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Medical decision making for older adults： an international perspective comparing the United States and India

journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第4期12卷 329-334页

作者： Ankur Kalra daniel E Forman Sarah j Goodlin Division of lnterventional Cardiology Beth lsrael Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Kalra Hospital SRCNC Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi India Section of Geriatric Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinicai Center VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Medicine-Geriatrics Oregon Health & Sciences University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System Portland Oregon USA

There has been a significant decline in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality amidst pervasive advances in care, including percutane- ous revascularization, mechanical circulatory support, and transcatheter valvular therapies. While advancing therapies may add significant longevity, they also bring about new end-of-life decision-making challenges for patients and their families who also must weigh the advan- tages of reduced mortality to the possibility of longer lives consisting of high morbidity, frailty, pain, and poor quality of living. Advance care entails options of withholding or withdrawing therapies, and has become a familiar part of cardiovascular care for older patients in Western countries. However, as advanced cardiovascular practices extend to developing countries, the interrelated concept of advance care is rarely straight forward as it is affected by local cultural traditions and mores, and can lead to very different inferences and use. This paper discusses the concepts of advance care planning, surrogate decision-making, orders for resuscitation and futility in patients with cardiac dis- ease with comparisons of West to East, focusing particularly on the United States versus India.

关键词： Advance care planning Advance directive End-of-life India Surrogate decision-making

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Effect of calcination temperature on steam reforming activity of Ni-based pyrochlore catalysts

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journal of Rare Earths 2020年第7期38卷 711-718,I0002页

作者： daniel j.Haynes Dushyant Shekhawat David Berry Amitava Roy james j.Spivey National Energy Technology Laboratory U.S.Department of Energy3610 Collins Ferry RdMorgantownWV26507 USA Louisiana State University Cain Department of Chemical Engineering3307 Patrick Taylor HallBaton RougeLA70803USA

This work served as the second part of a study evaluating the effect of calcination temperature(700-1000℃) on Ni-based lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore catalysts for methane steam reforming.A previous study(Haynes et ***.2017(43) 16744) provided a thorough characterization of the material properties for the catalysts used here,and this study focuses on the evaluation of catalytic *** activity was assessed by two different experimental studies:the effect of reaction temperature using a temperature programmed surface reaction(TPSR),and the effect of reaction *** results demonstrate a complex interaction between the Ni particles and surface LaOx species under the methane steam reforming ***,the material calcined at the lowest temperature(700℃) possesses the highest activity and selectivity,which is attributed to smaller and more welldispersed Ni particles on the surface,and,more importantly,a lesser degree La enrichment at the *** catalysts were deactivated by steam to NiO under all conditions tested,but at certain low reaction pressure(p=0.23 MPa) conditions the materials calcined at 700-900℃ are able to completely recover equilibrium activity in-situ that is then robust and stable under both low and high reaction pressures(p=1.8 MPa) suggesting the formation of a synergistic relationship between Ni and La for syngas ***,exposure of a fresh material to high reaction pressures leads to a rapid and irreversible loss in both CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity whether in the fresh(no pretreatment),or pretreated(steam,H2 or Ar only at 800℃) form for any *** mechanism for deactivation appears to be due to the presence of LaOx species that become mobile,possibly by the formation of La-OH,and covers the active Ni particles and inhibits sites responsible for the CH4 decomposition.

关键词： Nickel Pyrochlore Methane Steam reforming Catalyst Lanthanum enrichment

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Distance assessment of detours by jum ping spiders

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 263-273页

作者： Samuel AGUILAR-ARGUELLO daniel GERHARD Ximena j.NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Mathem atics and Statistics University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

To take an indirect route(detour)in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive *** more demanding,from the cognitive point of view,is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the *** spiders from the family Sa lticidae,vision is a key sensory modal-ity mediating navigation and prey *** acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours,possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional *** used a 4-route choice test,in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item,to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species,Trite planiceps and Marpissa *** both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes,judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring,we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes,but did not prefer the *** contrast,Marpissa exhibited random route choice,although it ori-ented toward lured-routes more often than control routes(lure absent).Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route,but this is cognitively *** exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected ***,the severity of cognitive limitations depended on *** suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.

关键词： cognition cognitive limitations decision-making detour behavior Salticidae spatial task

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Recent advances in forensic anthropology:decomposition research

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第4期3卷 278-293页

作者： daniel j.Wescott Department of Anthropology Texas State UniversityForensic Anthropology Center at Texas StateSan MarcosTXUSA

Decomposition research is still in its infancy,but significant advances have occurred within forensic anthropology and other disciplines in the past several *** research in forensic anthropology has primarily focused on estimating the postmortem interval(PMI),detecting clandestine remains,and interpreting the context of the ***,while much of the work has focused on forensic-related questions,an interdisciplinary focus on the ecology of decomposition has also advanced our *** purpose of this article is to highlight some of the fundamental shifts that have occurred to advance decomposition research,such as the role of primary extrinsic factors,the application of decomposition research to the detection of clandestine remains and the estimation of the PMI in forensic anthropology *** research in decomposition should focus on the collection of standardized data,the incorporation of ecological and evolutionary theory,more rigorous statistical analyses,examination of extended PMIs,greater emphasis on aquatic decomposition and interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary research,and the use of human cadavers to get forensically reliable data.

关键词： Taphonomy postmortem interval carrion ecology decomposition

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Achieving work hardening by forming boundaries on the nanoscale in a Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 192-203页

作者： jing Fan Wei Rao junwei Qiao PKLiaw daniel Sopu daniel Kiener jürgen Eckert Guozheng Kang Yucheng Wu College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials School of Mechanics and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityMinistry of Education of ChinaChengdu610031China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996-2200USA Technische Universitat Darmstadt Institut fiir MaterialwissenschaftFachgebiet MaterialmodellierungOtto-Bemdt-Strasse 3D-64287DarmstadtGermany Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of SciencesJahnstra'e 12A-8700LeobenAustria Department of Materials Science Montanuniversitat LeobenJahnstra'e 12A-8700LeobenAustria

Achieving work hardening in metallic glass matrix composites(MGMCs) is the key to the extensive use of these attractive materials in structural and functional *** this study,we investigated the formation of nanoscale boundaries resulted from the interaction between matrix and dendrites,which favors the work-hardening deformation in an in-situ Ti41Zr32Ni6 Ta7 Be14 MGMC with β-Ti dendrites in a glassy matrix at room *** microstructures of samples after tension were observed by highresolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The work-hardening mechanism of the present composites involves:(1) appearance of dense dislocation walls(DDWs),(2)proliferation of shear bands,(3) fo rmation of boundaries on the nanoscale,and(4) interactions between hard and soft phases.A theoretical model combined with experimental data reveals the deformation mechanisms in the present work,proving that the in-situ dendrites with outstanding hardening ability in the glass matrix can provide the homogeneous deformation under tensile loading at room temperature.

关键词： Metallic glass matrix composites Plastic deformation Work hardening Dense dislocation walls Nanoscale boundaries

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The practice of mine ventilation engineering

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第2期25卷 165-169页

作者： Wallace Keith Prosser Brian Stinnette j.daniel Mine Ventilation Services Inc.

The practice of ventilation is continually evolving with new technological advances developed in the mining *** recent years the advances in diesel engine technologies,ventilation modeling software,and ventilation management capacities have redefined the historical methods used to evaluate *** advances re-evaluate previous methods used to calculate the airflow requirements for the dilution of diesel exhaust *** software has become an integral part of planning and developing ventilation systems in partnership with graphical mine design software packages to generate realistic representations of the *** advances in ventilation control strategies through remote sensors and monitoring capabilities have been developed to results in cost *** there has been much advancement in mine ventilation technology,the practices and basic ventilation principals enacted through the ventilation engineer cannot be placated with technological advances only.

关键词： Modern ventilation Ventilation on demand Diesel Airflow evaluation Monitoring system

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Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as a treatment after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1733-1734页

作者： stephen d.ortmann daniel j.hellenbrand department of neurological surgery university of wisconsinmadisonwiusa

Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating trauma that currently affects 54 people out of every million,which is approximately 270,000people in the United States（National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,2013）.The effects of such an injury can cause a loss of both motor and sensory function below the injury site,normally leaving the patient unable to care for themselves entirely and relying on family and friends to provide personal *** there are no.

关键词： Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as a treatment after spinal cord injury GFR SCI

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Superconvergence and the Numerical Flux: a Study Using the Upwind-Biased Flux in Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 461-486页

作者： daniel j.Frean jennifer K.Ryan School of Mathematics University of East AngliaNorwichUK Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

One of the beneficial properties of the discontinuous Galerkin method is the accurate wave propagation *** is,the semi-discrete error has dissipation errors of order 2k+1(≤Ch2k+1)and order 2k+2 for dispersion(≤Ch2k+2).Previous studies have concentrated on the order of accuracy,and neglected the important role that the error constant,C,plays in these *** this article,we show the important role of the error constant in the dispersion and dissipation error for discontinuous Galerkin approximation of polynomial degree k,where k=0,1,2,*** gives insight into why one may want a more centred flux for a piecewise constant or quadratic approximation than for a piecewise linear or cubic *** provide an explicit formula for these error *** is illustrated through one particular flux,the upwind-biased flux introduced by Meng et al.,as it is a convex combination of the upwind and downwind *** studies of wave propagation are typically done through a Fourier *** higher order Fourier information can be extracted using the smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving(SIAC)*** SIAC filter ties the higher order Fourier information to the negative-order norm in physical *** show that both the proofs of the ability of the SIAC filter to extract extra accuracy and numerical results are unaffected by the choice of flux.

关键词： Discontinuous Galerkin Smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving(SIAC)filtering Superconvergence

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Treating spinal cord injury via sustained drug delivery from calcium phosphate coatings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1236-1237页

作者： daniel j.Hellenbrand Amgad Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin

Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating trauma that leaves approximately 10,000 to 20,000 people paralyzed every year in the United *** majority of these cases are young people that will live to almost a full life expectancy,however,their quality of life is significantly *** SCI there is loss of both sensory and motor function below the level of injury.

关键词： sustained devastating sensory young coated trauma dissolution kinetics probably axonal

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Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： joshua Ladau Eoin L.Brodie Nicola Falco Ishan Bansal Elijah B.Hoffman Marcin P.joachimiak Ana M.Mora Angelica M.Walker Haruko M.Wainwright Yulun Wu Mirko Pavicic daniel jacobson Matthias Hess james B.Brown Katrina Abuabara Departments of Computational Precision Health and Dermatology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Computational Biosciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Biostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Biosystems Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environmental Research and Community Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA Biosciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Objectives We aim to estimate geographic variability in total numbers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the number of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are limited during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek *** demonstrate the robustness,accuracy,and precision of this framework,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandemic to estimate county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estimators for the numbers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to simulated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients between estimator means and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong robustness to model *** the county-level estimators to the real,unsimulated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to September 30,2020 from across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from 0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a median of *** The proposed estimation framework can be used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeometric distribution COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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