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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： s.Terlicka N.sobczak Ł.Maj P.dar.ak J.J.sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure Ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary Purification(CP)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(CP:760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/Ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the CP procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθs),followed by fast spreading and good wetting over the Ni substrate(θ_((CP))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(CP))~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the CH procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

The 111-Years-Old Cosmic Ray Puzzle Has Been solved?

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第1期15卷 125-131页

作者： shlomo Dado Arnon dar Physics Department Technion Haifa Israel

We show that recently multi-messenger astronomy has provided compelling evidence that the bulk of high energy cosmic rays (CRs) are produced by highly relativistic narrow jets of plasmoids launched in core collapse of stripped-envelope massive stars to neutron stars and stellar mass black holes. such events produce also a visible GRB if the jet happens to point in our direction. This has been long advocated by the cannon ball (CB) model of high energy CRs and GRBs, but the evidence has been provided only recently by what were widely believed to be unrelated discoveries. They include the very recent discovery of a knee around TeV in the energy spectrum of high energy CR electrons, the peak photon energy in the “brightest of all time” GRB221009A, and the failure of IceCube to detect high energy neutrinos from GRBs, including GRB221009A. They were all predicted by the cannonball (CB) model of high energy CRs and GRBs long before they were discovered in observations, despite a negligible probability to occur by chance.

关键词： Cosmic Rays Gamma Ray Bursts Neutrino Bursts

Variable range hopping transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism in GdCrO_(3) rare-earth orthochromite perovskite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1304-1316,I0004页

作者： Muhammad Javed Ayaz Arif Khan Jamal Kazmi Naeem Akbar said Nasir Khisro Amanullah dar.aleem Dad Khan Tareen Mohd Ambri Mohamed Department of Physics The University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Physics University of Kotli Azad Jammu and KashmirKotli11100Pakistan Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Mathematics University of Kotli Azad Jammu and KashmirKotli11100Pakistan

The polycrystalline GdCrO_(3)(GCO)perovskite orthochromite was synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion *** Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction(XRD)profile of GCO confirms that the orthorhombic phase crystallizes in perovskite crystal structure with space group *** transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction divulge the polycrystalline nature of the perovskite *** field emission scanning electron microscopy(FEsEM)images reveal the microstructural polyhedral growth of grains separated by sharp grain *** chemical states of the ions present in the compound were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)studies,and the electrical pathways were *** impedance studies were carried out in the experimental frequency and temperature ranges of 40 Hz-4 MHz and 178-408 K,*** equivalent circuit model(RGQG)(RGBQGB)resolves the impedance response into two contributions originating from the intra-grain and inter-granular micro-constituents of the *** electrical conduction mechanism is based on the Mott variable range hopping *** complex electric modulus studies demonstrate the short-and long-range mobility of the charge carriers and rule out the presence of electrode effects on the dielectric relaxation mechanism of the *** decreasing pattern of dielectric permittivity with frequency is explained by the Maxwell-Wagner type of *** frequency dependence of the loss factor exhibits the presence of thermally activated relaxation time distribution in the material.

关键词： Auto-combustion Perovskite Electro-ceramic Dielectric Electrical transport Impedance

Patterns and drivers of tree carbon stocks in Kashmir Himalayan forests:implications for climate change mitigation

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 812-824页

作者： Ashaq Ahmad dar Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Department of Ecology and Environmental sciences School of Life SciencesPondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India

Background:Temperate forests are major carbon sinks because of their high storage potential and low decomposi-tion *** quantified tree carbon(TC)storage from 143 plots distributed across three major forest types of Kashmir Himalaya,relative to differences in ecological *** regression and Random Forest(RF)analysis were used to examine the distribution of TC stock along ecological gradients and recognize the role of driving factors on TC ***:Among the three forest types,sub-alpine(sA)forest was the primary TC sink,accounting for 228.73 t ha^(−1)of carbon,followed by mixed conifer(MC;181.29 t C ha^(−1))and blue pine(BP;133.04 t C ha^(−1))*** distribution of TC stocks among the three forest types differed significantly(χ^(2)=18.87;P=0.000).Relative carbon stock analysis demonstrated that Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana accounted 91%of TC stocks across the *** area,mean diameter at breast height(DBH),elevation,disturbance and precipitation had significant effects on TC stocks in bivariate regression *** RF model explained 86%of the variation;basal area interpreted 30.15%,followed by mean DBH(17.96%),disturbance complex(10.64%),precipitation(8.00%)and elevation(7.34%).Conclusions:Kashmir Himalayan forests are significant carbon sinks as they store a substantial quantum of carbon in *** carbon,an essential climatic indicator,is determined by a complex interaction of other ecological vari-ables,particularly stand structural *** study provides insights into the role of these natural forests in climate change mitigation and in REDD+/national commitments to offset the carbon.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Coniferous forest Disturbance Kashmir Himalaya stand structure

Predicting Energy Consumption Using stacked LsTM snapshot Ensemble

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 247-270页

作者： Mona Ahamd Alghamdi Abdullah s.A.L-Malaise AL-Ghamdi Mahmoud Ragab Information systems Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology(FCIT)King Abdulaziz University(KAU)Jeddah 21589Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Information systems Department FCITKAUJeddah 21589Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaand also with School of EngineeringComputing and DesignDar Al-Hekma UniversityJeddah 22246Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Information Technology Department FCITKAUJeddah 21589Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaand also with Mathematics DepartmentFaculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNaser City 11884Egypt

The ability to make accurate energy predictions while considering all related energy factors allows production plants,regulatory bodies,and governments to meet energy demand and assess the effects of energy-saving *** energy consumption falls within normal parameters,it will be possible to use the developed model to predict energy consumption and develop improvements and mitigating measures for energy *** objective of this model is to accurately predict energy consumption without data limitations and provide results that are easily *** proposed model is an implementation of the stacked Long short-Term Memory(LsTM)snapshot ensemble combined with the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)and *** and Berard’s Individual Household Electric-Power Consumption(IHEPC)dataset incorporated with weather data are used to analyse the model’s accuracy with predicting energy *** model is trained,and the results measured using Root Mean square Error(RMsE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),and coefficient of determination(R^(2))metrics are 0.020,0.013,0.017,and 0.999,*** stacked LsTM snapshot ensemble performs better than the compared models based on prediction accuracy and minimized *** results of this study show that prediction accuracy is high,and the model’s stability is high as *** model shows that high levels of accuracy prove accurate predictive ability,and together with high levels of stability,the model has good interpretability,which is not typically accounted for in ***,this study shows that it can be inferred.

关键词： energy consumption prediction Artificial Intelligence(AI) Deep Learning(DL) snapshot ensemble

Assembly and electrochemical testing of renewable carbon-based anodes in sIBs:A practical guide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 457-477,I0012页

作者： darío Alvira Daniel Antorán Joan JManyà Aragón Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Thermochemical Processes GroupUniversity of ZaragozaEscuela Politécnica Superior22071 HuescaSpain

sodium-ion batteries(sIBs)are considered as a promising candidate to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in large-scale energy storage *** sodium resources and similar working principles make this technology attractive to be implemented in the near ***,the development of high-performance carbon anodes is a focal point to the upcoming success of sIBs in terms of power density,cycling stability,and *** knowledge in electrochemical and physicochemical techniques is required to properly evaluate the anode performance and move it in the right *** review aims at providing a comprehensive guideline to help researchers from different backgrounds(e.g.,nanomaterials and thermochemistry)to delve into this *** main components,lab configurations,procedures,and working principles of sIBs are ***,a detailed description of the most used electrochemical and physicochemical techniques to characterize electrochemically active materials is provided.

关键词： sodium-ion battery Anode Hard carbon Electrochemical techniques Carbon characterization

Exploring the region-wise diversity and functions of symbiotic bacteria in the gut system of wood-feeding termite,Coptotermes formosanus,toward the degradation of cellulose,hemicellulose,and organic dyes

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Insect science 2022年第5期29卷 1414-1432页

作者： Mudasir A.dar Rongrong Xie Radhakrishna s.Pandit Blessing Danso Chenchen Dong Jianzhong sun Biofuels Institute School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Zoology Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPuneIndia

The wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus represents a unique and impressive system for lignocellulose *** highly efficient digestion of lignocellulose is achieved through symbiosis with gut symbionts like *** extensive research during the last three decades,diversity of bacterial symbionts residing in individual gut regions of the termite and their associated functions is still *** this end,cellulose,xylan,and dye-decolorization bacteria residing in foregut,midgut,and hindgut regions of *** were enlisted by using enrichment and culture-dependent molecular methods.A total of 87 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from different gut regions of *** which belonged to 27 different species of 10 genera,majorly affiliated with Proteobacteria(80%)and Firmicutes(18.3%).Among the gut regions,37.9%of the total bacterial isolates were observed in the hindgut that demonstrated predominance of cellulolytic bacteria(47.6%).The majority of the xylanolytic and dye-decolorization bacteria(50%)were obtained from the foregut and midgut,*** represented by Dietza *** observed in the hindgut *** on species richness,the highest diversity was observed in midgut and hindgut regions each of which harbored seven unique bacterial *** members of Enterobacter,Klebsiella,and Pseudomonas were common among the gut *** lignocellulolytic activities of the selected potential bacteria signpost their assistance to the host for lignocellulose *** overall results indicate that *** harbors diverse communities of lignocellulolytic bacteria in different regions of the gut *** observations will significantly advance our understanding of the termite–bacteria symbiosis and their microbial ecology uniquely existed in different gut regions of ***,which may further shed a light on its potential values at termite-modeled biotechnology.

关键词： bacterial symbionts Coptotermes formosanus culture-dependent gut regions lignocellulose termite

Comprehensive isotopic characterization of the hydrological processes of the Indus river basin(IRB):A comparison between Upper Indus Basin(UIB)and Lower Indus Basin(LIB)

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Journal of Mountain science 2023年第3期20卷 705-723页

作者： Akhtar JAHAN Tanveer dar sudhir KUMAR Nachiketa RAI Department of Earth sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee 247667India

The Indus river basin(IRB)is one of the most depleted water basins globally,having significant challenges for its water *** of stable isotope composition(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)across IRB is a critical aspect that can provide deeper insights for investigating complex hydrological *** work analyses the spatial pattern of the isotopic signature using a comprehensive compilation of available datasets of the Global Network of Isotopes in River(GNIR)and Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP),along with the previously published isotopic studies in the Indus ***,this work provides a detailed comparison of the isotopic signature of the Upper Indus Basin(UIB),and Lower Indus Basin(LIB).The IRBs waterline was found to beδ^(2)H=7.89×δ^(18)O+13.51,which shows a close similarity with the Global Meteoric Water Line(GMWL),indicating the meteoric origin of the water with insignificant secondary evaporation prevailing across the *** Main Indus Channel(MIC)river water line(δ^(2)H=8.88×δ^(18)O+26.05)indicates a major contribution from the meteoric origin(precipitation/rain)of water with minimal effect of evaporation *** water line for UIB samples,(δ^(2)H=7.88×δ^(18)O+11.94)was found to be moderately higher in slope than LIB samples(δ^(2)H=7.17×δ^(18)O+7.16).However,the slopes of both UIB and LIB river water lines closely approached the slope of GMWL and were consistent with the slope of IRB water line,which indicates similarity in contribution of water *** higher slope and intercept in UIB suggest that meteoric water sources contributed to streamflow *** snow/glacier with insignificant evapotranspiration,which is also validated by the scarce vegetation cover in the ***,the lower slope and intercept in LIB suggest stream water contribution from significantly evaporated groundwater and precipitation with a complete homogenization of discharge coming from the *** substantiate that distinct isotopi

关键词： Isotopes spatial variability Indian summer monsoon Western Disturbance Indus river Water

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for salinity stress: Anti-stress role and mechanisms

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 212-224页

作者： Muzafar Hdar syed MRAZVI Narender sINGH Ahmad MUsHTAQ shahnawaz dar shabber HUssAIN Department of Botany Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetraHaryana 136119India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sher-e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir(SKUAST-K)ShalimarSrinagar 190021India Research Center for Residue and Quality Analysis SKUAST-KShalimarSrinagar 190021India Krishi Vigyan Kendra(KVK)Kargil 11(Zanskar) SKUAST-KShalimarSrinagar 190021India

salinity stress is considered one of the most harmful environmental plant stresses,as it reduces irrigated land crop production by over 20%***,it is imperative to develop salt-tolerant crops in addition to understanding various mechanisms enabling plant growth under saline stress ***,a novel biological approach that aims to address salinity stress has gained momentum,which involves the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in plant-microbe *** has been observed that most terrestrial plant root systems are colonized by AM fungi,which modulate plant growth in multiple *** such interactions,AM fungi obtain organic compounds from the host plant while providing mineral nutrients,including nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and sulfur,to the host *** recent decades,our understanding of the multifunctional roles played by AM fungi has been broadened and advanced,particularly regarding the mediation of mineral nutrients and the alleviation of stress(especially salt stress)in most crop *** uptake of phosphorus and augmented tolerance to salinity result in enhanced plant growth and *** evident anti-stress role of AM fungi and related mechanisms have been described separately,though they need to be analyzed and discussed ***,the present review addresses the major role of AM fungi in mitigating salt stress and their beneficial effects on plant growth and *** mechanisms employed by AM fungi to amplify the salt tolerance of host plants by increased nutrient accession(e.g.,phosphorus,nitrogen,and calcium),physiological changes(e.g.,photosynthetic efficiency,cell membrane permeability,water status,and nitrogen fixation),and biochemical changes(e.g.,the accumulation of different osmolytes such as proline and soluble sugars)are also ***,this review highlights the role of AM fungi in the Na+/H+*** plants,AM fungi inoculation increases the activities of mul

关键词： biochemical and physiological changes osmolytes plant-microbe interaction salt stress sodium accumulation