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Strategic comparison of membrane-assisted and membrane-less water electrolyzers and their potential application in direct seawater splitting(DSS)

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第4期8卷 989-1005页

作者： Abdul Malek Xu lu Paul R.Shearing Dan J.l.Brett Guanjie He Clean Combustion Research Center(CCRC) Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KAUST Solar Center(KSC) Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK Department of Chemical Engineering University College London(UCL)Gower StLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Electrocatalytic splitting of water by means of renewable energy as the electricity supply is one of the most promising methods for storing green renewable energy as hydrogen. Although two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water, there is inadequacy of freshwater in most parts of the world. Hence, splitting seawater instead of freshwater could be a truly sustainable alternative. However, direct seawater splitting faces challenges because of the complex composition of seawater. The composition, and hence, the local chemistry of seawater may vary depending on its origin, and in most cases, tracking of the side reactions and standardizing and customizing the catalytic process will be an extra challenge. The corrosion of catalysts and competitive side reactions due to the presence of various inorganic and organic pollutants create challenges for developing stable electro-catalysts. Hence, seawater splitting generally involves a two-step process, i.e., purification of seawater using reverse osmosis and then subsequent fresh water splitting. However, this demands two separate chambers and larger space, and increases complexity of the reactor design. Recently, there have been efforts to directly split seawater without the reverse osmosis step. Herein, we represent the most recent innovative approaches to avoid the two-step process, and compare the potential application of membrane-assisted and membrane-less electrolyzers in direct seawater splitting(DSS). We particularly discuss the device engineering, and propose a novel electrolyzer design strategies for concentration gradient based membrane-less microfluidic electrolyzer.

关键词： Electrocatalytic seawater splitting Direct seawater splitting Osmosis Concentration cells Membrane-less electrolyzer Microfluidic electrolyzer

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Rapid Growth of TiNi intermetallic compound within undercooled Ti_(50)Ni_(50)alloy under electrostatic levitation condition

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第18期77卷 82-89页

作者： P.F.Zou C.H.Zheng l.Hu H.P.Wang School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University.Xi'an710072China

The undercooling dependence of the solidification mechanism was systematically explored by the electrostatic levitation(ESl)*** the experiments,the maximum undercooling reached up to 406 K(0.26 T_l)and the growth velocity of the primary TiNi phase was in-situ determined at various *** the initial increase of alloy undercooling,the value of growth velocity sluggishly rose followed by a power *** this case,the primary TiNi phase preferentially developed as the equiaxed dendrite,then the remnant liquid participated as Ti_(2)Ni andα-Ti phases on the grain *** the undercooling exceeded the critical value of 350 K,the growth velocity of the primary phase displayed a sharply increase ***,the TEM results demonstrated that the precipitation of the intermetallic Ti_(2)Ni compound was gradually restrained during the rapid solidification and the R-phase existing in the TiNi matrix at large undercooling implied that the martensitic transformation was incomplete.

关键词： Undercooling Ti-Ni alloy Solidification Growth kinetics

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One-step multi-compositional oxidation of YSi alloy:Experiments and ab initio computation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第27期158卷 253-262页

作者： W.J.Wang J.C.luo l.Chen G.J.Yang State Key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Institute Suzhou 215123China

YSi alloy is a promising candidate as oxidation resistant coatings for both the bond coat of environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)and anti-ablation coatings at a high temperature of∼1300℃.In this study,a one-step multi-compositional oxidation by rapid heating oxidation mode is proposed to reduce the oxidation rate by 3.6 times compared to conventional slow heating oxidation *** show that preferentially formed Y_(2)O_(3) oxide initiates a multi-step oxidation,produces a cracking and porous oxides,and thereby resulting in a fast oxidation with *** one-step multi-compositional oxidation with a compact and dense Y_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)scale contributes to the much better oxidation resistance for rapid heating oxidation mode of YSi *** stable formation of Y_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)scale is comprehensively understood by the energy barrier,charge density and electronic level based on density functional *** study demonstrates a promising application of YSi alloy by rapid heating oxidation mode.

关键词： YSi alloy One-step oxidation Multi-compositional scale Y_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) Energy barrier

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Knee osteoarthritis:Therapeutic alternatives in primary care

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第2期8卷 187-191页

作者： Allison l Evaniew Nathan Evaniew Division of Orthopaedics Department of SurgeryMcMaster University

AIM To discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives for managing knee osteoarthritis in primary care by primary health care nurse *** A case example is presented, the evidence-based guideline recommendations of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons are reviewed, and a plan of care is *** Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis seen in primary care, and it is a major public health issue because the aging population and widespread obesity have drastically increased incidence. Osteoarthritis is clinically associated with escalating chronic pain, physical disability, and decreased quality of life. Early diagnosis of mild osteoarthritis in relatively young patients presents an opportunity for primary health care providers to manage pain, increase quality of life, and decrease risk of disability. CONClUSION Primary health care providers can implement these recommendations in their own practices to provide care to patients with knee osteoarthritis based on current best evidence.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Knee Primary care Nurse practitioner Guidelines

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Hierarchical sodium-rich Prussian blue hollow nanospheres as high-performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2018年第8期11卷 3979-3990页

作者： Xiao Tang Hao liu Dawei Su Peter H. l. Notten Guoxiu wang Center for Clean Energy Technology Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEKg) Forschungszentrum Julich Julich D-52425 Germany

Recently, Prussian blue and its analogues （PBAs） have attracted tremendous attention as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries because of their good cycling performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, they still suffer from kinetic problems associated with the solid-state diffusion of sodium ions during charge and discharge processes, which leads to low specific capacity and poor rate performances. In this work, novel sodium iron hexacyanoferrate nanospheres with a hierarchical hollow architecture have been fabricated as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries by a facile template method. Due to the unique hollow sphere morpholog~ sodium iron hexacyanoferrate nanospheres can provide large numbers of active sites and high diffusion dynamics for sodium ions, thus delivering a high specific capacity （142 mAh/g）, a superior rate capabili, and an excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, the sodium insertion/extraction mechanism has been studied by in situ X-ray diffraction, which provides further insight into the crystal structure change of the sodium iron hexacyanoferrate nanosphere cathode material during charge and discharge processes.

关键词： sodium-rich sodium ironhexacyanoferrate hollow nanospheres cathode sodium-ion batteries

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Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 775-782页

作者： S Priyaragini S Veena D Swetha l Karthik G Kumar K V Bhaskara Rao Molecular and Microbiology Research laboratory Environmental Biotechnology Division School of Bio Sciences and Technology VIT University

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 （AR-79） and Acid Red 80 （AR-80）. Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/ml of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.

关键词： actinobacteria azo dye degradation ZiO2 NPs biotoxicity Tagetes erecta

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Dislocation ordering and texture strengthening of naturally aged Al-Cu-Mg alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 1-14页

作者： F.liu Z.Y.liu G.Y.He l.N.Ou School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Strength Structural Materials Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Stability of grain structure,dislocation ordering and strengthening mechanisms of the naturally aged AlCu-Mg alloy after solution treatment are investigated by using optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results show that {100},{100},{110} and {110}slip systems can be activated after solution treatment,which can promote the formation of {110}Goss *** combination effect of T-Al_(20)Cu_(2) Mn_(3) phase and Goss-oriented grains with large Taylor factor makes the solution-treated alloys display excellent stability of grain *** enhanced yield strength of the alloy is ascribed to grain-refine strengthening,dispersed particles strengthening,dislocation strengthening and texture *** coarsening of the second phase is responsible for softening of the alloy after annealing at 400 ℃+solution treatment at 475 ℃.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mg alloy Dislocation ordering Goss texture Grain structure stability Texture strengthening

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INVERTING GENERATING FUNCTIONS WITH INCREASED NUMERICAl PRECISION-A COMPUTATIONAl EXPERIENCE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第4期20卷 475-494页

作者： Nam K. KIM Mohan l. CHAUDHRY Bong K. YOON Kilhwan KIM Department of Industrial Engineering Chonnam National University Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Royal Military College of Canada Defense Management College Korea National Defense University Internet Research lab. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

In this paper, we consider the numerical inversion of a variety of generating functions （GFs） that arise in the area of engineering and non-engineering fields. Three classes of GFs are taken into account in a comprehensive manner： classes of probability generating functions （PGFs） that are given in rational and non-rational forms, and a class of GFs that are not PGFs. Among others, those PGFs that are not explicitly given but contain a number of unknowns are largely considered as they are often encountered in many interesting applied problems. For the numerical inversion of GFs, we use the methods of the discrete （fast） Fourier transform and the Taylor series expansion. Through these methods, we show that it is remarkably easy to obtain the desired sequence to any given accuracy, so long as enough numerical precision is used in computations. Since high precision is readily available in current software packages and programming languages, one can now lift, with little effort, the so-called laplacian curtain that veils the sequence of interest. To demonstrate, we take a series of representative examples： the PGF of the number of customers in the discrete-time Geo^X/Geo/c queue, the same in the continuous-time M^X/D/c queue, and the GFs arising in the discrete-time renewal process.

关键词： Queuing applied probability numerical inversion generating function

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Crystallographic Analysis of Martensite in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr Steel using EBSD

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第10期27卷 920-930页

作者： Pasi P.Suikkanen Cyril Cayron Anthony J.DeArdo l.Pentti Karjalainen Department of Mechanical Engineering University of OuluBox 420090014 University of Oulu CEA LITEN17 rues des Martys38054GrenobleFrance Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh

The crystallography of martensite formed in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1,5Si-0.6Cr steel was studied using the electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD） technique. The results showed that the observed orientation relationship （OR） was closer to that of Nishiyama-Wassermann （N-W） than Kurdjumov-Sachs. The martensite consisted of parallel laths forming morphological packets. Typically, there were three different lath orientations in a morphological packet consisting of three specific N-W OR variants sharing the same {111} austenite plane. A packet of martensite laths with a common {111} austenite plane was termed a crystallographic packet. Generally, the crystallographic packet size corresponded to the morphological packet size, but occasionally the morphological packet was found to consist of two or more crystallographic packets. Therefore, the crystallographic packet size appeared to be finer than the morphological packet size. The relative orientation between the variants in crystallographic packets was found to be near 60°〈110〉, which explains the strong peak observed near 60° in the grain boundary misorientation distribution. Martensite also contained a high fraction of boundaries with a misorientation in the range 2.5-8°. Typically these boundaries were found to be located inside the martensite laths forming sub-laths.

关键词： Martensite Austenite Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship EBSD Crystallography Packet

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less is more:seipin,phospholipids,and embryogenesis

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life Metabolism 2022年第2期1卷 99-100页

作者： Bin liang Jennifer l Watts Center for life Sciences School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-7520USA

In a recent paper published in life Metabolism,Zhu et *** that mutations that reduce phosphatidylcholine(PC)synthesis rescue embryonic lethality but exacerbate lipid droplet(lD)abnormalities in *** seipin mutants,demo... 详细信息

关键词： formation synthesis phosphatidylcholine

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