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Oxysterols as promising small molecules for bone tissue engineering: Systematic review

World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第7期11卷 328-344页

作者： Ethan Cottrill Julianna Lazzari Zach Pennington Jeff Ehresman Andrew Schilling Naomi Dirckx Nicholas Theodore daniel sciubba Timothy Witham Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States

BACKGROUND Bone tissue engineering is an area of continued interest within orthopaedic surgery,as it promises to create implantable bone substitute materials that obviate the need for autologous bone ***,oxysterols–oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol-have been proposed as a novel class of osteoinductive small molecules for bone tissue ***,we present the first systematic review of the in vivo evidence describing the potential therapeutic utility of oxysterols for bone tissue *** To systematically review the available literature examining the effect of oxysterols on in vivo bone *** We conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA *** the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Web of Science databases,we queried all publications in the English-language literature investigating the effect of oxysterols on in vivo bone *** were screened for eligibility using PICOS criteria and assessed for potential bias using an expanded version of the SYRCLE Risk of Bias assessment *** full-text articles examining the effect of oxysterols on in vivo bone formation were *** data included:Animal species,surgical/defect model,description of therapeutic and control treatments,and method for assessing bone *** outcome was fusion rate for spinal fusion models and percent bone regeneration for critical-sized defect *** were tabulated and described by both surgical/defect model and oxysterol ***,data from all included studies were aggregated to posit the mechanism by which oxysterols may mediate in vivo bone *** Our search identified 267 unique articles,of which 27 underwent full-text *** studies(all preclinical)met our inclusion/exclusion *** the 13 included studies,5 employed spinal fusion models,2 employed critical-sized alveolar defect models,and 6 employed critical-sized calvarial defect *** upon SYRCLE c

关键词： Oxysterol Bone tissue engineering Critical-sized defect Biomaterial Orthopaedic surgery Systematic review

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Investigational growth factors utilized in animal models of spinal fusion: Systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第4期10卷 176-191页

作者： Ethan Cottrill A Karim Ahmed Noah Lessing Zachary Pennington Wataru Ishida Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja Sheng-fu Lo Elizabeth Howell Christina Holmes C Rory Goodwin Nicholas Theodore daniel M sciubba Timothy F Witham Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Duke University Medical Center

BACKGROUND Over 400000 Americans annually undergo spinal fusion surgeries, yet up to 40%of these procedures result in pseudoarthrosis even with iliac crest autograft, the current "gold standard" treatment. Tissue engineering has the potential to solve this problem via the creation of bone grafts involving bone-promoting growth factors(e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 2). A broad assessment of experimental growth factors is important to inform future work and clinical potential in this area. To date, however, no study has systematically reviewed the investigational growth factors utilized in preclinical animal models of spinal *** To review all published studies assessing investigational growth factors for spinal fusion in animal models and identify promising agents for *** We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase,Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases with searches run on May 29 th,2018. The search query was designed to include all non-human, preclinical animal models of spinal fusion reported in the literature without a timespan limit. Extracted data for each model included surgical approach, level of fusion,animal species and breed, animal age and sex, and any other relevant characteristics. The dosages/sizes of all implant materials, spinal fusion rates,and follow-up time points were recorded. The data were analyzed and the results reported in tables and text. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this systematic *** Twenty-six articles were included in this study, comprising 14 experimental growth factors: AB204(n = 1); angiopoietin 1(n = 1); calcitonin(n = 3);erythropoietin(n = 1); basic fibroblast growth factor(n = 1); growth differentiation factor 5(n = 4), combined insulin-like growth factor 1 +transforming growth factor beta(n = 4); insulin(n = 1); NELL-1(n = 5); noggin(n= 1); P-15(n = 1); peptide B2 A(n = 2); and secreted phosphoprotein 24(n = 1).The fusion rates of the current gold sta

关键词： Spinal fusion Growth factor Pseudoarthrosis Systematic review

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Diagnosis and surgical management of breast cancer metastatic to the spine

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第3期5卷 263-271页

作者： Derek G Ju Alp Yurter Ziya L Gokaslan daniel M sciubba Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death in Western women. Breast cancer most commonly metastasizes to the bone and has a particular affinity with the spine, accounting for 2/3 of osseous metastases discovered. With significant improvements in cancer therapies, the number of patients at risk for symptomatic spinal metastases is likely to increase. Patients may suffer from intractable pain and neurological dysfunction, negatively influencing their quality of life. Timely diagnosis of patients is crucial and has been aided by several breakthrough advances in imaging techniques which aid in detection, staging, and follow-up of bone metastases. Breast metastases are usually responsive to hormonal therapy and pharmacologic interventions, but skeletal metastases often require surgical intervention. The treatments are palliative but goals include the preserving or restoring neurologic function, ensuring spinal stability, and relieving pain. Advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation have allowed more effective decompres-sion and stabilization of the spine, and with the support of recent evidence the trend has shifted towards using more advanced surgical options in appropriately selected patients. In this review, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, patient selection, and surgical management of breast cancer metastatic to the spine are discussed.

关键词： Breast cancer Spine Metastasis Surgery Outcomes Decompression

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