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Proteomic Analysis through Adventitious rooting of Pinus radiata Stem Cuttings with Different rooting Capabilities

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 1888-1904页

作者： Carolina Álvarez Luis Valledor Patricia Sáez Manuel Sánchez-Olate darcy ríos Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal (CTPF) Instituto Forestal (INFOR) Sede Bío-Bío Chile Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Laboratories of Adaption Biotechnologies Global Change Research Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Brno Czech Republic Plant Physiology Epiphysage Research Group B.O.S. Department Faculty of Biology University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain

In forest production systems, vegetative propagation of elite clones through adventitious rooting is a common practice. In Chile, adventitious rooting is the main methodology for vegetative reproduction of Pinus radiata. However, the capability of produce adventitious roots in gymnosperms decreases with aging. While it is true that some efforts have been made to identify markers or/and regulators of the aging process and adventitious rooting, molecular mechanisms that regulate both processes are scarcely known, especially at protein level. This research evaluated qualitative and quantitative changes in protein accumulation during the adventitious rooting process of P. radiata stem cuttings, with different rooting capabilities. Beside, an analysis of morpho-anatomical changes was performed in stem cuttings with high and low rooting capabilities, during the adventitious rooting process. It was observed that juvenile 1-year-old stem cuttings rooted in a 100%, while aged stem cuttings (3-year-old) presented only a 20% of rooting. According to the results of differential protein accumulation, univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that in total, 114 and 89 proteins were differentially accumulated in juvenile and aged cuttings, respectively. Also, identification of such proteins showed the presence of proteins related to cell wall organization and the presence of a protein related with proper distribution of auxin PIN transporter, both key in the new meristem formation process during adventitious rooting.

关键词： Pinus radiata Adventitious rooting Protein Accumulation Aging

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Changes in Gene Expression in Needles and Stems of Pinus radiata rootstock Plants of Different Ontogenic Age

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1205-1216页

作者： Carolina Alvarez Luis Valledor Patricia Sáez rodrigo Hasbún Manuel Sánchez-Olate María Jesús Cañal darcy ríos Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal (CTPF) Instituto Forestal (INFOR) Sede Bío-Bío Chile Laboratories of Adaption Biotechnologies Global Change Research Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Brno Czech Republic Plant Physiology Epiphysage Research Group Biology of Organisms and Systems Department Faculty of Biology University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain

A major problem in forest clonal productivity is the loss of morphogenetic capability with the increasing age of plants. However, despite of the importance of loss of morphogenetic competence, very little research has been done about the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. For this reason, a gene expression analysis using dot blot technique was performed in needles and stems of 1- and 3-year old Pinus radiata rootstock plants with a proved decrease in morphogenetic competence. Needles of one year old rootstock plants showed a higher number of up-regulated in genes mainly corresponding to photosynthesis and protein synthesis, degradation and modification, reflecting a higher number of active pathways in younger hedges, contrary to the older ones. Gene expression profiles found in stems are in agreement with those found in needles, indicating more active pathways in younger rootstock plants than in older ones. Several transcripts regulating transcription and translation were up-regulated in young competent tissues. Three-year-old stems presented an increase in the expression of an ethylene response factor, involved in plant organ senescence, indicating that pathways involved in senescence and ageing might inhibit the adventitious root formation, as in the older cuttings.

关键词： Plant Ageing Gene Expression Morphogenetic Competence Pinus radiate

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Photochemical Efficiency during the Establishment and Consolidation Phases of in Vitro Pinus radiata Micrograft Made from Scions of Different Ontogenetic Age

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 228-239页

作者： María E. Materán Patricia L. Sáez Manuel Sánchez-Olate León A. Bravo roberto rodríguez darcy ríos rafael E. Coopman Centro Biotecnológico de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Guayana Venezuela Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Departamento de Silvicultura y Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Centro de Biotecnología Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal Instituto de Agroindustria Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales and Center of Plant Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus Universidad de La Frontera Casilla 54-D Temuco Chile Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Facultad de Biología Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Espa&ntildea Laboratorio de Ecofisiología para la Conservación de Bosques Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales Universidad Austral de Chile Casilla 567 Valdivia Chile

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) as an early estimate of P. radiata micrografts viability coming from different position (basal vs. apical) in the ortets. We hypothesize that Fv/Fm variation is a good indicator of micrograft’s viability and phenological stage during micrograft development. The micrografts were established in QL medium supplemented whit 0.1 mg·L-1 IBA and 1 mg·L-1 BAP and cultured at 25°C ± 2°C and 80 μmol photons m-2s-1 of photosynthetic active radiation by 16 h per day. During the establishment and consolidation phase, we found significant differences in Fv/Fm with respect to time and buds positions provenience. During establishment, basal shoot tips have lower Fv/Fm than apical shoot tips, which agrees with the lowest viability (35%). However, during the consolidation phase, the trend changed and basal shoot tips presented higher Fv/Fm than apical shoot tips and showed an increase in ETr and NPQ, with respect to apical shoots and ortet. Although the measurement of fluorescence parameters implies the insertion of the fluorometer sonde in vitro, this implies aseptic considerations, but always conveies a contamination risk. We conclude that fluorescence (Fv/Fm, ETr, NPQ) can be indicators of the micrograft’s development according to the shoot tips position in the ortet and can be useful early-indicators of the scions’ physiological condition during micrograft transition from establishment to consolidation.

关键词： Maximum PSII Photochemical Efficiency Micrograft P. radiata

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Effect of Photon Flux Density and Exogenous Sucrose on the Photosynthetic Performance during In Vitro Culture of Castanea sativa

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 2087-2105页

作者： Patricia L. Sáez León A. Bravo Manuel Sánchez-Olate Paulina B. Bravo darcy G. ríos Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal Instituto de Agroindustria Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales Fac. de Cs Agropecuarias y Forestales & Center of Plant Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile Center of Plant Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile

The low photon flux density (PFD) under in vitro conditions and sucrose added to the culture medium negatively limits the photochemical activity and photoprotective mechanisms of microshoots. In this work we hypothesize that decreasing sucrose in the culture medium in combination with increasing irradiance, could improve the photosynthesis and consequently the in vitro growth. We evaluated the effect of exogenous sucrose (30 and 5 g·L-1, HS and LS, respectively), under different PFD (50 and 150 μmol photons m-2·s-1, LL and HL, respectively) on the photosynthetic performance and growth of Castanea sativa microshoots. Decreasing sucrose negatively affected the physiological attributes evaluated. Only chloroplast ultrastructure was improved by LS;however this did not lead to an improved in photosynthesis or growth. HL HS produced an increase in photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents, reaching under these conditions a higher proliferation rate and biomass production. Additionally, the photochemical activity (electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching) was improved by HL. Thus, our results suggest that, at least for C. sativa HL is beneficial during the in vitro culture, improving photosynthetic performance as well as growth, but this is only possible in the presence of moderate concentrations of sucrose added to the culture medium.

关键词： Sucrose PFD Micropropagation Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Fluorescence

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： darcy L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.rEJA ErIK P.SCHArTNEr HEIKE EBENDOrFF-HEIDEPrIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WArrEN-SMITH Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental effects.These properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the fiber.However,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far unclear.In this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved measurements.We leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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Social Scale and Collective Computation:Does Information Processing Limit rate of Growth in Scale?

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： Timothy A.Kohler darcy Bird David H.Wolpert the Department of Anthropology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-4910USA Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Crow Canyon Archaeological Center CortezCO 81321USA Cluster of Excellence rOOTS Christian-Albrechts-UniversitätKiel 24118Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena 07745Germany the Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA Complexity Science Hub Vienna 1080Austria

Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share information to arrive at decisions for collective behavior.How societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their scale.Social arrangements and technologies that work for small-and mid-scale societies are inadequate for dealing effectively with the much larger communication loads that societies face during the growth in scale that is a hallmark of the Holocene.An important bottleneck for growth may be the development of systems for persistent recording of information(writing),and perhaps also the abstraction of money for generalizing exchange mechanisms.Building on Shin et al.,we identify a Scale Threshold to be crossed before societies can develop such systems,and an Information Threshold which,once crossed,allows more or less unlimited growth in scale.We introduce several additional articles in this special issue that elaborate or evaluate this Thresholds Model for particular types of societies or times and places in the world.

关键词： social evolution thresholds model information processing writing demographic scale collective computation

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Development of a potential PET probe for HDAC6 imaging in Alzheimer's disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第10期12卷 3891-3904页

作者： Ping Bai Prasenjit Mondal Frederick A.Bagdasarian Nisha rani Yan Liu Ashley Gomm darcy r.Tocci Se Hoon Choi Hsiao-Ying Wey rudolph E.Tanzi Can Zhang Changning Wang Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA 02129USA Genetics and Aging research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA 02129USA

Although the epigenetic regulatory protein histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6)has been recently implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease(AD),little is known about the role of HDAC6 in the etiopathogenesis of AD and whether HDAC6 can be a potential therapeutic target for AD.Here,we performed positron emission tomography(PET)imaging in combination with histopathological analysis to better understand the underlying pathomechanisms of HDAC6 in AD.We first developed[^(18)F]PB118 which was demonstrated as a valid HDAC6 radioligand with excellent brain penetration and high specificity to HDAC6.PET studies of[^(18)F]PB118 in 5xFAD mice showed significantly increased radioactivity in the brain compared to WT animals,with more pronounced changes identified in the cortex and hippocampus.The translatability of this radiotracer for AD in a potential human use was supported by additional studies,including similar uptake profiles in non-human primates,an increase of HDAC6 in ADrelated human postmortem hippocampal tissues by Western blotting protein analysis,and our ex vivo histopathological analysis of HDAC6 in postmortem brain tissues of our animals.Collectively,our findings show that HDAC6 may lead to AD by mechanisms that tend to affect brain regions particularly susceptible to AD through an association with amyloid pathology.

关键词： HDAC6 Alzheimer’s disease radiotracer PET imaging Epigenetic

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Editorial

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Timothy A.Kohler darcy Bird David H.Wolpert 不详

Dear readers,It is our pleasure to welcome you to a special issue of the Journal of Social Computing.This issue contains articles examining the evolution of collective computation within(pre)historic societies.There is special emphasis on the possibility that the development of writing(together with both the technologies that arise with writing,and the technologies that writing helps enable)constituted a bottleneck in the more or less continuous growth in scale that has long been a hallmark of human societies.

关键词： collective has writing

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Intestinal mucosal atrophy and adaptation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6357-6375页

作者： darcy Shaw Kartik Gohil Marc D Basson Department of Surgery College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityLansingMI 48906United States

Mucosal adaptation is an essential process in gut homeostasis.The intestinal mucosa adapts to a range of pathological conditions including starvation,short-gut syndrome,obesity,and bariatric surgery.Broadly,these adaptive functions can be grouped into proliferation and differentiation.These are influenced by diverse interactions with hormonal,immune,dietary,nervous,and mechanical stimuli.It seems likely that clinical outcomes can be improved by manipulating the physiology of adaptation.This review will summarize current understanding of the basic science surrounding adaptation,delineate the wide range of potential targets for therapeutic intervention,and discuss how these might be incorporated into an overall treatment plan.Deeper insight into the physiologic basis of adaptation wil identify further targets for intervention to improve clinical outcomes.

关键词：肠黏膜自适应功能病理状态机械刺激生理适应生理基础综合征临床

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Transition to forefoot strike reduces load rates more effectively than altered cadence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 248-257页

作者： Erin E.Futrell K.Douglas Gross darcy reisman David r.Mullineaux Irene S.Davis Department of Physical Therapy Springfield CollegeSpringfieldMA 01109USA Spaulding National running Center Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Physical Therapy MGH Institute of Health ProfessionsBostonMA 02129USA Department of Physical Therapy University of DelawareNewarkDE 19713USA School of Sport and Exercise Science University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnBrayford PoolLN67TSUK Department of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Background: Excessive vertical impacts at landing are associated with common running injuries. Two primary gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing impact forces are transition to forefoot strike and increasing cadence. The objective of this study was to compare the shortand long-term effects of 2 gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing landing impacts.Methods: A total of 39 healthy recreational runners using a rearfoot strike and a cadence of 170 steps/min were randomized into cadence(CAD) or forefoot strike(FFS) groups. All participants performed 4 weeks of strengthening followed by 8 sessions of gait-retraining using auditory feedback. Vertical average load rates(VALr) and vertical instantaneous load rates(VILr) were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force curve. Both cadence and foot strike angle were measured using 3D motion analysis and an instrumented treadmill at baseline and at 1 week,1 month, and 6 months post retraining.results: ANOVA revealed that the FFS group had significant reductions in VALr(49.7%) and VILr(41.7%), and changes were maintained long term. Foot strike angle in the FFS group changed from 14.2° dorsiflexion at baseline to 3.4° plantarflexion, with changes maintained long term. The CAD group exhibited significant reduction only in VALr(16%) and only at 6 months. Both groups had significant and similar increases in cadence at all follow-ups(CAD, +7.2% to 173 steps/min;and FFS, +6.1% to 172 steps/min).Conclusion: Forefoot strike gait-retraining resulted in significantly greater reductions in VALr and similar increases in cadence compared to cadence gait-retraining in the short and long term. Cadence gait-retraining resulted in small reductions in VALr at only the 6-month follow-up.

关键词： Foot strike Gait-retraining Physical therapy running Step rate

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