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Small bowel video capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease: What have we learned in the last ten years?

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011年第2期3卷 23-29页

作者： Alfredo J Lucendo danila Guagnozzi Department of Gastroenterology Hospital General de Tomelloso Tomelloso 13700 Ciudad Real Spain

Since its introduction in 2001, capsule endoscopy (CE) has become the most important advance in the study of small bowel disease, including Crohn's disease (CD). This technique has been demonstrated to be superior to all other current forms of radiological investigation in detecting mucosal abnormalities of small bowel nonstricturing CD. CE has proven to be extremely useful in diagnosing CD in patients with inconclusive findings from ileocolonoscopy and x-ray-based studies. Almost half of all patients with CD involving the ileum also present lesions in proximal intestinal segments, with the small bowel being exclusively involved in up to 30% of all CD cases. Despite the widespread use of CE, several questions concerning the utility of this technique remain unanswered. The lack of commonly agreed diagnostic criteria for defining CD lesions with the aid of CE may have had an influence on the variation in diagnostic re sults for CE reported in the literature. The utility of CE in monitoring CD and in guiding therapy has also been proposed. Furthermore, CE could be a useful second-line technique for patients with an established diagn osis of CD and unexplained symptoms. Finally, as no thres hold for CD diagnosis has been agreed upon, a se verity scale of mucosal disease activity has notbeen universally followed. None of the available activity indexes based on CE findings has been independently validated. This article discusses several cutting-edge aspects of the usefulness of CE in CD 10 years after its introduction as a sensible method to study the small intestine.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease Inflammatory bowel disease

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Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals Accompanying Growth of Single Aluminum Crystals： Experimental Results and Theoretical Model of the Cluster

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第4期6卷 358-362页

作者： Vorontsov Vadlm Bonsovlch Zhuravlev danila Victorovich Physics and Chemistry Department Ural State University of Railway Transport （USURT） Yekaterinburg 620034 Russia

The purpose of the work is to identify the acoustic emission (AE) signal in the melt and from the interphase during the crystal growth and to establish the connection between issue parameters: the number of signal events of frequency and the signal power with the growth conditions of temperature gradient and crystallization rate. Experiments on single crystal growth were carried out using hardware and software system which allows to perform spectral Fourier analysis of AE signals and to simultaneously remove the cooling curve for the entire period of crystallization. On the basis of spectral analysis of AE signals, a theoretical model of clusters in the aluminum melt was designed. The experimental results indicate an uneven abrupt advancement of the interface according to the configuration of each individual cluster.

关键词：声发射(AE)信号晶体生长过程生长实验信号分析铝熔体集群模型结晶速率

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