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Preclinical models in ophthalmic oncology-a narrative review

Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 59-73页

作者： daria lehrmann Nasrin Refaian Michael Simon Alexander C.Rokohl Ludwig M.Heindl Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Integrated Oncology(CIO) Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-DüsseldorfCologneGermany

Objective:This review serves as a comprehensive description and summary of currently available preclinical models of three tumors in ophthalmic oncology:conjunctival melanoma(CM),uveal melanoma(UM),and ***:Malignant melanomas are the most common tumors of the eye in adults,most often localized in the uvea and *** the primary tumor can be successfully eliminated in many cases,nearly one in two UMs-and one in three CMs-are fatal to the patient due to *** therapies for metastatic uveal and CMs are unfortunately still not available,so there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis quoad vitam and prolong the survival of melanoma *** widely known tumor of the eye is retinoblastoma,which is the most common pediatric ocular malignancy,occurring in approximately 1 in 15,000-18,000 live ***,it is considered well treatable,with a survival rate of approximately 90%at 3 years,although fatal if *** a long time,enucleation was also considered the treatment of choice,with bilateral cases having one eye irradiated and the eye with the more advanced tumor *** the 1990s,however,systemic chemotherapy has been predominantly used to preserve the quality of life and vision of young patients,although the cellular activity of the retinoblastoma often remains after treatment with chemotherapeutic *** of the disease is immensely depending on the stage and time of diagnosis and is varying between countries due to different developmental status of health care ***:We review recent advances in the available literature on established preclinical models in CM,UM,and *** addition,we discuss the advantages and limitations of these models and provide an overview of current alternatives to animal testing in preclinical ***:In the case of all three diseases,further research is needed for improved therapeutic ***

关键词： Conjunctival melanoma(CM) uveal melanoma(UM) retinoblastoma ocular tumor preclinical models

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