated viral vectors cell therapy cell-mediated gene therapy gene therapy GM2 gangliosidosis Sandhoff disease Tay-Sachs disease β-hexosaminidase