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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 269-276页

作者： daniel Vila Elisabeth Hornberger Christina Toigo STOFF2 GmbH–Gebäude H/Flughafen Tegel 1 13405 BerlinGermany University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Stelzhamerstraße 23A-4600 WelsAustria Centre for Economic Research on Inclusivity and Sustainability at the University of Galway University RoadGalwayIreland

The intermittency of renewable energy is a key limiting factor for the successful decarbonization of both energy producing and consuming sectors. Green hydrogen has the potential to act as the central energy vector connecting hard-to-abate sectors to renewable power. However, combining energy storage and conversion for a holistic electrolyzer system remains challenging. Here, we show the innovative Zink-Zwischenschritt Elektrolyseur (ZZE), or Zinc Intermediate step Electrolyzer in English, that temporarily decouples the water splitting reaction and uses zinc to store electrical energy in chemical form. To perform optimal operation of a ZZE system, machine learning models were applied to predict the state of charge of a lab scale ZZE system. Using various models, we were able to determine the effectiveness of the prediction and contrast it to state of charge predictions of other energy storage systems. We show that a bi-directional long short-term memory neural network approach has the lowest error within the testing environment. This work serves to perform further ZZE development as well as state of charge prediction for other novel energy storage technologies.

关键词： Electrolyzer Battery ZZE Energy storage State of charge Machine learning Sequence-to-sequence model

Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 Stephen pates daniel pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Nanjing Institute of Geology and palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota(c. 520 Ma) of China. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the Cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the Cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics Cambrian Explosion

Iron regulatory protein 1: the deadly switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： daniel A.Bórquez pamela J.Urrutia Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology(INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis,characterized by redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived by Fenton chemistry,that triggers oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular membranes integrity,and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(Ap),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,Ap,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

proton irradiation-induced cracking and microstructural defects in UN and (U,Zr)N composite fuels

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 906-918页

作者： Elina Charatsidou Maria Giamouridou Andrea Fazi Gyula Nagy Diogo Ribeiro Costa Sarmad Naim Katea Mikael Jolkkonen Gunnar Westin Mattias Thuvander daniel primetzhofer pär Olsson KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSweden Uppsala University UppsalaSweden Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB VästeråsSweden Höganäs Sweden AB HöganäsSweden

proton irradiation with a primary ion energy of 2 MeV was used to simulate radiation damage in UN and(U,Zr)N fuel *** pellets,nominally at room temperature,were irradiated to peak levels of 0.1,1,10 dpa and 100.0 dpa resulting in a peak hydrogen concentration of at most 90 at.%.Microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated and compared before and after *** irradiation induced an increase in hardness,whereas a decrease in Young’s modulus was observed for both *** characterization revealed irradiation-induced cracking,initiated in the bulk of the material,where the peak damage was deposited,propagating towards the ***,transmission electron microscopy was used to study irradiation *** loops and fringes were identified and observed to increase in density with increasing dose *** high density of irradiation defects and hydrogen implanted are proposed as the main cause of swelling and consequent sample cracking,leading simultaneously to increased hardening and a decrease in Young's modulus.

关键词： proton irradiation Uranium nitride Spark plasma sintering Irradiation induced cracking Simulated burn-up structure Composite nuclear fuels

Accuracy comparison and improvement for state of health estimation of lithium-ion battery based on random partial recharges and feature engineering

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 591-604页

作者： Xingjun Li Dan Yu Søren Byg Vilsen daniel Ioan Stroe Department of Energy Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Department of Mathematical Sciences Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

State of health(SOH)estimation of e-mobilities operated in real and dynamic conditions is essential and *** of existing estimations are based on a fixed constant current charging and discharging aging profiles,which overlooked the fact that the charging and discharging profiles are random and not complete in real *** work investigates the influence of feature engineering on the accuracy of different machine learning(ML)-based SOH estimations acting on different recharging sub-profiles where a realistic battery mission profile is *** features were extracted from the battery partial recharging profiles,considering different factors such as starting voltage values,charge amount,and charging sliding ***,features were selected based on a feature selection pipeline consisting of filtering and supervised ML-based subset *** linear regression(MLR),Gaussian process regression(GpR),and support vector regression(SVR)were applied to estimate SOH,and root mean square error(RMSE)was used to evaluate and compare the estimation *** results showed that the feature selection pipeline can improve SOH estimation accuracy by 55.05%,2.57%,and 2.82%for MLR,GpR and SVR *** was demonstrated that the estimation based on partial charging profiles with lower starting voltage,large charge,and large sliding window size is more likely to achieve higher *** work hopes to give some insights into the supervised ML-based feature engineering acting on random partial recharges on SOH estimation performance and tries to fill the gap of effective SOH estimation between theoretical study and real dynamic application.

关键词： Feature engineering Dynamic forklift aging profile State of health comparison Machine learning Lithium-ion batteries

Distortions in focusing laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings:an analytic description

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 20-40页

作者： Klaus Steiniger Fabia Dietrich daniel Albach Michael Bussmann Arie Irman Markus Loeser Richard pausch Thomas püschel Roland Sauerbrey Susanne Schöbel Ulrich Schramm Mathias Siebold Karl Zeil Alexander Debus Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf DresdenGermany CASUS-Center for Advanced Systems Understanding GörlitzGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany

In ultra-short laser pulses,small changes in dispersion properties before the final focusing mirror can lead to severe pulse distortions around the focus and therefore to very different pulse properties at the point of laser±matter interaction,yielding unexpected interaction *** mapping between far-and near-field laser properties intricately depends on the spatial and angular dispersion properties as well as the focal *** a focused Gaussian laser pulse under the influence of angular,spatial and group-delay dispersion,we derive analytical expressions for its pulse-front tilt,duration and width from a fully analytic expression for its electric field in the time±space domain obtained with scalar diffraction *** expression is not only valid in and near the focus but also along the entire propagation distance from the focusing mirror to the *** relating angular,spatial and group-delay dispersion before focusing at an off-axis parabola,where they are well measurable,to the respective values in the pulse’s focus are obtained by a ray tracing ***,these formulas are used to show in example setups that the pulse-front tilts of lasers with small initial dispersion can become several tens of degrees larger in the vicinity of the focus while being small directly in the *** formulas derived here provide the analytical foundation for observations previously made in numerical *** numerically simulating Gaussian pulse propagation and measuring properties of the pulse at distances several Rayleigh lengths off the focus,we verify the analytic expressions.

关键词： group-delay dispersion pulse-front tilt spatio-temporal couplings third-order dispersion ultra-short laser pulses

Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey daniel Martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of population Health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/K+-ATpase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii Helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

Mg/MgO interfaces as efficient hydrogen evolution cathodes causing accelerated corrosion of additive manufactured Mg alloys:A DFT analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 110-119页

作者： Man-Fai Ng Kai Xiang Kuah Teck Leong Tan daniel John Blackwood Department of Materials Science&Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Republic of Singapore Institute of High performance Computing(IHpC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore

The corrosion rates of additive-manufactured Mg alloys are higher than their as-cast counterparts,possibly due to increased kinetics for the hydrogen evolution reaction on secondary phases,which may include oxide *** Kelvin probe Force Microscopy demonstrated that MgO inclusions could act as cathodes for Mg corrosion,but their low conductivity likely precludes ***,the density of state calculations through density functional theory using hybrid HSE06 functional revealed overlapping electronic states at the Mg/MgO interface,which facilitates electron transfers and participates in redox *** determination of the hydrogen absorption energy at the Mg/MgO interface reveals it to be an excellent catalytic site,with HER being found to be a factor of 23x more efficient at the interface than on metallic *** results not only support the plausibility of the Mg/MgO interface being an effective cathode to the adjacent anodic Mg matrix during corrosion but also contribute to the understanding of the enhanced cathodic activities observed during the anodic dissolution of magnesium.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium oxide Interface Hydrogen evolution DFT

A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump Isabel Severino daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific *** species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their *** on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator *** date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital *** addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and *** the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific *** addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight *** tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference *** with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans