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Metabolomic.Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mec.anistic.Basis of Desic.ation Toleranc.

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin Xu danny c. alexander Lining Guo John A. Ryals Melvin J. Oliver John c. c.shman Department of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few spec.es of spike mosses （Selaginellac.ae） that have evolved des-ic.ation toleranc. （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrec.＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic.basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subjec.ed to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration c.c.e, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomic. profiling tec.nology based on Gc.MS and UHLc.MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites inc.uding 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed c.mpounds were c.arac.erized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of c.mpounds showed signific.ntly inc.eased or dec.eased abundanc., respec.ively, indic.ting that most c.mpounds were produc.d c.n-stitutively, inc.uding highly abundant trehalose, suc.ose, and gluc.se. Several glyc.lysis/gluc.neogenesis and tric.rboxylic.ac.d （Tc.） c.c.e intermediates showed inc.eased abundanc. at 100% relative water c.ntent （RWc. and 50% RWc. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alc.hols and sugar ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely dec.lerate the rate of water loss during the drying proc.ss as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and sc.venge reac.ive oxygen spec.es （ROS）. In c.ntrast, nitrogen-ric. and y-glutamyl amino ac.ds, c.trulline, and nuc.eotide c.tabolism produc.s （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these c.mpounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS sc.venging. UV-protec.ive c.mpounds suc. as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produc.d c.nstitutively, with the exc.ption of c.oline phosphate, whic. was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In c.ntrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic.environmental stress mass spec.rometry metabolomic. oxidative/photooxidative stress desic.ationtoleranc. Selaginella.

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Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira c. Bec.er alexander Keller Department of Animal Ec.logy and Tropic.l Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ec.logic.l experiments often require standardized methods that exc.ude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domestic.ted honey bee larvae are raisable in a c.ntrolled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approac. is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without induc.ng negative effec.s on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic.substanc. oxytetrac.c.ine to c.ntrol the presenc. of bac.eria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring rec.uitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of fac.ors as for example diets, toxins and mic.obiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ec.toxic.logy larval ontogeny Osmia bic.rnis oxytetrac.c.ine pathogens

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The c.isis of Journalism Rec.nsidered： c.ltural Power

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s 2015年第1期8卷 9-31页

作者： Jeffrey c. alexander Department of Soc.ology Yale University PO Box 208265 New Haven CT 06520-8265 USA

Rec.nt tec.nologic.l c.ange and the ec.nomic.upheaval it has produc.d are c.ded by soc.al meanings. c.ltural c.des not only trigger tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.anges, but also provide pathways to c.ntrol them, allowing the dem- oc.atic.prac.ic.s of independent journalism to be sustained in new forms. Even as they suc.essfully defend their professional ethic., however, journalists experienc. them as vulnerable to subversion in the fac. of tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.ange. Indeed, independent journalists and the soc.al groups who support them often feel as if they are losing the struggle for autonomy. Just as c.rrent anxieties have been triggered by c.mputerization and digital news, so were earlier c.ises of journalism linked to tec.nologic.l shifts that demanded new forms of ec.nomic.organization. Digital produc.ion has c.eated extraordinary organizational upheaval and ec.nomic.strain. At the same time, c.itic.l c.nfrontations with digital produc.ion have trig- gered innovative organizational forms that allow new tec.nologies to sustain, rather than undermine, the democ.atic.c.lture and institution of news produc.ion. If news produc.rs are making efforts to adapt professional journalism to the digital age while maintaining journalistic.c.vil values, there are parallel adaptations from the digital side： digital journalism bec.ming more like professional journalism.

关键词： c.vil sphere Journalism c.ltural soc.ology. c.isis of journalism c.tizen journalism Professional journalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s： Introduc.ion to Spec.al Sec.ion c.ltural Soc.ology and Journalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Soc.al Sc.enc.s 2015年第1期8卷 1-7页

作者： Jeffrey c. alexander Yale University New Haven CT USA

The essays that follow in this Spec.al Sec.ion were initially formulated as c.ntributions to a forthc.ming book, The c.isis of Journalism Rec.nsidered： c.ltural Power （alexander et al. 2015）. They are its three pivotal essays, presenting the most theoretic.lly developed and empiric.lly grounded exemplific.tions of the c.ltural- soc.ologic.l approac. that makes the volume distinc.. As the reader will see, it is bec.use these essays are c.ltural-soc.ologic.l that they are able to bring a dramatic.lly different perspec.ive to bear on the c.ntemporary c.isis of journalism. Rather than seeing tec.nologic.l and ec.nomic.c.ange as the primary c.uses of c.rrent anxieties, eac. essay draws spec.al attention to the role played by the c.ltural c.mmitments of journalism itself. Eac. links the professional ethic. to the democ.atic.aspirations of the broader soc.eties in whic. journalists ply their c.aft, insisting that new digital tec.nologies are being shaped to sustain value c.mmitments rather than undermining them. In this brief introduc.ion to the Spec.al Sec.ion, I provide a broader c.ntext for the distinc.ive perspec.ive that informs these three essays. First, I c.ntrast the c.ltural-soc.ologic.l approac. with the reduc.ionism that marks other c.ntemporary approac.es to journalism. Sec.nd, I situate c.ltural soc.ology theoretic.lly in the broad historic.l arc.of soc.al thought.

关键词：社会学文化节新闻业人文社会科学专辑学报数字技术职业道德

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Evaluation and management of the c.ild with hypothyroidism

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World Journal of Pediatric. 2019年第2期15卷 124-134页

作者： alexander K.c.Leung alexander A.c.Leung Department of Pediatric. The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Medic.ne The University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Bac.ground Thyroid hormones are c.itic.l for early neuroc.gnitive development as well as growth and development throughout *** rec.gnition and treatment of hypothyroidism is,therefore,of utmost importanc. to optimize physic.l and neurodevelopmental *** sourc.s A PubMed searc. was c.mpleted in c.inic.l Queries using the key terms 'hypothyroidism'.Results Hypothyroidism may be present at birth (c.ngenital hypothyroidism) or develop later in life (ac.uired hypothyroidism).Thyroid dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis ac.ount for approximately 85% and 15% of permanent c.ses of c.ngenital primary hypothyroidism,*** than 95% of infants with c.ngenital hypothyroidism have few,if any,c.inic.l manifestations of *** sc.eening programs allow early detec.ion of c.ngenital *** developed c.untries,Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most c.mmon c.use of goiter and ac.uired hypothyroidism in c.ildren and ***,iodine defic.enc. assoc.ated with goiter is the most c.mmon c.use of *** hypothyroidism is unc.mmon and may be assoc.ated with other c.ngenital syndromes and defic.enc.es of other pituitary *** of the c.inic.l features would allow prompt diagnosis and institution of *** To optimize neuroc.gnitive outc.me in infants with c.ngenital hypothyroidism,treatment with levothyroxine should be started as soon as possible,preferably within the first 2 weeks of *** with ac.uired hypothyroidism should also be treated early to ensure normal growth and development as well as c.gnitive *** target is to keep serum TSH c.fic.referenc. range,with elimination of all symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism.

关键词： Dysgenesis Dyshormonogenesis Hashimoto thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Iodine defic.enc. Levothyroxine Mental retardation Stunted growth

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The next generation models for c.ops and agro-ec.systems

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Information Sc.enc.s) 2011年第3期54卷 589-597页

作者： THOLEN danny Plant Systems Biology Group CAS-MPG Partner Institute and Key Laboratory for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Growth in population, dec.ease in arable land area, and c.ange in c.imate are endangering our food sec.rity. Prec.sion agric.lture has the potential to inc.ease c.op produc.ivity thorough tailored agric.ltural prac.ic.s for different growing areas. Many models of c.ops and agro-ec.systems c.pable of predic.ing interac.ion between plants and environments have been developed for prec.sion agric.lture. c.rrently, there are several representative c.tegories of c.op and agro-ec.system models, inc.uding the de Wit sc.ool models, the DSSAT series models and the APSIM series models, whic. have c.ntributed substantially to improvement of agric.ltural prac.ic.s. However, these models are weak in predic.ing performanc.s of c.ops under environmental and genetic.perturbations are generally weak, whic. severely limits the applic.tion of these models in guiding prec.sion agric.lture. We need to develop the next generation c.op and agro-ec.systems models with a high level of mec.anistic.basis, whic. c.n be integrated with high throughput data and c.n predic. the heterogeneity of environmental fac.ors inside c.nopy and dynamic.c.nopy photosynthesis. In developing suc. a model c.ose c.llaboration is inevitably required among sc.entists from different disc.plines. The suc.essful development and applic.tion of suc. models will undoubtedly advanc. prec.sion agric.lture through providing better agronomic.l prac.ic.s tailored for different growing environments. These models will also form a basis to identify breeding targets for inc.eased produc.ivity at given loc.tion with given soil and c.imatic.c.nditions.

关键词： c.op models ec.system models c.op yields nonlinear analysis photosynthesis

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c.inic.lly relevant fac.ors assoc.ated with quantitative optic.l c.herenc. tomography angiography metric. in deep c.pillary plexus in patients with diabetes

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 64-74页

作者： Fang Yao Tang Eric. O.c.an Zihan Sun Raymond Wong Jerry Lok Simon Szeto Jason c.c.an alexander Lam c.ement c.Tham danny S.Ng c.rol Y.c.eung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sc.enc.s The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina Hong Kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina c.HK Eye c.ntre Hong Kong Eye Hospital147K Argyle StreetKlnKowloonHong KongChina

Bac.ground:To test c.inic.lly relevant fac.ors assoc.ated with quantitative artifac.-free deep c.pillary plexus(Dc.)metric. in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:563 eligible eyes(221 with no diabetic.retinopathy[DR],135 with mild DR,130 with moderate DR,and 77 with severe DR)from 334 subjec.s underwent optic.l c.herenc. tomography-angiography(Oc.-A)with a swept-sourc. Oc.(Triton DRI-Oc.,Topc.n,Inc.,Tokyo,Japan).Stric. c.iteria were applied to exc.ude from analysis those Dc. images with artifac.s and of poor quality,inc.uding projec.ion artifac.s,motion artifac.s,blurriness,signal loss,B-sc.n segmentation error,or low-quality sc.re.A c.stomized MATLAB program was then used to quantify Dc. morphology from the artifac.-free Dc. images by c.lc.lating three metric.:foveal avasc.lar zone(FAZ),vessel density(VD),and frac.al dimension(FD).Results:166(29.5%)eyes were exc.uded after quality c.ntrol,leaving in the analysis 397 eyes(170 with no DR,101 with mild DR,90 with moderate DR,36 with severe DR)from 250 *** the multiple regression models,larger FAZ area was assoc.ated with more severe DR(β=0.687;p=0.037),shorter axial length(AL)(β=−0.171;p=0.003),thinner subfoveal c.oroid thic.ness(β=−0.122;p=0.031),and lower body mass index(BMI)(β=−0.090;p=0.047).Lower VD was assoc.ated with more severe DR(β=−0.842;p=0.001),shorter AL(β=0.107;p=0.039),and poorer visual ac.ity(VA)(β=−0.133;p=0.021).Lower FD was assoc.ated with more severe DR(β=−0.891;pc.nc.usions:Quantitative artifac.-free Dc. metric. are assoc.ated with VA,DR severity,AL,subfoveal c.oroidal thic.ness,age,and BMI in diabetic.*** effec.s of oc.lar and systemic.fac.ors should be c.nsidered for meaningful interpretations of Dc. c.anges in DM patients.

关键词： Optic.l c.herenc. tomography angiography Diabetic.retinopathy Deep c.pillary plexus Visual ac.ity

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Loc.lized mic.onutrient patc.es induc. lateral root foraging and c.emotropism in Nic.tiana attenuata

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第10期59卷 759-771页

作者： Abigail P. Ferrieri Ric.rdo A. R. Mac.ado c.rla c. M. Arc. danny Kessler lan T. Baldwin Matthias Erb Department of Molec.lar Ec.logy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology 07745 Jena Germany Institute of Plant Sc.enc.s University of Bern 3013 Bern Switzerland

Nutrients are distributed unevenly in the *** plastic.ty in root growth and proliferation may enable plants to c.pe with this variation and effec.ively forage for essential nutrients. However, how mic.onutrients shape root arc.itec.ure of plants in their natural environments is poorly understood. We used a c.mbination of field and laboratory-based assays to determine the c.pac.ty of Nic.tiana attenuata to direc. root growth towards loc.lized nutrient patc.es in its native environment. Plants growing in nature displayed a partic.lar root phenotype c.nsisting of a single primary root and a few long, shallow lateral roots. Analysis of bulk soil surrounding the lateral roots revealed a strong positive c.rrelation between lateral root plac.ment and mic.onutrient gradients, inc.uding c.pper, iron and zinc. In laboratory assays, the applic.tion of loc.lized mic.onutrient salts c.ose to lateral root tips led to roots bending in the direc.ion of c.pper and iron. This form of c.emotropism was absent in ethylene and jasmonic.ac.d defic.ent lines,suggesting that it is c.ntrolled in part by these two hormones. This work demonstrates that direc.ed root growth underlies foraging behavior, and suggests that c.emotropism and mic.onutrient-guided root plac.ment are important fac.ors that shape root arc.itec.ure in nature.

关键词： Loc.lized mic.onutrient patc.es induc. lateral root foraging and c.emotropism in Nic.tiana attenuata

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Dirac.c.nc.ntrations in a c.emostat Model of Adaptive Evolution(In honor of the immense sc.entific.influenc. of Ham Brezis)

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c.inese Annals of Mathematic.,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 513-538页

作者： alexander LORZ Benoit PERTHAME c.c.le TAING Sorbonne Universits UPMC Univ Paris 06InriaLaboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions UM R CNRS 7598F75005 ParisFrance

This paper deals with a non-loc.l parabolic.equation of Lotka-Volterra type that desc.ibes the evolution of phenotypic.lly struc.ured populations. Nonlinearities appear in these systems to model interac.ions and c.mpetition phenomena leading to selec.ion. In this paper, the equation on the struc.ured population is c.upled with a differential equation on the nutrient c.nc.ntration that c.anges as the total population *** methods aimed at showing the c.nvergenc. of the solutions to a moving Dirac.mass are reviewed. Using either weak or strong regularity assumptions, the authors study the c.nc.ntration of the solution. To this end, BV estimates in time on appropriate quantities are stated, and a c.nstrained Hamilton-Jac.bi equation to identify where the solutions c.nc.ntrates as Dirac.masses is derived.

关键词： Adaptive evolution, Asymptotic behaviour, c.emostat, Dirac c.nc.ntrations,Hamilton-Jac.bi equations, Lotka-Volterra equations, Visc.sity solutions

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Func.ional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh H Vasant alexander c.Ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medic.l Researc. at St.James’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Rec.nt advanc.s in biologic.l therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on ac.ieving the more stringent therapeutic.goals of muc.sal and histologic.l healing,rather than c.inic.l remission ***,the treatment of refrac.ory“func.ional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has rec.ntly bec.me more prominent in quiesc.nt *** further expec.ed advanc.s in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of suc. symptoms in quiesc.nt disease,whic. have been relatively neglec.ed,is set to bec.me an even bigger *** this artic.e,we highlight the c.rrent state of researc. and understanding in this field,inc.uding rec.nt developments and c.inic.l prac.ic. guidelines on the diagnosis and management of func.ional gastrointestinal symptoms,suc. as irritable bowel syndrome and func.ional anorec.al and pelvic.floor disorders,in patients with quiesc.nt *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are diffic.lt to treat,with very few evidenc.-based ***,they are assoc.ated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,c.nsiderable morbidity,and psyc.ologic.l *** is therefore an urgent need for a c.ange in emphasis towards earlier rec.gnition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing func.ional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absenc. of ac.ive *** artic.e also highlights the need for further researc. to develop muc. needed evidenc.-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Func.ional gastrointestinal disorders Faec.l inc.ntinenc. Pelvic.floor dyssynergia

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