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Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy:Indications,technique,complications and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7739-7751页

作者： Ata A Rahnemai-Azar Amir A Rahnemaiazar Rozhin Naghshizadian Amparo Kurtz daniel t Farkas Department of Surgery Bronx-Lebanon Hospital CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10457United States

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred route of feeding and nutritional support in patients with a functional gastrointestinal system who require long-term enteral nutrition. Besides its well-known advantages over parenteral nutrition, PEG offers superior access to the gastrointestinal system over surgical methods. Considering that nowadays PEG tube placement is one of the most common endoscopic procedures performed worldwide, knowing its indications and contraindications is of paramount importance in current medicine. PEG tubes are sometimes placed inappropriately in patients unable to tolerate adequate oral intake because of incorrect and unrealistic understanding of their indications and what they can accomplish. Broadly, the two main indications of PEG tube placement are enteral feeding and stomach decompression. On the other hand, distal enteral obstruction, severe uncorrectable coagulopathy and hemodynamic instability constitute the main absolute contraindications for PEG tube placement in hospitalized patients. Although generally considered to be a safe procedure, there is the potential for both minor and major complications. Awareness of these potential complications, as well as understanding routine aftercare of the catheter, can improve the quality of care for patients with a PEG tube. these complications can generally be classified into three major categories: endoscopic technical difficulties, PEG procedure-related complications and late complications associated with PEG tube use and wound care. In this review we describe a variety of minor and major tube-related complications as well as strategies for their management and avoidance. Different methods of percutaneous PEG tube placement into the stomach have been described in the literature with the “pull” technique being the most common method. In the last section of this review, the reader is presented with a brief discussion of these procedures, techniques and relate

关键词： Gastrostomy tube Percutaneous Enteral feeding Indication Contraindication Complication Management

Application of Interactive Video Games as Rehabilitation tools to Improve Postural Control and Risk of Falls in Prefrail Older Adults

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2021年第1期2021卷 137-147页

作者： Hammad S.Alhasan Patrick C.Wheeler daniel t.P.Fong National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Physiotherapy Department Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesUmm Al-Qura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia Department of Sport&Exercise Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK

the purpose of this study was to examine whether interactive video game(IVG)training is an effective way to improve postural control outcomes and decrease the risk of falls.A convenience sample of 12 prefrail older adults were recruited and divided into two groups:intervention group performed IVG training for 40 minutes,twice per week,for a total of 16 *** control group received no intervention and continued their usual *** measures were centre of pressure(COP),mean velocity,sway area,and sway *** outcomes were Berg Balance Scale,timed Up and Go(tUG),Falls Efficacy Scale International(FES-I),and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence(ABC).Assessment was conducted with preintervention(week zero)and postintervention(week eight).the intervention group showed significant improvement in mean velocity,sway area,Berg Balance Scale,and tUG(pto the control ***,no significant improvement was observed for sway path(p=0:35),FES-I(p=0:383),and ABC(p=0:283).this study showed that IVG training led to significant improvements in postural control but not for risk of falls.

关键词： tools continued centre

the benefits of being dominant:health correlates of male social rank and age in a marmot

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 19-26页

作者： Kenta UCHIDA Rachel NG Samuel A.VYDRO Jennifer E.SMItH daniel t.BLUMStEIN Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Department of Biology Mills CollegeOaklandCA 94613USA the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA

the benefits of dominance may not come without costs,particularly for *** example,the“immunocompetence handicap hypothesis”states that males with enhanced mating success allocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current health,whereas the“resource quality hypothesis”predicts that high-ranking males may benefit from increased reproduction and good *** the predictions from each have been well tested in captive animals and in a variety of highly social primates,fewer studies have been carried out in free-living,facultatively social *** adult male yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer),we evaluated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between social rank and 2 health indicators—fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(FCM)levels,and neutrophil/lymphocyte(N/L)ratios—after accounting for variation explained by age,body mass,and *** found that higher-ranking males tended to have a lower N/L ratio(reflecting good health)than lower-ranking individuals,whereas FCM levels were not significantly related to *** addition,heavier male marmots had lower N/L ratios,whereas body mass was not associated with FCM *** also found that older adult males had lower FCM levels(reflecting less physiological stress)but higher N/L ratios than younger ***,we found that FCM levels decreased as the active season progressed and FCM levels were associated with the time of the ***,our results suggest that socially-dominant male marmots enjoyed better,not worse health in terms of lower N/L ratios.

关键词： immunocompetence handicap hypothesis life history trade-offs N/L ratio physiological stress resource quality hypothesis

the applications of wearable devices in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Medicine in Novel technology and Devices 2023年第1期17卷 86-95页

作者： Xiaoya Wang Jihong Qiu daniel t.P.Fong College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesShandongChina Department of Orthopaedics and traumatology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK

Wearable devices have been used in the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle *** article systematically reviewed the trials that summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment after an ankle *** databases,PubMed(1974–2021),Embase,and Web of Science(1950–2021),were *** intervention was any wearable device,and the outcome measures were Activities Scale for Kids performance(ASKp),Foot and Ankle Outcome Score(FAOS),American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS),Olerud-Molander Ankle Score(OMAS),and Circumference as measured by any validated outcome *** independent authors evaluated the studies with the Cochrane risk-of-bias *** papers were included,involving 476 participants,with a mean age of 29.3±6.7 *** mean duration of wearable devices was 3.83 weeks,and the mean length of training was 3.75 *** devices achieved better results compared with control on the functional performance(standardized mean difference[SMD]0.66;95%confidence interval[CI]0.29 to 1.04;I^(2)=76%;Pto 1.35;I^(2)=82%;Pthe definitive judgment could not be made due to the variability in training,training duration,and outcomes *** devices are a promising approach that has positive effects on ankle injuries in terms of functional performance and reducing the extent of *** is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials(RCts)to support this for ankle injury patients using wearable ***,there is an need for well-conducted randomized controlled trials investigating more adaptive orthoses to achieve more effective strategies for early functional *** registration number:CRD42021246289.

关键词： Wearable devices Ankle injuries Functional performance Ankle score Swelling Rehabilitation

Visible light communication with efficient far-red/near-infrared polymer light-emitting diodes

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1362-1372页

作者： Alessandro Minotto Paul A.Haigh Łukasz G.Lukasiewicz Eugenio Lunedei daniel t.Gryko Izzat Darwazeh Franco Cacialli Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE17RUUK Communications and Information Systems University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences01-224 WarsawPoland ISMN-CNR Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials40129 BolognaItaly

Visible light communication(VLC)is a wireless technology that relies on optical intensity modulation and is potentially a game changer for internet-of-things(Iot)***,VLC is hindered by the low penetration depth of visible light in non-transparent *** solution is to extend operation into the“nearly(in)visible”near-infrared(NIR,700-1000 nm)region,thus also enabling VLC in photonic bio-applications,considering the biological tissue NIR semitransparency,while conveniently retaining vestigial red emission to help check the link operativity by simple eye ***,we report new far-red/NIR organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)with a 650-800 nm emission range and external quantum efficiencies among the highest reported in this spectral range(>2.7%,with maximum radiance and luminance of 3.5 mW/cm^(2) and 260 cd/m^(2),respectively).With these OLEDs,we then demonstrate a“real-time”VLC setup achieving a data rate of 2.2 Mb/s,which satisfies the requirements for Iot and biosensing *** are the highest rates ever reported for an online unequalised VLC link based on solution-processed OLEDs.

关键词： communication diodes Iot

Strategies to obtain pattern fidelity in nanowire growth from large-area surfaces patterned using nanoimprint lithography

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Nano Research 2016年第10期9卷 2852-2861页

作者： Gaute Otnes Magnus Heurlin Mariusz Graczyk Jesper Wallentin daniel Jacobsson Alexander Berg Ivan Maximov Magnus t. Borgstrom Solid State Physics Lund University Box 118 S-22100 Lund Sweden

Position controlled nanowire growth is important for nanowire-based optoelectronic components which rely on light emission or light absorption. For solar energy harvesting applications, dense arrays of nanowires are needed; however, a major obstacle to obtaining dense nanowire arrays is seed particle displacement and coalescing during the annealing stage prior to nanowire growth. Here, we explore three different strategies to improve pattern preservation of large-area catalyst particle arrays defined by nanoimprint lithography for nanowire growth. First, we see that heat treating the growth substrate prior to nanoimprint lithography improves pattern preservation. Second, we explore the possibility of improving pattern preservation by fixing the seed particles in place prior to annealing by modifying the growth procedure. And third, we show that a SiNx growth mask can fully prevent seed particle displacement. We show how these strategies allow us to greatly improve the pattern fidelity of grown InP nanowire arrays with dimensions suitable for solar cell applications, ultimately achieving 100% pattern preservation over the sampled area. the generic nature of these strategies is supported through the synthesis of GaAs and GaP nanowires.

关键词： semiconductor nanowire nanoimprint lithography metal-organic vaporphase epitaxial (MOVPE) patterning

A pharmacologist's journey in medical education:a personal history

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期25卷 102-106页

作者： E E daniel AB t6G 2H7 Canada Department of Pharmacology Room 9-10 Edmonton MSB University of Alberta

My journey as an educator in Pharmacology began in 1949, when, after finishing my MA in Biology at Johns Hopkins, Ⅰ decided that Ⅰ wanted to be involved in science with more relevance to humans. Ⅰhad been chasing f... 详细信息

关键词： ACE A pharmacologist’s journey in medical education

Cdc42 regulates the cellular localization of Cdc42ep1 in controlling neural crest cell migration

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2018年第5期10卷 376-387页

作者： Shlomi Cohen daniel t. Kovari Wenbin Wei Rebecca Keate Jennifer E. Curtis Shuyi Nie School of Biological Sciences Georgia institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

the member of Rho family of small GtPases Cdc42 plays important and conserved roles in cell polarity and motility. the Cdc42ep family proteins have been identified to bind to Cdc42, yet how they interact with Cdc42 to regulate cell migration remains to be elucidated. In this study, we focus on Cdc42epl, which is expressed predominantly in the highly migratory neural crest ceils in frog embryos. through morpholino-mediated knockdown, we show that Cdc42epl is required for the migration of cranial neural crest cells. Loss of Cdc42epl leads to rounder cell shapes and the formation of membrane blebs, consistent with the observed disruption in actin organization and focal adhesion alignment. As a result, Cdc42ep1 is critical for neural crest cells to apply traction forces at the correct place to migrate efficiently. We further show that Cdc42ep1 is localized to two areas in neural crest celts： in membrane protrusions together with Cdc42 and in perinuciear patches where Cdc42 is absent. Cdc42 directly interacts with Cdc42epl （through the CRIB domain） and changes in Cdc42 level shift the distribution of Cdc42epl between these two subcellular locations, controlling the formation of membrane protrusions and directionality of migration as a consequence. these results suggest that Cdc42ep1 elaborates Cdc42 activity in neural crest cells to promote their efficient migration.

关键词： actin cytoskeleton neural crest Rho GtPases Cdc42 effector protein 1 cell migration

Wireless organic electronic ion pumps driven by photovoltaics

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 126-131页

作者： Marie Jakešová theresia Arbring Sjöström VedranĐerek David Poxson Magnus Berggren Eric daniel Głowacki daniel t.Simon Laboratory of Organic Electronics ITN Campus NorrköpingLinköping UniversitySE-60174 NorrköpingSweden Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping UniversitySE-58185 LinköpingSweden

the organic electronic ion pump(OEIP)is an emerging bioelectronic technology for on-demand and local delivery of pharmacologically active species,especially targeting alkali ions,and *** electrical control is advantageous for providing precise spatial,temporal,and quantitative delivery,traditionally,it necessitates *** complicates ***,we demonstrate integration of an OEIP with a photovoltaic driver on a flexible carrier,which can be addressed by red light within the tissue transparency *** thin-film bilayer photovoltaic pixels are arranged in series and/or vertical tandem to provide the 2.5–4.5 V necessary for operating the high-resistance electrophoretic ion *** demonstrate light-stimulated transport of cations,ranging in size from protons to *** device,laminated on top of the skin,can easily be driven with a red LED emitting through a 1.5-cm-thick *** end result of our work is a thin and flexible integrated wireless device platform.

关键词： precise transparency alkali