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Deep learning for visualization and novelty detection in large X-ray diffraction datasets

npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 942-947页

作者： Lars Banko Phillip M.Maffettone Dennis Naujoks daniel olds Alfred Ludwig Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsRuhr University BochumBochumGermany National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA ZGH Center for Interface-Dominated High Performance MaterialsRuhr University BochumBochumGermany

We apply variational autoencoders(VAE)to X-ray diffraction(XRD)data analysis on both simulated and experimental thin-film *** show that crystal structure representations learned by a VAE reveal latent information,such as the structural similarity of textured diffraction *** other artificial intelligence(AI)agents are effective at classifying XRD data into known phases,a similarly conditioned VAE is uniquely effective at knowing what it doesn’t know:it can rapidly identify data outside the distribution it was trained on,such as novel phases and *** capabilities demonstrate that a VAE is a valuable AI agent for aiding materials discovery and understanding XRD measurements both‘on-the-fly’and during post hoc analysis.

关键词： VAE uniquely latent

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Fever among Children with Sickle-Cell Disease: Findings from the General Pediatric Ward of the Owendo Pediatric Hospital in Libreville, Gabon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期4卷 262-268页

作者： Jean Koko daniel Gahouma Simon Ategbo Cathérine Seilhan Armelle Pambou André Moussavou General Pediatrics Service Owendo Peditric Hospital (OPH) Libreville Gabon Laboratory of Medical Biology Owendo Pediatric Hospital (OPH) Libreville Gabon Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences University (USS) Libreville Gabon

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) represents a substantial public health problem in Gabon. Fever is one of the principal reasons for the hospitalization of children afflicted by major sickle-cell disorder, since it can be a clinical reflection of severe infections that have the potential to become life threatening. Objectives: Identification of the main causes of fever in children with SCD in our clinical setting, with the aim of optimizing treatments. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all the medical files for children with SCD that were admitted to our ward, over a two year period, due to fever (>38.5°C) lasting more than 24 hours. Only those files that contained at least the following five fundamental medical examinations were retained for further evaluation: Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood smear, blood culture, urine culture and chest X-ray. Out of a total of 118 admissions (103 patients), 87 (73.7%) were due to the incidence of fever. The medical files of 11 patients were deemed to be unusable. Seventy-six episodes of fever were observed among 69 children, of which 42 were male and 27 female (sex ratio of 1.5). Among these, seven (10%) were admitted twice. Results: The age groups that were most affected included 12 - 18 year-olds (30 cases: 43.5%) and 6 - 12 year-olds (26 cases: 37.7%). The most common accompanying symptoms were bone and joint pain (43.4%), asthenia (22.4%), cough (19.7%), vomiting (17%) and headache (15.8%). The specific cause of the fever could not be pinpointed in 29 cases (38.1%). Aside from these cases, the main causes of fever were malaria (30.3%) and bronchopulmonary infections (22.4%). The white blood cell count was >20,000/mm3 in 47% of respiratory infections, 43.5% of the cases involving malaria and 55.2% of cases of fever with unknown cause. Hemoglobin levels were <5g/dl for 52.2% of the cases involving malaria and 22.6% for those of unknown origin. For four patients, all less than 10 years of age, the disease was fata

关键词： Sickle-Cell Disease Fever Malaria Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) Gabon

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Evaluation of morbidity in Schistosoma mansoni-positive primary and secondary school children after four years of mass drug administration of praziquantel in western Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 140-141页

作者： Bernard O.Abudho Bernard Guyah Bartholomew N.Ondigo Eric M.Ndombi Edmund Ireri Jennifer M.Carter Diana K.Riner Nupur Kittur Diana M.S.Karanja daniel G.Colley Centre for Global Health Research(KEMRI-CGHR) Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology Maseno UniversityMasenoKenya 不详

Background:World Health Organization guidelines recommend preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel to control morbidity due to *** primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if 4 years of annual mass drug administration(MDA)in primary and secondary schools lowered potential markers of morbidity in infected children 1 year after the final MDA compared to infected children prior to initial MDA ***:Between 2012 and 2016 all students in two primary and three secondary schools within three kilometers of Lake Victoria in western Kenya received annual mass praziquantel *** evaluate potential changes in morbidity we measured height,weight,mid-upper arm circumference,hemoglobin levels,abdominal ultrasound,and quality of life in children in these *** study compared two cross-sectional samples of Schistosoma mansoni egg-positive children:one at baseline and one at year five,1 year after the fourth annual *** were analyzed for all ages(6–18 years old)and stratified by primary(6–12 years old)and secondary(12–18 years old)school ***:The prevalence of multiple potential morbidity markers did not differ significantly between the egg-positive participants at baseline and those at 5 years by Mann Whitney nonparametric analysis and Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical data,*** was a small but significantly higher score in school-related quality of life assessment by year five compared to baseline by Mann Whitney analysis(P=0.048)in 13–18 year olds where ***,anemia was not positively impacted by four annual rounds of MDA,but registered a significant negative ***:We did not detect differences in morbidity markers measured in a population of those infected or re-infected after multiple *** could have been due to their relative insensitivity or a failure of MDA to prevent morbidity among those who remain *** malaria trans

关键词： Schistosomiasis Kenya Mass drug administration School-based Morbidity School pediatrics quality of life scores

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