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On Designs of Decentralized Reputation Management for Permissioned Blockchain Networks

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1755-1773页

作者： Jinyu Chen Long Shi Qisheng Huang Taotao Wang daojing he School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China

In permissioned blockchain networks,the Proof of Authority(PoA)consensus,which uses the election of authorized nodes to validate transactions and blocks,has beenwidely advocated thanks to its high transaction throughput and fault ***,PoA suffers from the drawback of centralization dominated by a limited number of authorized nodes and the lack of anonymity due to the round-robin block proposal *** a result,traditional PoA is vulnerable to a single point of failure that compromises the security of the blockchain *** address these issues,we propose a novel decentralized reputation management mechanism for permissioned blockchain networks to enhance security,promote liveness,and mitigate centralization while retaining the same throughput as traditional *** paper aims to design an off-chain reputation evaluation and an on-chain reputation-aided ***,we evaluate the nodes’reputation in the context of the blockchain networks and make the reputation globally verifiable through smart ***,building upon traditional PoA,we propose a reputation-aided PoA(rPoA)consensus to enhance securitywithout sacrificing *** particular,rPoA can incentivize nodes to autonomously form committees based on reputation authority,which prevents block generation from being tracked through the randomness of reputation ***,we develop a reputation-aided fork-choice rule for rPoA to promote the network’s ***,experimental results show that the proposed rPoA achieves higher security performance while retaining transaction throughput compared to traditional PoA.

关键词： Blockchain reputation management PoA throughput security decentralization

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联邦学习及其安全与隐私保护研究综述

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计算机工程 2024年第5期50卷 1-15页

作者：熊世强何道敬王振东杜润萌江西理工大学信息工程学院江西赣州341000 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)计算机科学与技术学院广东深圳518055 华东师范大学计算机科学与技术学院上海200062

联邦学习(FL)是一种新兴的分布式机器学习技术,只需将数据留在本地即可通过各方协作训练一个共有模型,解决了传统机器学习中数据难以采集和隐私安全的问题。随着联邦学习技术的应用和发展,相关研究发现联邦学习仍可能受到各类攻击。为... 详细信息

联邦学习(FL)是一种新兴的分布式机器学习技术,只需将数据留在本地即可通过各方协作训练一个共有模型,解决了传统机器学习中数据难以采集和隐私安全的问题。随着联邦学习技术的应用和发展,相关研究发现联邦学习仍可能受到各类攻击。为了确保联邦学习的安全性,研究联邦学习中的攻击方式及相应的隐私保护技术显得尤为重要。首先介绍了联邦学习的背景知识及相关定义,总结概括了联邦学习的发展历程及分类;接着阐述了联邦学习的安全三要素,从基于安全来源和基于安全三要素2个角度分类概述了联邦学习中的安全问题及研究进展;然后对隐私保护技术进行分类,结合相关研究应用综述了联邦学习中安全多方计算(SMC)、同态加密(he)、差分隐私(DP)、可信执行环境(TEE)4种常用隐私保护技术;最后对联邦学习的未来研究方向进行展望。

关键词：联邦学习数据安全攻击方式隐私保护安全三要素

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Discriminative fine-grained network for vehicle re-identification using two-stage re-ranking

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第11期63卷 147-158页

作者： Qi WANG Weidong MIN daojing he Song ZOU Tiemei HUANG Yu ZHANG Ruikang LIU School of Information Engineering Nanchang University School of Software Nanchang University Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Smart City Nanchang University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering East China Normal University

Research on the application of vehicle re-identification to video surveillance has attracted increasingly growing attention. Existing methods are associated with the difficulties of distinguishing different instances of the same car model owing to the incapability of recognizing subtle differences among these instances and the possibility that a subtle difference may lead to incorrect results of ranking. In this paper, a discriminative fine-grained network for vehicle re-identification based on a two-stage re-ranking framework is proposed to address these issues. This discriminative fine-grained network(DFN) is composed of fine-grained and Siamese networks. The proposed hybrid network can extract discriminative features of the vehicle instances with subtle differences. The Siamese network is rather suitable for general object re-identification using two streams of the network, while the fine-grained network is capable of detecting subtle *** proposed two-stage re-ranking method allows obtaining a more reliable ranking list by using the Jaccard metric and merging the first and second re-ranking lists, where the latter list is formed using the sample mean feature. Experimental results on the VeR i-776 and VehicleID datasets show that the proposed method achieves the superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods used in vehicle re-identification.

关键词： vehicle re-identification DFN two-stage re-ranking fine-grained Jaccard metric

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基于分层神经网络的压水堆堆芯换料关键参数的预测方法研究

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核科学与工程 2024年第3期44卷 564-571页

作者：姚建凡彭思涛何道敬徐智谢锡耀黄杰位金锋中广核研究院有限公司广东深圳518028 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)计算与智能研究院广东深圳518055

压水堆堆芯换料方案的选择直接关系到核电厂运行的安全性和经济性,是一项费时费力的工作。为高效准确地选取可行的堆芯换料方案,本文提出了分层神经网络模型来预测堆芯换料方案的关键参数:循环长度和最大焓升因子。本方法设计了双层隐... 详细信息

压水堆堆芯换料方案的选择直接关系到核电厂运行的安全性和经济性,是一项费时费力的工作。为高效准确地选取可行的堆芯换料方案,本文提出了分层神经网络模型来预测堆芯换料方案的关键参数:循环长度和最大焓升因子。本方法设计了双层隐藏层网络结构,通过选取合适的权重初始化方法、激活函数、自适应学习率和优化器等,学习大量的工程换料数据获取堆芯关键参数预测模型。本文所提方法分开学习关键参数特征,避免相互干扰学习,从而提高了模型整体预测精度。数值实验也表明,本方法比经典深度神经网络模型(DNN)具有更高的预测精度和更强的鲁棒性,且在不同类型的新组件布局上同样具有准确的预测能力。

关键词：分层神经网络自适应学习率深度学习堆芯换料方案

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Spatial differences of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among counties(cities)on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 1-10页

作者： WANG Tao ZHOU daojing FAN Jie School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Xinjiang Arts University Urumqi830049China Institutes of Science and Development Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty *** Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the *** study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’*** aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun *** results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun *** high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western *** scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan *** performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green ***,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green *** is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security *** measures will facilitate the effective implementation of ***,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments i

关键词： Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains Poverty alleviation Arid lands Sustainable development capacity

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Advances in ice avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1814-1829页

作者： TANG Minggao LI Guang ZHAO Huanle XU Qiang WU Guangjian YANG Wei GUO daojing State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Environment and Civil Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

As some of the greatest natural disasters in the cryosphere,ice avalanches(IAs)seriously threaten lives and cause catastrophic damage to the resource environment,but a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on IAs remains *** summarized 63 IAs on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)since the 20th century,of which,over 20 IAs occurred after the 21st *** distributions of IAs are mainly concentrated in the southeastern and northwestern TP,and the occurrence time of IAs is mostly concentrated from July to *** highlight recent advances in mechanical properties and genetic mechanisms of IAs and emphasize that temperature,rainfall,and seismicity are the inducing *** failure modes of IAs are summarized into 6 categories by examples:slip pulling type,slip toppling type,slip breaking type,water level collapse type,cave roof collapse type,and wedge failure ***,we deliver recommendations concerning the risk assessment and prediction of *** results provide important scientific value for addressing climate change and resisting glacier-related hazards.

关键词： Ice avalanche Global warming Genetic mechanism Risk assessment Tibetan Plateau

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面向机器学习的成员推理攻击综述

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计算机科学 2023年第1期50卷 302-317页

作者：陈得鹏刘肖崔杰何道敬安徽大学计算机科学与技术学院合肥230601 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)计算机科学与技术学院广东深圳518055

随着机器学习的不断发展,特别是在深度学习领域,人工智能已经融入到人们日常生活的方方面面。机器学习模型被部署到多种场景的应用中,提升了传统应用的智能化水平。然而,近年来的研究指出,用于训练机器学习模型的个人数据时常面临隐私... 详细信息

随着机器学习的不断发展,特别是在深度学习领域,人工智能已经融入到人们日常生活的方方面面。机器学习模型被部署到多种场景的应用中,提升了传统应用的智能化水平。然而,近年来的研究指出,用于训练机器学习模型的个人数据时常面临隐私泄露的风险。其中,成员推理攻击就是针对机器学习模型威胁用户隐私安全的一种非常重要的攻击方式。成员推理攻击的目的是判断用户数据样本是否被用于训练目标模型(如在医疗、金融等领域的用户数据),从而直接干涉到用户隐私信息。首先介绍了成员推理攻击的相关背景知识,随后对现有的成员推理攻击按照攻击者是否拥有影子模型进行分类,并对成员推理攻击在不同领域的威胁进行了相应的总结。其次,介绍了应对成员推理攻击的防御手段,对现有的防御机制按照模型过拟合、基于模型压缩和基于扰动等策略进行分类和总结。最后,对现有的成员推理攻击和防御机制的优缺点进行了分析,并提出了成员推理攻击的一些潜在的研究方向。

关键词：机器学习隐私保护成员推理攻击防御机制

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How territorial function determines CO_(2) emissions in China: An approach of spatial dimension

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第9期34卷 1677-1696页

作者： FAN Jie WANG Zheng ZHOU daojing GUO Rui CheN Dong LIU Baoyin LIU Hanchu QIAO Qin WU Jianxiong Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institutes of Science and Development CASBeijing 100190China School of Architecture&Planning Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230022China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Regional CO_(2) emissions are closely related to their territorial function, which is the major role a region plays in sustainable processes on the earth's surface. Given that China is implementing a top-down emission allocation quota strategy, studying the impact of a territorial function on emissions addresses the research gap from a spatial integration *** investigating the effects of three basic functional territories(urbanization zones(UZ), food security zones(FSZ), and ecological security zones(ESZ)), horizontal spatial structure and vertical combinations of functional territories on CO_(2) emission patterns in China, we found that functional territory patterns were highly coupled with the spatial distribution of CO_(2) emissions, with a ratio of CO_(2) emissions from UZ–FSZ–ESZ was stable at around 5:2:1 from 2000 to 2017. Spatially, CO_(2) emissions in FSZ and ESZ were 1.06–2.12 times higher than the average value within 200 km from the UZ. As territorial function combination increased with spatial upscaling, the emission characteristics attributable to functional territories became indistinct. The findings above can provide a basis for the long-term prediction of CO_(2) emissions from spatial dimension, support scientific guidance for inter-zone cooperation and classified management of carbon emissions with the major function oriented zones as impetus.

关键词： CO_(2)emission pattern functional territory spatial structure function combination spatial dimension-based analysis

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基于物联网固件的漏洞检测方法综述

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软件导刊 2023年第7期22卷 227-233页

作者：王鑫何道敬俞小虎江西理工大学信息工程学院江西赣州341000 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)计算机科学与技术学院广东深圳150006 华东师范大学软件工程学院上海200062

固件漏洞检测技术可分为静态检测和动态检测两类,其中静态检测依赖于固件映像的二进制程序,主要有通过提取特征进行漏洞函数相似性比较和通过符号执行检测漏洞两种分析手段;而动态检测需要动态地运行固件,对固件运行环境进行仿真,并结... 详细信息

固件漏洞检测技术可分为静态检测和动态检测两类,其中静态检测依赖于固件映像的二进制程序,主要有通过提取特征进行漏洞函数相似性比较和通过符号执行检测漏洞两种分析手段;而动态检测需要动态地运行固件,对固件运行环境进行仿真,并结合软件漏洞检测技术检测固件漏洞。对近年来固件漏洞领域先进的静态分析和动态分析方法进行详细解读,同时也分析了现有技术面临的挑战。

关键词：物联网固件漏洞检测静态分析动态分析

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环境感知应用系统的数据传输与安全

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南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版） 2017年第5期9卷 544-550页

作者：乔琪郑佳佳许艳萍何道敬华东师范大学计算机科学与软件工程学院上海200062 杭州电子科技大学计算机学院杭州310018

环境感知应用系统广泛应用在工业生产、日常生活等领域.本文主要研究环境感知应用系统中的数据收集、安全传输和安全管理等技术,提出了环境感知应用系统架构图,包括环境数据采集单元、数据传输网络及云数据中心,从数据的收集、传输、存... 详细信息

环境感知应用系统广泛应用在工业生产、日常生活等领域.本文主要研究环境感知应用系统中的数据收集、安全传输和安全管理等技术,提出了环境感知应用系统架构图,包括环境数据采集单元、数据传输网络及云数据中心,从数据的收集、传输、存储、应用、管理等多个方面保护环境数据的安全性.首先,本文阐述了数据在环境感知应用系统中的收集和传输流程,然后,分析数据从环境数据源传输到现场控制单元,再接入互联网传输到云数据中心采用的安全传输方式.最后,研究了可应用于云数据中心的多种安全防护方法以保护数据安全,包括敏感数据加密、数据隔离、访问控制、权限管理、审计日志、备份恢复等.

关键词：环境感知安全传输云数据安全防护

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