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Effects of holistic grazing management on milk production,weight gain,and visitation to grazing areas by livestock and wildlife in Laikipia County,Kenya

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 216-227页

作者： Priscilla K.Lalampaa Oliver V.Wasonga daniel i.rubenstein Jesse T.Njoka Faculty of Agriculture Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of NairobiP.O.Box 29053-00625NairobiKenya Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544-2016USA

Background:Grazing is an important management tool for maintaining healthy ecosystems and improving rangelands ***,its effectiveness for this purpose is dependent on timing and frequency of grazing,as well as the type of *** the effects of grazing management on rangeland ecosystems is critical in ensuring sustainable use of grazing resources and enhanced livestock *** study assessed the effects of holistic grazing on animal productivity and range use pattern in Laikipia County of ***:The results revealed that the average milk yields(106±20.1)of animals in holistic grazing areas(HGA)were significantly(pigher than those in traditional grazing areas(TGA)(101±20.1).Weight gain of animals in HGA was significantly(0.13±0.01)higher as compared to those in TGA(0.07±0.01).The number of livestock grazing was significantly(pigher in HGA(74±10%)than those in TGA(57±10%).in addition,the number of wildlife grazing was significantly(pigher in HGA(74±18%)than in TGA(32±18%).Conclusions:The results indicate that holistic grazing management has the potential to improve animal performance,as well as condition of range areas as evident in the preference shown by frequent visits to HGA by both livestock and wildlife.

关键词： Camera traps Continuous grazing Animal performance Rest periods Wildlife visits

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Characterization of intestinal microbiota and fecal cortisol,T3,and igA in forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)from birth to weaning

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integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 300-312页

作者： Yimeng Li Tianxiang ZHANG Minghui SHi Baofeng ZHANG Xin HU Shanghua XU Jianhong DiNG Shuqiang LiU Defu HU daniel rubenstein School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijingChina

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health *** this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiota as well as Cortisol(Cor),Triiodothyronine(T3),and immunoglobulin A(igA)levels of young forest musk deer(FMD),from birth to one month after weaning(7 days of age–110 days of age).During development as the diet of FMD changes from consuming milk to eating plants,the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of young FMD increased *** levels remained unchanged throughout early development while significantly increased after weaning,T3 and igA initially were derived from milk during lactation,significantly decreased after *** network analysis showed that the community of food-oriented microbes were highly structured and that many genera were ***,this study provides scientific insights into effective management strategies for the protection of FMD population.

关键词： forest musk deer intestinal microbiota weaning

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investigating drivers of microbial activity and respiration in a forested bog

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna E.REWCASTLE Jessica A.M.MOORE Jeremiah A.HENNiNG Melanie A.MAYES Courtney M.PATTERSON Gangsheng WANG daniel B.METCALFE Aimée T.CLASSEN rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund institute for Environment University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Department of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Climate Change Science institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) institute for Environmental Genomics&Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landmass;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystems are different from those that control C dynamics in upland forested *** explore how multiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape microbial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat mesocosms and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several microbial predictor variables,such as enzyme activity and microbial biomass,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proximity to vascular plants *** found that peat moisture content was positively correlated with respiration and microbial activity,even when moisture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic matter substrates in drier environments may be limiting for microbial *** to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic *** negative relationship may reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,microbial activity may decline as peat dries and cools near ***,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions among,multiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence microbial *** approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally important C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzyme activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration ombrotrophic bog peat moisture plant proximity soil carbon sink

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impact of Fishing and Stocking Practices on Coregonid Diversity

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1045-1055页

作者： Orlane Anneville Emilien Lasne Jean Guillard Reiner Eckmann Jason D. Stockwell Christian Gillet daniel L. Yule iNRA UMR CARRTEL Thonon-les-Bains France Limnological institute University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany University of Vermont Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory Burlington USA Great Lakes Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Ashland USA

Fish species diversity can be lost through interacting stressors including habitat loss, stocking and overfishing. Although a multitude of stressors have played a role in the global decline of coregonid (Coregonus spp.) diversity, a number of contemporary studies have identified habitat loss stemming from eutrophication as the primary cause. Unfortunately, reconstructing the role of fishing and stocking practices can be difficult, because these records are incomplete or appear only in hard-to-access historic grey literature. Based on an illustrative set of historic and contemporary studies, we describe how fisheries management practices may have contributed to coregonid diversity loss in European and North American lakes. We provide case studies examining how fishing and stocking may reduce coregonid diversity through demographic decline and introgressive hybridization. in some lakes, fisheries management practices may have led to a loss of coregonid diversity well before issues with habitat degradation manifested. Our review suggests that fish conservation policies could beneficially consider the relative importance of all stressors, including management practices, as potential drivers of diversity loss.

关键词： Coregonus Extinction Lake Overfishing Species Loss

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