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Direct and rapid detection of serum amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters to assist the diagnosis of panic disorder

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 377-384页

作者： Shiwen Liu xuerui Wan Meng Zhao Jiaqi Wang Weilan Wu Linlin You Yonggui Yuan Qian xu Rong Gao Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education School of Public Health Southeast University Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection School of Public HealthNanjing Medical University Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University

The measurement of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters（NTs） in serum plays a central role in the identification and monitoring of clinical panic disorder（PD）. However, the strong polarity and chemical heterogeneity of NTs make direct extraction and rapid detection extremely challenging. Herein, we developed a strategy that integrated solid phase extraction based on magnetic Fe3O4coated with polydopamine（Fe3O4@PDA） and direct analysis of mass spectrometry in real time（DART-MS） for quantification of 10 NTs. We systematically investigated the optimal conditions of this strategy to achieve good accuracy and precision. Compared with existing magnetic solid phase extraction methods for NTs detection in biological samples, this strategy could adsorb more targets while having similar adsorption efficiencies, and the total process time was reduced by an average of 69.42%. We rapidly determined the metabolic abnormality of 6 types of NTs in the serum of PD patients and demonstrated their diagnostic accuracy. In addition, an outstanding feature of PD in which tryptophan was more metabolized by the KYN pathway and the 5-hydroxytryptamine pathway was inhibited could be elucidated by this strategy. Our results highlighted the potential ability of Fe3O4@PDA coupled with DART-MS to assist in the clinical diagnosis of PD.

关键词： neurotransmitters panic disorder magnetic solid phase extraction direct analysis of mass spectrometry in real time

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CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan Li Andrew Li Qikun Hu Siyao Song Bingjun xu Qi Lu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos Laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Techno-economic assessments Electrochemistry Flow electrolyzer

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SensFL:Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning with Sensitive Regularization

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 385-404页

作者： Chongzhen Zhang Zhichen Liu Xiangrui xu Fuqiang Hu Jiao Dai Baigen Cai Wei Wang School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Shuohuang Railway Development Co. Ltd.National Energy GroupCangzhou062350China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In the realm of Intelligent Railway Transportation Systems,effective multi-party collaboration is crucial due to concerns over privacy and data *** Federated Learning(VFL)has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate such collaboration,allowing diverse entities to collectively enhance machine learning models without the need to share sensitive training ***,existing works have highlighted VFL’s susceptibility to privacy inference attacks,where an honest but curious server could potentially reconstruct a client’s raw data from embeddings uploaded by the *** vulnerability poses a significant threat to VFL-based intelligent railway transportation *** this paper,we introduce SensFL,a novel privacy-enhancing method to against privacy inference attacks in ***,SensFL integrates regularization of the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data into the model training process,effectively limiting the information contained in shared *** reducing the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data,SensFL can effectively resist reverse privacy attacks and prevent the reconstruction of the original data from the *** experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets and three different models to demonstrate the efficacy of *** results show that SensFL can effectively mitigate privacy inference attacks while maintaining the accuracy of the primary learning *** results underscore SensFL’s potential to advance privacy protection technologies within VFL-based intelligent railway systems,addressing critical security concerns in collaborative learning environments.

关键词： Vertical federated learning privacy defenses

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Rational design of lipid-activatable NIR-II probes for precisely imaging atherosclerotic plaque

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Xinyu xu Yuan Ma Hui Cao Li xu Haoming Chen Sulai Liu Wei Sun Guosheng Song Xiaobing Zhang State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Central Laboratory Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical University Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University

Atherosclerosis(AS) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, featuring lipid-laden plaque; however, the insufficient resolution and low sensitivity of traditional medical imaging techniques limit their application in lipid imaging. Currently, the second near-infrared(NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers promising sensitivity and convenience. However, existing probes have limitations in terms of signal-to-background ratio, penetration depth, and tissue scattering. Herein, we use a molecular regulatory strategy to design a lipid-activatable probe Rh-965 with high specificity and NIR-II emission for improved imaging potential in deep tissues. The potential of Rh-965 for imaging plaque lipids in mice with AS is demonstrated by localizing carotid artery plaques using NIR-II imaging. The development of more stable lipid-activated NIR-II probes can significantly enhance atherosclerosis diagnosis and facilitate in vivo imaging in deeper tissues.

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High-precision tip positioning composite feedforward control of linear colocated motion systems with Bi-Loop iterative feedforward tuning

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Junyu HU Yourui TAO Shanhu LI xu HAN College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology

To enhance the tip positioning accuracy and robustness against disturbances of linear colocated motion systems, a novel composite feedforward (COMFF) control with Bi-Loop iterative feedforward tuning (IFFT) is proposed. The tip positioning error consists of the coupled tip residual vibration and linear motor tracking error. Given the influence of nonlinear friction and load flexibility, the topology of COMFF is designed as decoupled structures so that COMFF can suppress the tip residual vibration and compensate for the linear motor tracking error compatibly. Furthermore, Bi-Loop IFFT is built to improve the robustness of COMFF in high-precision motor tracking performance. In the state space of the linear motor tracking error based on the projection theorem, two loops are performed in parallel along the iteration direction. One is the P-type iteration loop that drives linear motor tracking errors to converge to the zero state. The other is the observation loop constructed by the recursive least square with forgetting factors to accelerate the P-type iteration loop. Driven by the P-type iteration loop with the aid of the observation loop, the proposed COMFF is integrated with fast convergence and high robustness when confronted with model disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed COMFF combined with Bi-Loop IFFT is validated by experiments.

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Effects of mesoscale gravity waves on sporadic E simulated by a one-dimensional dynamic model

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： xu Zhou ZeZhong Li XinAn Yue LiBo Liu Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics/Heilongjiang Mohe National Geophysical Observatory/Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

In addition to being driven by tidal winds,the sporadic E(Es)layers are modulated by gravity waves(GWs),although the effects are not yet comprehensively *** this article,we discuss the effects of mesoscale GWs on the Es layers determined by using a newly developed model,MISE-1D(one-dimensional Model of Ionospheric Sporadic E),with low numerical dissipation and high *** by the wind fields resolved by the high-resolution version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension(WACCM-X),the MISE-1D simulation revealed that GWs significantly influence the evolution of the Es layer above 100 km but have a very limited effect at lower *** effects of GWs are diverse and complex,generally including the generation of fluctuating wavelike structures on the Es layer with frequencies similar to those of the *** mesoscale GWs can also cause increases in the density of Es layers,or they can disperse or diffuse the Es layers and increase their *** addition,the presence of GWs is a key factor in sustaining the Es layers in some cases.

关键词： sporadic E ion tidal layer gravity waves numerical simulation

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Spatiotemporal evolution of wildfire activity during the PaleoceneEocene Thermal Maximum in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： xueting WANG Zuoling CHEN Linlin CUI xu WANG State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum（PETM） was the most prominent warming event in the Cenozoic and serves as a geological analog for the current global warming driven by anthropogenic CO2emissions from burning fossil *** a primary disruptor of Earth's ecosystems, wildfire activity affects the balance of ecosystems, the global carbon cycle, and climate change. Therefore, studying the evolution and driving mechanisms of wildfires during the PETM is essential for predicting wildfire activity under global warming scenarios and for understanding the carbon cycle in the context of wildfire disturbances. Current research on wildfires during the PETM has mainly focused on the Northern Hemisphere, particularly Europe and North America, whereas studies on Chinese mainland remain limited. In this study, we analyzed black carbon（BC）concentration and carbon isotope(δ13C) in the Beigou section of the Nanyang Basin and the Xilutian section of the Fushun Basin to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of wildfires in arid/semi-arid and humid zones. We integrated these findings with those of previous studies on the paleoclimate of the research area to elucidate the driving mechanisms behind wildfire occurrences. Our results indicate that wildfire activity weakened at the onset of the PETM, with the negative carbon isotope period characterized by low wildfire activity, except for a brief resurgence in the Nanyang Basin. During the recovery phase of the PETM, wildfire activity gradually increased, returning to the pre-PETM levels. The prolonged low wildfire state was likely caused by extremely high temperatures and precipitation as well as the resulting vegetation succession. During the PETM recovery phase, increased wildfire activity transformed “short-term carbon sinks” of the biological-atmospheric carbon cycle into “long-term carbon sinks” through the burial of BC. This process of carbon sink conversion may have acted as a negative feedback mechanism, contributing to carbo

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Advances in the Development of Gradient Scaffolds Made of Nano‑Micromaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 455-500页

作者： Lei Fang Xiaoqi Lin Ruian xu Lu Liu Yu Zhang Feng Tian Jiao Jiao Li Jiajia xue Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia

The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues,including bone and interface tissues,necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered *** has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic *** on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues,this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues,specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the *** latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone,osteochondral,and tendon-to-bone interfaces are ***,the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed,as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.

关键词： Gradient scaffolds Musculoskeletal tissues Advanced manufacturing Biomaterials Tissue regeneration

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An Approximation Method for Singular Trudinger-Moser Inequality

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应用数学 2025年第1期38卷 64-70页

作者： ZHU Maochun xu Wenyan JIANG Rou School of Mathematical Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

In this paper,we construct a power type functional which is the approximation functional of the Singular Trudinger-Moser ***,we obtain the concentration level of the functional and show it converges to the concentrati... 详细信息

关键词： Singular Trudinger-Moser inequality Approximation functional Concentration level

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Characteristic changes in astrocyte properties during astrocyte-to-neuron conversion induced by NeuroD1/Ascl1/Dlx2

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1801-1815页

作者： Qing He Zhen Wang Yuchen Wang Mengjie Zhu Zhile Liang Kanghong Zhang Yuge xu Gong Chen GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Direct in vivo conversion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders. However, a few recent studies have claimed that neural transcription factors cannot convert astrocytes into neurons, attributing the converted neurons to pre-existing neurons mis-expressing transgenes. In this study, we overexpressed three distinct neural transcription factors––NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2––in reactive astrocytes in mouse cortices subjected to stab injury, resulting in a series of significant changes in astrocyte properties. Initially, the three neural transcription factors were exclusively expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. Over time, however, these astrocytes gradually adopted neuronal morphology, and the neural transcription factors was gradually observed in the nuclei of neuron-like cells instead of astrocytes. Furthermore,we noted that transcription factor-infected astrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the expression of astrocytic markers AQP4(astrocyte endfeet signal), CX43(gap junction signal), and S100β. Importantly, none of these changes could be attributed to transgene leakage into preexisting neurons. Therefore, our findings suggest that neural transcription factors such as NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2 can effectively convert reactive astrocytes into neurons in the adult mammalian brain.

关键词： aquaporin-4 Ascl1 astrocyte cortex Dlx2 gap junction glia-to-neuron conversion neural regeneration NeuroD1 reprogramming

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