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Review of current diagnostic methods and advances in Helicobacter pylori diagnostics in the era of next generation sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4629-4660页

作者： daniel pohl Peter M Keller Valentine Bordier Karoline Wagner Division of Gastroenterology University Hospital of ZurichZurich 8006Switzerland Institute for Infectious Diseases University of BernBern 3010Switzerland Institute of Medical Microbiology University of ZurichZurich 8006Switzerland

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly prevalent in the human population and may lead to severe gastrointestinal pathology including gastric and duodenal ulcers,mucosa associated tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.In recent years,an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance and subsequently failing empiric H.pylori eradication therapies have been noted worldwide,also in many European countries.Therefore,rapid and accurate determination of H.pylori’s antibiotic susceptibility prior to the administration of eradication regimens becomes ever more important.Traditionally,detection of H.pylori and its antimicrobial resistance is done by culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing that are cumbersome with a long turn-around-time.Recent advances in diagnostics provide new tools,like real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and line probe assays,to diagnose H.pylori infection and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics,directly from clinical specimens.Moreover,high-throughput whole genome sequencing technologies allow the rapid analysis of the pathogen’s genome,thereby allowing identification of resistance mutations and associated antibiotic resistance.In the first part of this review,we will give an overview on currently available diagnostic methods for detection of H.pylori and its drug resistance and their implementation in H.pylori management.The second part of the review focusses on the use of next generation sequencing technology in H.pylori research.To this end,we conducted a literature search for original research articles in English using the terms“Helicobacter”,“transcriptomic”,“transcriptome”,“next generation sequencing”and“whole genome sequencing”.This review is aimed to bridge the gap between current diagnostic practice(histology,rapid urease test,H.pylori culture,PCR and line probe assays)and new sequencing technologies and their potential implementation in diagnostic laboratory settings in order to complement the currently recommended H.pylori management guidelines and s

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Advances in diagnostics Next generation sequencing Whole genome sequencing Clinical management

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Non-optical polyp-based resect and discard strategy:A prospective clinical study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第19期28卷 2137-2147页

作者： Mahsa Taghiakbari Celia Hammar Mira Frenn Roupen Djinbachian Heiko pohl Erik Deslandres Simon Bouchard Mickael Bouin daniel von Renteln Department of Gastroenterology Montreal University Hospital Research Center(CRCHUM)Montréal H2X 0A9QuebecCanada Department of Gastroenterology University of MontrealFaculty of MedicineMontreal H2X 0A9QuebceCanada Department of Internal Medicine University of Montreal Hospital Center(CHUM)Montreal H2X 0A9QuebecCanada Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Medical CenterWhite River JunctionVT 05009United States Department of Gastroenterology Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and The Dartmouth InstituteHanoverNH 03755United States

BACKGROUND Post-polypectomy surveillance intervals are currently determined based on pathology results.AIM To evaluate a polyp-based resect and discard model that assigns surveillance intervals based solely on polyp number and size.METHODS Patients undergoing elective colonoscopies at the Montreal University Medical Center were enrolled prospectively.The polyp-based strategy was used to assign the next surveillance interval using polyp size and number.Surveillance intervals were also assigned using optical diagnosis for small polyps(<10 mm).The primary outcome was surveillance interval agreement between the polyp-based model,optical diagnosis,and the pathology-based reference standard using the 2020 United States Multi-Society Task Force guidelines.Secondary outcomes included the proportion of reduction in required histopathology evaluations and proportion of immediate post-colonoscopy recommendations provided to patients.RESULTS Of 944 patients(mean age 62.6 years,49.3%male,933 polyps)were enrolled.The surveillance interval agreement for the polyp-based strategy was 98.0%[95%confidence interval(CI):0.97-0.99]compared with pathology-based assignment.Optical diagnosis-based intervals achieved 95.8%(95%CI:0.94-0.97)agreement with pathology.When using the polyp-based strategy and optical diagnosis,the need for pathology assessment was reduced by 87.8%and 70.6%,respectively.The polyp-based strategy provided 93.7%of patients with immediate surveillance interval recommendations vs 76.1%for optical diagnosis.CONCLUSION The polyp-based strategy achieved almost perfect surveillance interval agreement compared with pathology-based assignments,significantly reduced the number of required pathology evaluations,and provided most patients with immediate surveillance interval recommendations.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal pathology Colorectal adenomas Endoscopy Surveillance Optical diagnosis

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Four-sample lactose hydrogen breath test for diagnosis of lactose malabsorption in irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7563-7570页

作者： Jian-Feng Yang Mark Fox Hua Chu Xia Zheng Yan-Qin Long daniel pohl Michael Fried Ning Dai Department of Gastroenterology The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to College of Medicine Zhejiang University Division of Gastroen- terology and Hepatology University Hospital Zürich NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit Queen’s Medical Centre

AIM: To validate 4-sample lactose hydrogen breath testing(4SLHBT) compared to standard 13-sample LHBT in the clinical setting.METHODS: Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea(IBS-D) and healthy volunteers(HVs) were enrolled and received a 10 g, 20 g, or 40 g doselactose hydrogen breath test(LHBT) in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. The lactase gene promoter region was sequenced. Breath samples and symptoms were acquired at baseline and every 15 min for 3 h(13 measurements). The detection rates of lactose malabsorption(LM) and lactose intolerance(LI) for a 4SLHBT that acquired four measurements at 0, 90, 120, and 180 min from the same data set were compared with the results of standard LHBT.RESULTS: Sixty IBS-D patients and 60 HVs were studied. The genotype in all participants was C/C-13910. LM and LI detection rates increased with lactose dose from 10 g, 20 g to 40 g in both groups(P < 0.001). 4SLHBT showed excellent diagnostic concordance with standard LHBT(97%-100%, Kappa 0.815-0.942) with high sensitivity(90%-100%) and specificity(100%) at all three lactose doses in both groups.CONCLUSION: Reducing the number of measurements from 13 to 4 samples did not significantly impact on the accuracy of LHBT in health and IBS-D. 4SLHBT is a valid test for assessment of LM and LI in clinical practice.

关键词： Lactose hydrogen breath test Diagnosis Lactose malabsorption Lactose intolerance Irritablebowel syndrome

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Investigation of Combustion of Emulated Biogas in a Gas Turbine Test Rig

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第4期27卷 331-340页

作者： Agustin VALERA-MEDINA Anthony GILES daniel PUGH Steve MORRIS Marcel pohl Andreas ORTWEIN Cardiff University Queen's Building Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnutzige GmbH Leipzig 04347 Germany Hochschule Merseburg Department Engineering and Natural Sciences Merseburg 06217 Germany

Combustion of biogas in gas turbines is an interesting option for provision of renewable combined heat and power from biomass. Due to an increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in the power grid(especially from wind and solar power), flexible power generation is of increasing importance. Additionally, with an increasing share of agricultural and municipal waste in biogas production, biogas composition is expected to be within a broader range. In this paper, the combustion of synthetic biogas(carbon dioxide and methane) in a combustion test rig with a swirl burner and a high pressure optical chamber is researched at different conditions. Results are compared to a CHEMKIN-PRO simulation using a detailed reaction mechanism. The results show that within the researched experimental matrix, stable biogas combustion for gas turbines can be achieved even with significantly changing gas composition and nominal power. Carbon dioxide concentration is varied from 0 to 60%. CO concentrations(normalized to 15% O_2) in the flue gas do not change significantly with increasing carbon dioxide in the fuel gas and, for the researched conditions, stayed below 10 ppm. NO_x concentration is below 10 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2) for pure methane, and is further decreasing with increasing carbon dioxide share in the fuel gas, which is mainly due to changing reaction paths as reaction analysis showed. Thermal load of the combustor is varied from 100% to 20% for the reference gas composition. With decreasing thermal load, normalized carbon monoxide flue gas concentration is further reduced, while NOx concentrations are remaining at a similar level around 5 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2).

关键词：燃烧能汽轮机煤气钻塔测试二氧化碳燃料气体反应机制

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Research and Practice of Flexibility in Distribution Systems:A Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2019年第3期5卷 285-294页

作者： Stefan Dalhues Yang Zhou Oliver pohl Florian Rewald Fabian Erlemeyer Dennis Schmid Jannik Zwartscholten Zita Hagemann Christian Wagner daniel Mayorga Gonzalez Hua Liu Mingmin Zhang Jiayan Liu Christian Rehtanz Yong Li Yijia Cao the TU Dortmund University Dortmund 44227Germany the College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114China.

Flexibility in energy systems can support the operation of the electricity grid by providing active and reactive power to avoid voltage limit violations or congestion.Active distribution networks can provide this flexibility by implementing systems to control distributed generators,storage or loads.Additionally,power flow controlling devices can be used to implement operational flexibility in the energy system.This paper presents concepts for planning and forecasting of flexibility,monitoring of energy systems and control of flexibility from active distribution networks(ADNs)to enable the use of flexibility in future power systems.

关键词： Active distribution networks distributed generation power flow control

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