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Interactive influence of rainfall manipulation and livestock grazing on species diversity of the herbaceous layer community in a humid savannah in Kenya

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 198-205页

作者： Joseph o.ondier Daniel O.Okach John C.onyango Dennis o.otieno Department of Botany Maseno University Private Bag Maseno Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology P.O Box 210-40601 Bondo Kenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Changes in rainfall regime and grazing pressure affect vegetation composition and diversity with ecological implications for savannahs. The savannah in East Africa has experienced increased livestock grazing and rainfall variability but the impacts associated with those changes on the herbaceous layer have rarely been documented. We investigated the effect of livestock grazing, rainfall manipulation and their interaction on the composition and diversity of the herbaceous community in the savannah for two years in Lambwe, Kenya. Rainfall manipulation plots were set up for vegetation sampling;these plots received either 50% more or 50% less rainfall than control plots. Simpson’s diversity and Bergere Parker indices were used to determine diversity changes and dominance respectively. The frequency of species was used to compute their abundance and their life forms as determined from the literature. Grazing significantly increased species diversity through suppression of dominant species. Rainfall manipulation had no significant impact on plant diversity in fenced plots, but rainfall reduction significantly reduced diversity in grazed plots. In contrast, rainfall manipulation had no impact on dominance in either fenced or grazed plots. The interaction of grazing and rainfall manipulation is complex and will require additional survey campaigns to create a complete picture of the implications for savannah structure and composition.

关键词： Plant diversity Grazing Rainfall Moist savannah

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Assembly and electrochemical testing of renewable carbon-based anodes in SIBs:A practical guide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 457-477,I0012页

作者： Darío Alvira daniel Antorán Joan JManyà Aragón Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Thermochemical Processes GroupUniversity of ZaragozaEscuela Politécnica Superior22071 HuescaSpain

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a promising candidate to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Abundant sodium resources and similar working principles make this technology attractive to be implemented in the near future.However,the development of high-performance carbon anodes is a focal point to the upcoming success of SIBs in terms of power density,cycling stability,and lifespan.Fundamental knowledge in electrochemical and physicochemical techniques is required to properly evaluate the anode performance and move it in the right direction.This review aims at providing a comprehensive guideline to help researchers from different backgrounds(e.g.,nanomaterials and thermochemistry)to delve into this topic.The main components,lab configurations,procedures,and working principles of SIBs are summarized.Moreover,a detailed description of the most used electrochemical and physicochemical techniques to characterize electrochemically active materials is provided.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery Anode Hard carbon Electrochemical techniques Carbon characterization

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Pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles:a review of surface chemistry,contaminant mobility,and future research avenues to fill the gaps

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 635-651页

作者： Logan Swaren Salman Safari Kurt o.Konhauser daniel S.Alessi Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta3-16 Earth Sciences BuildingEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

Nanoparticles are abundant in the subsurface,soil,streams,and water bodies,and are often a critical control on elemental speciation,transport and cycling in the natural environment.This review provides an overview of pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles(PBNPs),their surface properties and reactivity towards aqueous species.We focus specifically on biochar-derived nanoparticles and activated carbon-derived nanoparticles which fall under our classification of PBNPs.Activated carbon-iron(nano)composites are included in some instances where there are significant gaps in literature because of their environmental relevance.Increased use of activated carbon,along with a resurgence in the manufacture and application of biochar for water treatment and soil amendment,has generated significant concerns about the mobility and toxicity of PBNPs derived from the bulk material in environmental applications.Recent examples are discussed to highlight current progress in understanding the influence of PBNPs on contaminant transport,followed by a critical discussion of gaps and future research directions.

关键词： Nanoparticles Surface chemistry Activated carbon Biochar

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老年心血管疾病医护照料

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第2期25卷 87-100页

作者： Deirdre E o′Neill daniel E Forman 唐施祺(译) 周红霞(校) University of Alberta Hospital EdmontonABCanada University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and VA Pittsburgh GeriatricResearchEducation and Clinical Center(GRECC)PittsburghPAUSA 广西医科大学外国语学院广西医科大学公共卫生学院

年龄是心血管疾病的独立危险因素。随着老年人口的加速增长,老年医学与心脏病照护越来越息息相关。尽管年轻的心血管疾病患者一般不伴有其他疾病,但老年患者常伴随与年龄相关的多种疾病。因此,对心血管疾病的管理方案也会因其他共病、... 详细信息

年龄是心血管疾病的独立危险因素。随着老年人口的加速增长,老年医学与心脏病照护越来越息息相关。尽管年轻的心血管疾病患者一般不伴有其他疾病,但老年患者常伴随与年龄相关的多种疾病。因此,对心血管疾病的管理方案也会因其他共病、衰弱、多重用药、认知功能障碍、机体功能减退和年龄相关的复杂问题而变化。这意味着在管理老年心血管疾病患者时,需要更多的洞察力和技能来应对普遍存在的相关问题。本综述涵盖了治疗老年心血管疾病时可能存在的其他老年问题,特别是在心血管疾病管理方面应考虑的问题。传统的实践指南通常比较适合健康的老年人,用于应对多变的医疗状况、实现特殊照护目标的个体化治疗方案才会使更多人受益。这需要根据患者的总体状况权衡风险和效益,同时具备在决策时与患者沟通,并在适宜情况下与其他照护者进行交流的能力。这种个性化方案的效果尤为显著,为老年患者提供了改善机体功能和提升生活质量的机会,而这往往是治疗老年患者的首要目标。

关键词：老年心血管疾病老年问题医疗状况实践指南老年患者照护者多重用药老年医学

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Differences in Judo Attack Systems Between Weight Categories

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 263-273页

作者： daniel Brandão Kashiwagura Javier Courel-Ibáñez Felipe Brandão Kashiwagura Marcus Fábio Agostinho Emerson Franchini Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group School of Physical Education and SportSport DepartmentUniversity of São PauloAv.Prof.Mello Morais65Cidade UniversitáriaSão PauloSP 05508-030Brazil Faculty of Sport Sciences University of MurciaMurciaSpain Brazilian Judo Confederation Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Purpose In judo,athletes compete based on weight categories,which are required to adapt the training process accordingly,but not enough research is present to understand their particularities.The present study aimed to verify the differences in judo attack systems performed between the seven male weight categories in world-class athletes.Methods A cohort of 5847 attack systems from 1106 international judo matches was analyzed.The Chi-square auto-matic interaction detector was used to identify the association between the variables tori approach(attacker),uke approach(defender),tori’s grip,stance and direction of attack.Results The main results showed that:(1)the grip is the main predictor of attack systems;(2)laterality exerts a strong influence on attack systems;(3)the≤81 kg and>100 kg categories were differentiated by the use of unconventional grips;(4)the≤60 kg used more kenka-yotsu(opposite sides)right stance with the only Right Hand grip;(5)the≤81 kg category used more the ai-yotsu(same side)left stance with the only Left Hand grip.Conclusion The results reported from this study can help coaches and athletes in choosing the best technical-tactical actions when developing combat strategies.

关键词： Martial arts Decision tree Analysis Athletes Judoka Fight dynamics

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Time to consider the potential role of alternative resistance training methods in cancer management?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 715-725页

作者： Francesco Bettariga Chris Bishop Dennis R.Taaffe daniel A.Galvão Luca Maestroni Robert U.Newton Exercise Medicine Research Institute Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia London Sport Institute School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonNW44BTUK School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4067Australia

Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer.Exercise improves health-related outcomes,including quality of life,neuromuscular strength,physical function,and body composition,and it is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and increased survival.Moreover,exercise during or post cancer treatments is safe,can ameliorate treatment-related side effects,and may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.To date,traditional resistance training(RT)is the most used RT modality in exercise oncology.However,alternative training modes,such as eccentric,cluster set,and blood flow restriction are gaining increased attention.These training modalities have been extensively investigated in both athletic and clinical populations(e.g.,age-related frailty,cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes),showing considerable benefits in terms of neuromuscular strength,hypertrophy,body composition,and physical function.However,these training modes have only been partially or not at all investigated in cancer populations.Thus,this study outlines the benefits of these alternative RT methods in patients with cancer.Where evidence in cancer populations is sparse,we provide a robust rationale for the possible implementation of certain RT methods that have shown positive results in other clinical populations.Finally,we provide clinical insights for research that may guide future RT investigations in patients with cancer and suggest clear practical applications for targeted cancer populations and related benefits.

关键词： Blood flow restriction Cluster set Eccentric training Resistance trainingTagedAPTARAEnd

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Hydrogels for neuroprotection and functional rewiring: a new era for brain engineering

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 783-789页

作者： Rocío Fernández-Serra Rebeca Gallego Paloma Lozano daniel González-Nieto Center for Biomedical Technology Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. MadridSpain Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería ETSI TelecomunicacionesUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) MadridSpain

The neurological devastation of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases reinforces our perseverance to find advanced treatments to deal with these fatal pathologies.High-performance preclinical results have failed at clinical level,as it has been the case for a wide variety of neuroprotective agents and cell-based therapies employed to treat high prevalent brain pathologies such as stroke,Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.An unquestionable reality is the current absence of effective therapies to neuroprotect the brain,to arrest neurodegeneration and rewire the impaired brain circuits.Part of the problem might arise from the lack of adequate in vitro and in vivo models and that most of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clarified.Another contributing factor is the lack of efficient systems to sustain drug release at therapeutic concentrations and enhance the survival and function of grafted cells in transplantation procedures.For medical applications the use of biomaterials of different compositions and formats has experienced a boom in the last decades.Although the greater complexity of central nervous system has probably conditioned their extensive use with respect to other organs,the number of biomaterials-based applications to treat the injured brain or in the process of being damaged has grown exponentially.Hydrogel-based biomaterials have constituted a turning point in the treatment of cerebral disorders using a new form of advanced therapy.Hydrogels show mechanical properties in the range of cerebral tissue resulting very suitable for local implantation of drugs and cells.It is also possible to fabricate three-dimensional hydrogel constructs with adaptable mesh size to facilitate axonal guidance and elongation.Along this article,we review the current trends in this area highlighting the positive impact of hydrogel-based biomaterials over the exhaustive control of drug delivery,cell engraftment and axonal reinnervation in brain pathologies.

关键词： advanced therapies Alzheimer’s disease biomaterials brain hydrogels neurological diseases Parkinson’s disease polymers stroke

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Control of inherited structural fabric on the development and exhumation of passive margins-Insights from the Araçuaíorogen(Brazil)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 30-48页

作者： Ana Fonseca Tiago Novo Tobias Fonte-Boa Matheus Kuchenbecker daniel Galvão Carnier Fragoso daniel Peifer Antônio Carlos Pedrosa-Soares Johan De Grave Laboratory for Mineralogy and Petrology Department of GeologyGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S89000 GhentBelgium Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Programa de Pós-Graduação em GeologiaCPMTC-IGCCampus PampulhaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Centro de Pesquisas Professor Manoel Teixeira da Costa Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Instituto de Ciência e TecnologiaCentro de Estudos em GeociênciasLaboratório de Estudos TectônicosDiamantinaBrazil Petrobras Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Department of Geosciences University of TübingenSchnarrenbergstr.94-9672076 TübingenGermany

The Araçuaíorogen,in eastern Brazil,was formed during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian amalgamation of West Gondwana.During the Mesozoic–Cenozoic opening of the South Atlantic ocean,and the associated divergent tectonics,the orogen developed as basement to the passive margin of South America and was progressively covered by thick offshore sedimentary basins,particularly the Espírito Santo,Mucuri,and Cumuruxatiba basins,in which hydrocarbon systems have been exploited.our understanding of the Araçuaíorogen’s passive margin evolution,erosion,and sediment transfer to these basins ultimately depends on constraining the onshore exhumation in response to Mesozoic–Cenozoic events.Here,new and previously published data from apatite fission-track(AFT)analyses and inverse thermal history modelling of(Pre)Cambrian basement rocks from the Araçuaíorogen resolve three discrete basement cooling and associated erosional exhumation episodes.In the Pre-Rift phase,Jurassic–Hauterivian erosion of the Araçuaíorogen is most likely related to the adjoining intra-continental West Gondwana flexural subsidence,which increased hillslope and river erosion power.In the Rift and Transitional phases,Barremian–Albian accelerated phase of erosion is associated with the uplift of the Atlantic rift shoulders and the establishment of an oceanic base-level.In the Drift phase,reactivations in response to far-field stresses likely triggered a Late Cretaceous–Paleocene rapid erosion event.The rates at which these events unfolded vary spatially and are controlled by inherited structures.The Araçuaíorogen experienced slower denudation rates in areas closer to the São Francisco Craton,which suggests that the tectonic reactivation and related surface uplift during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic is in first-order controlled by lithospheric rigidity.Furthermore,the structural framework of the Paramirim and Pirapora aulacogens and NE-oriented shear zones in the orogen’s southeast facilitated later reactivations.From the spatial pattern of denudation/exhumation of the Araçu

关键词： Thermal history Denudation Tectonic inheritance Reactivations South Atlantic Hydrocarbons

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Balancing nutrients in a toxic environment: the challenge of eating

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 289-303页

作者： Peng Wang daniel G.Vassão Bettina Raguschke Michael J.Furlong Myron P.Zalucki School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany

Insect herbivores can regulate their food intake by mixing food sources with different nutrient content, but face the resulting challenge of ingesting various plant secondary metabolites. How insects deal with toxins in a complex nutrient environment is unclear. Here we investigated the influence of a classic plant secondary metabolite, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), and its hydrolyzed product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed on diets with different protein-to-carbohydrate (p : c) ratios. We also examined the effects of these toxins on larval biochemistry, by chemically analyzing the frass produced by insects feeding on the different diets. As expected, AITC had a greater negative effect than sinigrin on H. armigera life-history traits. However, AITC at low concentration appeared to have a positive effect on some traits. Both sinigrin and AITC-induced detoxification activity in the gut, and the reaction was related to diet protein concentration. High-protein diets can provide the required free amino acid, especially cysteine, needed for the detoxification process. The nutrient content of the diet influences how plant secondary metabolites are handled, and the use of artificial diets in experiments investigating the metabolic fate of plant secondary compounds needs to be carefully evaluated.

关键词： diet protein glucosinolate gut metabolism Helicoverpa armigera isothiocyanate

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Updates in the use of radiotherapy in the management of primary and locally-advanced penile cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 389-406页

作者： Akshar Patel Arash o.Naghavi Peter A.Johnstone Philippe E.Spiess G.daniel Grass University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine TampaFLUSA Department of Radiation oncology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA Department of Genitourinary oncology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA

objective:Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in most developed countries,but may represent a significant oncologic challenge in certain African,Asian,and South American regions.Various treatment approaches have been described in penile cancer,including radio-therapy.This review aimed to provide a synopsis of radiotherapy use in penile cancer management and the associated toxicities.In addition,we aimed to discuss palliative radiation for metastases to the penis and provide a brief overview of how tumor biology may assist with treatment decision-making.Methods:Peer-reviewed manuscripts related to the treatment of penile cancer with radio-therapy were evaluated by a PubMed search(1960-2021)in order to assess its role in the definitive and adjuvant settings.Selected manuscripts were also evaluated for descriptions of radiation-related toxicity.Results:Though surgical resection of the primary is an excellent option for tumor control,select patients may be treated with organ-sparing radiotherapy by either external beam radiation or brachytherapy.Data from randomized controlled trials comparing radiotherapy and surgery are lacking,and thus management is frequently determined by institutional practice patterns and available expertise.Similarly,this lack of clinical trial data leads to divergence in opinion regarding lymph node management.This is further complicated in that many cited studies evaluating lymph node radiotherapy used non-modern radiotherapy delivery techniques.Groin toxicity from either surgery or radiotherapy remains a challenging problem and further risk assessment is needed to guide intensification with multi-modal therapy.Intrinsic differences in tumor biology,based on human papillomavirus infection,may help aid future prognostic and predictive models in patient risk stratification or treatment approach.Conclusion:Penile cancer is a rare disease with limited clinical trial data driving the majority of treatment decisions.As a result,the goal of management is to effectively treat the disease while balan

关键词： Brachytherapy Chemoradiation Radiation Radiotherapy Penile cancer Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis Penile-sparing Penile metastase Human papillomavirus

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