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Exploring the adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 147-156页

作者： Sergio MAGALLANES Anders Pape MøLLER Charlene LUJÁN-VEGA Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Luz GARCÍA-LONGORIAA Florentino DE LOPE JoséA.IANNACONE Alfonso MARZAL Department of Anatomy Cellular Biology and ZoologyUniversity of ExtremaduraAvda.de Elvas S/NBadajoz ES-06006Spain Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudOrsay 91400France Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeiing 100875China Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Perú Centro Urku de Estudios Amazónicos Tarapoto 22202Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima 15024Perú Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental Universidad Cientifica del Sur-Villa el SalvadorLima 15067Perú Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo PalmaSantiago de Surco 15039Perú

Parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms,which impose im portant selective forces upon their hosts.Thus,in accordance with the A djustm ent to parasite pressure hypothesis,it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by parasites.According to the latitudinal gradient in diversity,species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the equator.The uropygial gland is an im portant defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in birds.Size of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their hosts.Therefore,we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher latitudes.However,this hypothesis has not yet been explored.Here,we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical(Peru)and 3 temperate areas(Spain).Relative uropygial gland volum e was 12.52%larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate areas.This finding is consistent w ith the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by parasites.We also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection,showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection,regardless o f their geographical origin.This result provides additional support for the assum ption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.

关键词： adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis malaria Neotropical region preen oil temperate region

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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary dynamics.Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species worldwide.However,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite unexplored.Here,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian ecoregions.Wedetected 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird species.We showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously recorded.Moreover,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Our outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ecoregions.Furthermore,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite richness.Generalist parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian parasites.These outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified haemosporidianlineages.Further studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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