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The effect of transcorneal electrical stimulation in visual acuity: Retinitis pigmentosa

Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第10期6卷 1-7页

作者： daniel robles-camarillo Luis Nino-de-Rivera Jessica Lopez-Miranda Félix Gil-Carrasco Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Department of Telematic Engineering Universidad Politécnica de PachucaZempoalaMexico Graduate Department ESIME UCInstituto Politécnico NacionalMéxico CityMéxico Retina Service Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en MéxicoMéxico CityMéxico Ophthalmology Service Denver Health Medical CenterDenverUSA

Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation (TES) was applied to a group of volunteer patients suffering from Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), in order to investigate the effect of TES in Visual Acuity (VA). 28 partial blind patients with diagnosis of classic RP, Usher syndrome I and/or II were stimulated transcornealy, during a period of 52 weeks using a non conventional waveform, only in the lowest visually capable eye. The proposed waveform has been modeled from the natural response of human retina and delivered by means of an adaptive generator designed and built for tissue stimulation. Statistical results show the improvement of average VA or at least the contention of the disease natural progress. Categorized analysis of results indicates the same effect that if the age of patients, time since diagnosis and genetic disorder variation (classic RP, Usher syndrome I and/or II) are considered, in this case clinical and electrophysiological follow-up parameters were statistically analyzed in order to know the effect of TES. General results yield an improvement of 48.15% in the average of VA for stimulated eyes against an average degreasing of -8.06% in the same scale, with respect to their basal condition before the start of the experiment.

关键词： Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Retinitis Pigmentosa Adaptive Waveform Model Visual Acuity

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美国次贷危机的罪人过得好极了！谢谢您的关心

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商业周刊（中文版） 2013年第12期 102-106页

作者： Max Abelson Martha camarillo(摄影) 魏群(译)

在丹尼尔·马德（daniel Mudd）位于美国康涅狄格州格林威治有六间卧室的豪宅里。此刻，他正双臂高举过头顶，假装握着一把铁铲。他在讲述一个故事，那是1983年在黎巴嫩的时候，有一次他醒来时发现另一名海军陆战队员正像那样举着一把... 详细信息

在丹尼尔·马德（daniel Mudd）位于美国康涅狄格州格林威治有六间卧室的豪宅里。此刻，他正双臂高举过头顶，假装握着一把铁铲。他在讲述一个故事，那是1983年在黎巴嫩的时候，有一次他醒来时发现另一名海军陆战队员正像那样举着一把真的铁铲，要向他砍下来。那名士兵的名字叫普福茨（Pfautz）。

关键词：次贷危机美国罪人关心康涅狄格州格林威治丹尼尔黎巴嫩

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Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： Gordon P.Smith Goggy Davidowitz Ruben Alarcón daniel R.Papaj Judith L.Bronstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths intraspecific variation pollination sex differences

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