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Controllability of Strongly and Weakly Dependent Siphons under Disturbanceless Control

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2011年第4期2卷 310-319页

作者： daniel yuh chao Kuo-Chiang Wu Jiun-Ting Chen Mike Y. J. Lee 不详

Li and Zhou propose to add monitors Vs to elementary siphons S only while controlling the rest of dependent siphons - important for large systems but far from being maximally permissive. The control policy for weakly dependent siphons (WDS) is rather conservative due to some negative terms in the controllability. We show that this is no longer true as can be shown that it has the same controllability as that for strongly dependent siphons.

关键词： Petri Nets Siphons Controllability FMS S3PR

Hardware Materials in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第4期30卷 289-295页

作者： Ling Chen chao-Yi yuh FuelCell Energy Inc.DanburyCT 06813USA

The high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell is an ultra-clean and highly efficient power generator. It is operated at - 550-650 ℃, which is considered optimal in facilitating fast fuel cell reaction kinetics, utilizing waste heat efficiently, and allowing use of commercial construction materials. Commercial MW-size （mega watt） power plants of FuelCell Energy products have already been deployed worldwide. Metallic hardware materials are extensively utilized and may experience high-temperature reducing and oxidizing atmospheres in the presence of molten alkali carbonate electrolyte. Material selections are founded on many decades of focused research and development and field experience. Results to date show that the baseline stack module materials meet 5-year life goal and BOP （balance of plant） construction materials meet 20-year life goal. Material durability is well understood, and solutions are available to further extend the durability. This paper will review hardware materials experience and development approaches that would further reduce cost and extend life.

关键词： Molten carbonate fuel cell High-temperature materials Corrosion

Interplay of transport processes and interfacial chemistry affecting chromium reduction and reoxidation with iron and manganese

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 55-63页

作者： chao Pan daniel Giammar Department of Energy Environmentaland Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Present affiliation:Glenn *** Institute Physical&Life SciencesLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA

Hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))is a water-soluble pollutant in soil and groundwater,the mobility,bioavailability,and toxicity of which can be controlled by transforming to less mobile and more environmentally benign Cr(Ⅲ)by ways of *** review focused on recent advances in identifying the reaction pathways,kinetics,and products of iron-based techniques for Cr(Ⅵ)*** also examines new information regarding remobilization of Cr(Ⅲ)in the existence of complexing ligands and manganese(Mn)of different oxidation states.A range of iron-based techniques can remove Cr(Ⅵ)from water by adsorption or reduction-coprecipitation ***,the success of a chromium treatment or remediation strategy requires the stability of the Cr(Ⅲ)-containing solids with respect to solubilization or reoxidation in the settings they are *** is ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments,and the redox cycling of manganese may greatly influence the fate,transport,and distribution of *** of redox reactions of chromium,iron,and manganese involves reaction pathways not only in the aqueous phase but also at solid-aqueous *** provide a quantitative understanding of these processes,it is essential to develop mechanistically based kinetic and transport *** research should be made on iron-based treatment of Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water and soils and the stability of the subsequently produced Cr(Ⅲ)-containing solids at environmentally relevant conditions,which will support improved predictions of chromium's environmental fate and transport and aid in decision-making for remediation and treatment of Cr contamination.

关键词： Chromium(Ⅵ)contamination Redox reaction Iron oxide Manganese oxide Modeling

K＋ Transporter AtCHX17 with Its Hydrophilic C Tail Localizes to Membranes of the Secretory/Endocytic System： Role in Reproduction and Seed Set

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1226-1246页

作者： Salil Chanroj Senthilkumar Padmanaban daniel D. Czerny Guang-yuh Jauh Heven Sze Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park MD USA Present address: Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Burapha University Chon-Buri 20131 Thailand Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica 128 Academia Road Section 2 Nankang Taipei

The importance of sorting proteins and wall materials to their destination is critical for plant growth and development, though the machinery orchestrating membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Transporters that alter the environment across endomembrane compartments are thought to be important players. Using Escherichia coli and yeast, we previously showed that several Arabidopsis Cation/H＋ eXchanger （AtCHX） members were K＋ transporters with a role in pH homeostasis, though their subcellular location and biological roles in plants are unclear. Co-expression of markers with CHX16, CHX17, CHX18, or CHX19 tagged with a fluorescent protein indicated these transporters associated with plasma membrane （PM） and post-Golgi compartments. Under its native promoter, AtCHX17（l_820）-GFP localized to prevacuolar compartment （PVC） and to PM in roots. Brefeldin A diminished AtCHX17- GFP fluorescence at PM, whereas wortmannin caused formation of GFP-labeled ring-like structures, suggesting AtCHX17 trafficked among PVC, vacuole and PM. AtCHX17（1-472） lacking its carboxylic tail did not associate with PVC or PM in plant cells. Single chx17 mutant or higher-order mutants showed normal root growth and vegetative devel- opment. However, quadruple （chx16chx17chxlSchx19） mutants were reduced in frequency and produced 50%-70% fewer seeds, indicating overlapping roles of several AtCHX17-related transporters in reproduction and/or seed devel- opment. Together, our results suggest that successful reproduction and seed development depend on the ability to regulate cation and pH homeostasis by AtCHX17-1ike transporters on membranes that traffic in the endocytic and/or secretory pathways.

关键词： membrane trafficking pH homeostasis cation/proton antiporter prevacuolar compartment.

Slowβrelaxation in La-based metallic glasses based on mechanical spectroscopy measurements

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第4期24卷 397-401页

作者： Ji-chao Qiao Jean-marc Pelletier Ning Li daniel Crespo Yao Yao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072ShaanxiChina Universite de Lyon MATEISUMR-CNRS5510Bat.B.PascalINSA LyonF-69621 Villeurbanne cedexFrance Department of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory for Materials Processing and Die&Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina Departament de Fisica EETACUniversitat Politecnica de CatalunyaCastelldfels 08860BarcelonaSpain

Dynamic mechanical relaxations of La-based metallic glasses were investigated by mechanical *** the framework of the mixing enthalpy of constituent atoms,it was found thatβrelaxation was less evident by the addition of Cu to replace Ni in the LaCuNiAl glassy *** introducing Cu into the LaNiAl metallic glass,the mixing enthalpy was less negative,which led to weakerβrelaxation of the metallic ***αrelaxation of the La-based metallic glasses could be described by a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts（KWW）function with a Kohlrausch exponentβKWW around *** should be noted that physical aging above the glass transition temperature Tginduced a decrease ofβrelaxation intensity in the La-based metallic glass.

关键词： Metallic glass Mechanical relaxation βrelaxation Mixing enthalpy

APPLICATION OF THE ASTM FRACTURE TOUGHNESS VALUES TO THE INTERPRETATION OF FRACTURE OF SOLIDS

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APPLICATION OF THE ASTM FRACTURE TOUGHNESS VALUES TO THE INT...

Constraint effect in fracture of solids

中国力学学会学术大会'2005

作者： chao yuh J Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 28208

The American Society of Testing Materials has developed testing standards for the determination of fracture resistance to fracture of solids, such as KIC , J-R curves. Ideally, any testing standards should be able to serve two objectives : (a) providing standardized, detailed testing procedures and (b) for use in engineering ***, the ASTM Fracture Toughness Testing Standards have met the first objective satisfactorily, e.g. comparing material A to B for their resistance to fracture, and comparing the results fr om round-robin tests of the same material. However, no details is given in the ASTM standards for the second objective, e.g. "how KIC can be used for engineering design ?"

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Constraint effect in fracture of solids

Investigation of pressure drop in flexible ventilation ducts under different compression ratios and bending angles

中国力学大会-2015

作者： chao yuh-Jin School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University

The consequence to the fracture toughness due to this difference is called"constraint effect".This talk discusses this effect,provides some solutions and also points out unresolved issues.

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1251-1261页

作者： Ho Kam Dai Wenjie Huang Liye Fu chao-Hsin Lin daniel Wei Zhongzhe Dong Ruoyu You Chun Chen Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.999077Hong KongChina Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon999077Hong KongChina Environmental Control Systems Boeing Commercial AirplanesEverettWA98203USA Boeing Research&Technology Beijing100027China Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518057China

Due to the large degree of freedom in terms of design and installation, flexible ventilation ducts are commonly used in ventilation systems. However, excessive use of flexible ducts may lead to greater pressure drop and higher energy consumption. This study conducted experimental measurements to characterize the pressure drop in flexible ventilation ducts with different compression ratios and bending angles. This investigation first measured the pressure drop in straight flexible ducts with four compression ratios under various airflow rates. The calculated friction factor for the straight flexible ducts was negatively associated with the compression ratio. Next, the pressure drops in single-bend flexible ducts with various bending angles from 30° to 150° were measured under various airflow rates. The calculated loss coefficient of the bend increased with the bending angle for single-bend flexible ducts. Finally, the influence of the intermediate duct length on the pressure drop across two bends was experimentally investigated. When the length of the intermediate duct was greater than eight times the inner diameter, the pressure drop across a double-bend flexible duct could be calculated from the friction factors and loss coefficients with a relative error less than 1%. The data obtained in this study can be used to calculate the total pressure loss in flexible ventilation ducting systems in buildings.

关键词： ventilation pressure loss flex duct fan energy friction factor loss coefficient

Deciphering mycorrhizal fungi in cultivated Phalaenopsis microbiome with next-generation sequencing of multiple barcodes

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 77-88页

作者： chao-Li Huang Feng-Yin Jian Hao-Jen Huang Wen-Chi Chang Wen-Luan Wu Chi-Chuan Hwang Ruey-Hua Lee Tzen-yuh Chiang Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan 701 Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan 701 Department of Engineering Science and Supercomputing Research Center National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan 701

Identifying the species composition of a microbial ecosystem is often hampered by difficulties in culturing the organisms and in the low sequencing depth of traditional DNA *** analysis,a huge-scale nucleotide-sequence-based tool,can overcome such *** this study,Sanger sequencing of 500 nrITS clones uncovered 29 taxa of 19 fungal genera,whereas metagenomics with next-generation sequencing identified 512 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)for ITS1/2 and 364 for ITS3/***,high throughput sequencing of PCR amplicons of ITS1/2,ITS3/4,nrLSU-LR,nrLSU-U,mtLSU,and mtATP6,all with at least 1,300×coverage and about 21 million reads in total,yielded a very diverse fungal *** fact that 74%of the OTUs were exclusively uncovered with single barcodes indicated that each marker provided its own insights into the fungal *** deal with the high heterogeneity in the data and to integrate the information on species composition across barcodes,a rank-scoring strategy was ***,205 genera among 64 orders of fungi were identified in healthy Phalaenopsis *** the barcodes utilized,ITS1/2,ITS3/4,and nrLSU-U were the most competent in uncovering the fungal *** barcodes,though detecting different compositions likely due to primer preference,provided complementary and comprehensive power in deciphering the microbial diversity,especially in revealing rare species.

关键词： DNA barcode Metagenomics Mycorrhizal fungi Next-generation sequencing Phalaenopsis orchid Rank scoring