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Geological environment in the South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 403-408页

作者： danling tang Zhen SUN Guangjun SUI Guangdong Remote Sensing Center for Marine Ecology and Environment Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458ChinaSouth China Sea Institute of OceanographyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China South China Sea Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of SciencesChinaSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458China Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Guangzhou 510420China

The South China Sea(SCS),situated in southern China,at the junction of the Pacific Plate,the Eurasian Plate,and the Indian Ocean Plate,is a northeast-southwest trending semi-enclosed *** spans an area of approximately 3.5 million square kilometers and has an average water depth of about 1200 m,its deepest point reaching 5559 *** 2021,a scientific expedition(called as U1 voyage)in the South China Sea was organized by the Innovation Research Team of Guangdong Special Key Program from March to April,this marks the first comprehensive scientific research voyage to the southern Uboundary *** of a total of 30 papers,this special issue is to share a portion of the research findings from this scientific expedition U1 voyage,covering six aspects:1)characteristics of the marine ecosystem in the SCS and its response to marine dynamic processes;2)multi-scale marine dynamic processes,sea-air interactions,and forecasting techniques in the SCS;3)geomorphology and geological structure;4)sedimentary processes and resource potential in the SCS;5)geostrategy,rights and interests maintenance and strategic countermeasures in the SCS;6)marine scientific *** integrating the scientific research with the study of history,jurisprudence and international strategies,this issue presents new insights into the formation history and scope evolution of the SCS,and it also seeks to establish a new scientific framework based on the marine governance and development of the SCS.

关键词： South China Sea U-boundary geological science U 1 voyage ecological environment ocean remote sensing

Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios as environmental and growth proxies for bivalve shells from the Haima cold seep,South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 660-672页

作者： Jingya CAO Shengxiong YANG danling tang Junxi FENG Jinqiang LIANG Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Department of Ocean Science Hong Kong University of Science&TechnologyHong Kong 999077China MLR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Guangzhou Marine Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 511458China

Bivalve shell fossils,cemented by authigenic carbonates,are widely spread in the Haima cold seep,Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea(SCS).In this study,we examined an element profile of Gigantidas platifrons in the Haima cold seeps at a water depth of 1381 *** on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the prismatic layer and nacreous layer were identified,which are characterized by prismatic structure and stratified structure,*** addition,the profile can be subdivided into two parts:altered and unaltered *** inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)mapping shows that the element concentrations of the altered zones were influenced by the authigenic carbonate rocks,whereas the element concentrations of unaltered zones remain ***-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that the mineral constituent of the prismatic layer is mainly composed of *** with the growth profile,Mg/Ca ratios of unaltered zones have minor variations,ranging 0.72-0.97 mmol/mol(mean=0.87 mmol/mol),with estimated temperatures of 3.8-4.1℃,indicating that the temperature of the surrounding seawater remains constant and agree with the measured data of 3.9℃which was conducted by a conductivity-temperature-depth system(CTD).The minor variations of Ba/Ca ratios(0.01-0.06 mmol/mol;mean=0.04 mmol/mol)indicate a relatively stabilized salinity of the surrounding seawater.S/Ca ratios show large variations of 0.04-4.15 mmol/mol(mean=1.37 mmol/mol).S/Ca ratios have regular variations which generally correspond to the variations of the Mg/Ca ratios,highlighting that the S/Ca ratios of bivalve shells show the potential to reflect the growth rate of the ***,further studies should be carried out on the understanding of the links between the S/Ca ratios and seepage intensity of cold-seep fluids.

关键词： Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICPMS) Gigantidas platifrons Haima cold seep South China Sea

A marine gravimeter based on electromagnetic damping and its tests in the South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 792-803页

作者： Pengfei WU Lin WU Lifeng BAO Long WANG Bo WANG danling tang State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Remote Sensing Center for Marine Ecology and Environment(GDRS) Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

A new gravity sensor based on electromagnetic damping for the JMGrav marine gravimeter is *** new gravity sensor considered the advanced construction methods of the electromagnetic damping system of the *** design features of the new system are discussed and the research survey data in the South China Sea are *** simulations are applied to model the magnetic and mechanical characteristics of the system using finite element analysis and to evaluate the force distribution and the resulting damping *** performance characteristics of the system were tested on a motion simulator in laboratory,and the gravimeter was subjected to vertical accelerations of up to 100 Gal in 1-1000 *** was found that the amplitude reduction of vertical accelerations in 3-15 s is 30-45 dB,with a time lag of 2-5 s,while the effect on gravity in period greater than 600 s is less than 0.5 dB,with a time lag of less than 100 *** accelerations cause discrepancies of approximately only 1 mGal between the static value and the mean dynamic *** sea tests were conducted in September *** measurements were taken with a JMGrav marine gravimeter onboard the R/V Dongfanghong 3,and the effective survey line exceeded 2000 *** irregular accelerations with peaks up to 100 Gal yielded a reduction of approximately 40 dB in *** survey data were evaluated using ocean gravity field models and grid line *** results show that the accuracy of the gravity measurements is better than 2 mGal.

关键词： electromagnetic damping JMGrav marine gravimeter marine gravity survey

An internally damped inertial platform for marine gravimetry and a test case in the South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 816-829页

作者： Pengfei WU Lin WU Lifeng BAO Long WANG Bo WANG danling tang State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Remote Sensing Center for Marine Ecology and Environment(GDRS) Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

To dampen periodic off-levelling motions within an inertial platform while undergoing horizontal accelerations of the same period and to achieve a levelling accuracy of a few tens of arcseconds with that system,an internally damped inertial platform for a marine scalar gravity system was the *** for attenuating horizontal acceleration and reducing off-levelling error by a satisfactory gyro-levelling loop,which are fundamental to the internally damped inertial platform,were designed and *** addition,phase delays are introduced by the levelling *** resulting off-levelling gravity errors were analyzed and modeled.A series of tests on a motion simulator were performed in laboratory for a variety of simulated sea *** found that the motion of the platform is a function of the amplitude and period of the simulated ship motions and ranges between 10 and 40 *** addition,the phase lag between platform motion and ship motion is not constant but ranges 180°-270°,depending on the period and amplitude of the ***,the platform,on which a gravimeter was mounted,was installed on the R/V Shiyan 2 to conduct a gravity survey in the South China *** rough sea conditions,it was shown that in short periods of 2-30 s,the off-levelling angle was less than 30 arcseconds,and the phase lagged the horizontal acceleration by 230°-260°.From a repeated survey line and intersecting survey points,the estimated errors of gravity measurements were between 1.3 and 1.7 *** marine measurements results were compared with those of satellite altimetry data and show a mean value of 0.5 mGal in a standard deviation of 1.5 mGal.

关键词： internally damped platform gyro-levelling loop marine gravimetry

A preliminary study on the acoustic properties of seafloor sediment in the southern U-boundary of the South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 687-693页

作者： Zhengyu HOU danling tang Yao XIAO Jingqiang WANG Bo ZHANG Xiaoming CUI Peng HAO School of Ocean Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen University&Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519000China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources(MNR)Qingdao 266061China Beijing Information Science&Technology University Beijing 100192China Naval Research Institute Tianjin 300000China Engineering Technology Branch Company of CNOOC Energy Technology&Services Limited CNOOC Experimental CenterTianjin 300000China State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The acoustic properties of seafloor sediment are essential parameters in the exploration of marine resources,ocean scientific research and ocean *** sediment samples were collected at the southern U-boundary of the South China Sea(SCS),and the acoustic and physical properties were measured in the *** correlation between physical and sound speed ratio(SSR)was discussed,and SSR-physical property empirical regressions in the Sunda Shelf were established for the first *** with the northern continental shelf of SCS,the Sunda Shelf are mainly silty and sand sediment,and the SSR ranges from 0.9949 to 1.0944,which has higher SSR than the northern continental shelf,implies that the Sunda Shelf is a high SSR *** the same kind of sediment has different physical properties,the single physical parameter of sediment cannot fully represent the acoustic properties of sediment,therefore,the multiple parameter prediction model should develop in the future to improve the prediction precision.

关键词： acoustic properties seafloor sediment South China Sea(SCS) U-boundary

Environmental Ecological Response to Increasing Water Temperature in the Daya Bay, Southern China in 1982-2012

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Natural Resources 2016年第4期7卷 184-192页

作者： Yanju Hao danling tang Laura Boicenco Sufen Wang Yantai Research Institute China Agricultural University Yantai China Research Center for Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology & Environment State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China National Institute for Marine Research and Development “GrigoreAntipa” Constanta Romania

The increase of water temperature, due to thermal discharges from two nuclear power stations, was one of the most significant environmental changes since 1982 in the Daya Bay, located in the north of the South China Sea. This study investigates the long-term (1982-2012) environmental changes in Daya Bay in response to the increase of water temperature, via comprehensively interpreting and analyzing both satellite and in situ observations along with previous data. The results show that: 1) salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients had been enhanced after the thermal discharges started in 1994;2) the concentration of Chl-a increased while the net-phytoplankton abundance decreased;3) diversity of the phytoplankton community had decreased;4) fishery production had declined;and 5) frequency of Harmful Algal Bloom occurrence had increased. Satellite images show clearly that a thermal plume from the power stations extended toward the interior of Daya Bay, and that surface temperature of the seawater increased as one approached the power stations. The analysis suggests that the thermal water discharged from the two power stations was a driver of the ecosystem’s change in Daya Bay. Several factors, including nutrients, salinity, DO, and COD, varied according to the increase of water temperature. These factors affected the water quality, Chl-a, and phytoplankton in the short term and impaired aquatic organisms and the whole ecosystem in the long term.

关键词： Daya Bay Ecosystem Thermal Discharge Water Temperature Nuclear Power Station

Preliminary Investigation of Typhoon Induced Chlorophyll fronts East of Hainan Island

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Preliminary Investigation of Typhoon Induced Chlorophyll fro...

南海西部夏季表层浮游植物粒径结构分布特征分析

2011 International Conference on Ecological Protection of Lakes-Wetlands-Watershed and Application of 3S Technology（EPLWW3S 2011）

作者： Yongqiang Chen danling tang Research Center for Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology/Environment and Laboratory for Tropical Marine Environment Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Tropical Marine Biological Research station South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Chlorophyll front induced by typhoon Damrey east of Hainan Island is described from satellite imagery of ocean color. Daily images from MODIS-Aqua in 2005 were analyzed and processed with the BOA（e.g. Belkin and O’Reilly（2009）） algorithm for front detection. High Chl-a concentration wake was detected 5 days after the passage of typhoon. Chl-a fronts were located at the edge of Chl-a wake and nearshore area. Nearshore Chl-a fronts may be owing to bathymetry and strong tidal mixing which was enhanced after passage of typhoon. Fronts at the edge of Chl-a wake were due to typhoon induced vertical mixing and upwelling.

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热带海洋学报 2017年第4期36卷 93-101页

作者：梁文钊唐丹玲热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所)海洋生态环境遥感中心广东广州510301 中国科学院大学北京100049

受夏季西南季风影响,南海西部会形成一支离岸急流,该急流通常与冷涡和暖涡组成偶极结构,共同影响该海域生态环境。本研究利用2014年9月现场和卫星数据,首次结合南海西部急流和冷暖涡过程,分析它们对该海域浮游植物粒径结构的影响。数据... 详细信息

受夏季西南季风影响,南海西部会形成一支离岸急流,该急流通常与冷涡和暖涡组成偶极结构,共同影响该海域生态环境。本研究利用2014年9月现场和卫星数据,首次结合南海西部急流和冷暖涡过程,分析它们对该海域浮游植物粒径结构的影响。数据显示,表层以微微型浮游植物(0.2~2μm)为主,占总叶绿素a的平均比例为76.7%。在急流区中,微型浮游植物(2~20μm)和小型浮游植物浓度(20~200μm)占总叶绿素a平均比例相对较高,且与总叶绿素浓度呈线性正相关。暖涡区小型浮游植物比例(平均10.3%)高于冷涡区(平均3.6%)。结果表明,物理动力过程是南海西部夏季表层浮游植物粒径结构的主要影响因素。急流和冷暖涡可以提升小型浮游植物的比例,改变表层的粒径结构。急流对沿岸上升流区浮游植物的水平输送是表层小型浮游植物的主要来源。涡旋的辐合、辐散与急流的相互作用,导致各粒径浮游植物在冷涡边缘出现锋面分布,并且提高了暖涡区表层小型浮游植物的比例。冷涡的垂直抽吸作用加强了营养盐供给,也提高了冷涡中心表层小型浮游植物的比例。

关键词：南海西部浮游植物粒径结构上升流急流涡旋

大亚湾浮游植物群落结构变化及其对水温上升的响应

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生态环境学报 2010年第8期19卷 1794-1800页

作者：郝彦菊唐丹玲中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所山东烟台264003 中国科学院南海海洋研究所广东广州510301 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

大亚湾核电站1994年建成运行。文章研究大亚湾长时期的生态和环境变化,分析大亚湾浮游植物群落结构变化与环境变化,特别是水温上升的相关性。研究显示,网采浮游植物种类数目在1994年后减少了16种;1994—2004年间,网采浮游植物细胞相对... 详细信息

大亚湾核电站1994年建成运行。文章研究大亚湾长时期的生态和环境变化,分析大亚湾浮游植物群落结构变化与环境变化,特别是水温上升的相关性。研究显示,网采浮游植物种类数目在1994年后减少了16种;1994—2004年间,网采浮游植物细胞相对密度以2.13×107m-3·a-1的速率下降,而在1985—2004年间核电站建站的下降速率为2.85×106m-3·a-1;与1982年和1994年相比,1998年的浮游植物群落优势种中细胞个体相对较大的种的比重下降,细胞个体相对较小的种的比重上升;从1985年到2003年,叶绿素a(Chl-a)质量浓度的上升速率为0.069mg·m-3·a-1,而1994年到2003年的上升速率加快,为0.076mg·m3·a-1。与此同时,大亚湾的水温在1994年后明显上升,海水盐度、溶解氧(DO)、化学耗氧量(COD)、和营养盐在1994年后变化幅度也增大。研究结果揭示,核电站热排放导致的水温上升是影响大亚湾浮游植物群落结构的主要因素。

关键词：浮游植物群落结构叶绿素a 水温热排放大亚湾