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Introduction:The past,present,and future of research on running barefoot and in minimal shoes

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第2期3卷 65-66,152页

作者： daniel e.lieberman Irene S.Davis Benno M.Nigg Department of Human evolutionary Biology Harvard University Spaulding National Running Center’ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology The University of Calgary

Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little *** ancestors ran barefoot because they had no *** footwear was first invented during the last 40,000 years (no doubt at different times and in different places),shoes were by necessity minimal-essentially sandals and moccasins-designed to protect the sole of the foot but lacking any of the sophisticated features and materials present in modem running shoes such as elevated cushioned heels,arch supports,and toe *** of these features were invented in the 1970s,and they quickly became more popular and sophisticated as running underwent a worldwide ***,the vast majority of runners think it is normal to wear cushioned running shoes,and would never dream of running without them.

关键词： necessity shoes sophisticated doubt millions running essentially likely debate briefly

The effect of minimal shoes on arch structure and intrinsic foot muscle strength

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第2期3卷 74-85,152+156页

作者： elizabeth e.Miller Katherine K.Whitcome daniel e.lieberman Heather L.Norton Rachael e.Dyer Department of Anthropology University of Cincinnati Department of Human evolutionary Biology Harvard University Department of Biomedical Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Cincinnati

Background:This prospective study explored the effects of endurance running(eR) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot’s superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal *** hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher,stronger,stiffer ***:The hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups,a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear,whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training *** kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment ***:Analysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitomm brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11%and 21%,respectively,but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18%and 22%,respectively,and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness(60%).Conclusion:These results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the springlike function of the longitudinal arch,thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch,thereby strengthening the foot.

关键词： endurance running Foot strength Foot strike Intrinsic foot muscles Longitudinal arch Minimal support footwear

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《人体的故事:进化、健康和疾病》

科学新闻 2015年第6期 10-10页

作者： daniel e.lieberman

出版社:Pantheon Books出版时间:2013年10月内容简介"适者生存"是进化论的一种常见通俗解读。然而面对癌症、糖尿病等困扰我们的一系列疾病,许多人不免要问:人类真的适应现在的环境吗?围绕这个问题,作者带我们回顾了人体的进化历程,并... 详细信息

出版社:Pantheon Books出版时间:2013年10月内容简介"适者生存"是进化论的一种常见通俗解读。然而面对癌症、糖尿病等困扰我们的一系列疾病,许多人不免要问:人类真的适应现在的环境吗?围绕这个问题,作者带我们回顾了人体的进化历程,并试图以此来解释现代社会遇到的一系列健康问题。他指出,某物种之所以能够在生存竞争中胜出,靠的是繁衍后代的更大优势,而非物种的个体健康长寿。因此

关键词：疾病人类错配脂肪

Testing and modelling of transient adhesion phenomena in rolling-sliding contacts

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1016-1027页

作者： daniel KVARDA Alexander MeIeRHOFeR Klaus SIX Faculty of Mechanical engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno61669Czech Republic Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Graz8010Austria

Transient adhesion effects in rolling–sliding contacts influence all aspects of train–track *** is of high importance specifically when these effects result in critically low adhesion,which poses a risk to traction and braking of railway *** study presents a model that can replicate the transient changes of the coefficient of adhesion with tested water and solid particle *** experimental data for the model are measured using a commercial ball-on-disc *** experimental results showed a liquid reservoir in front of the contact area that slowly reduces in *** observation was used in the modelling approach to divide the calculation into two stages where the reservoir is present and when it *** model was able to reproduce the occurrence of low adhesion region seen in experimental results with different particle concentrations.

关键词： coefficient of adhesion tribology transient effects wheel-rail contact

energy model based on solar potential and the production of electrical energy through living plants’photosynthesis

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Clean energy 2024年第3期8卷 116-126页

作者： Raymond daniel Rodriguez Martinez Department of Industrial Production Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Metropolitana1073 CaracasVenezuela

Developing a sustainable energy model is imperative considering the current trend towards decarbonizing sectors *** this purpose,Venezuela was used as a reference to propose an energy model focused on taking advantage of plant photosynthesis through microbial-vegetable fuel cells together with an agro-photovoltaic system to enhance energy and agricultural *** production from the cells was estimated using an average power density of 264 mW/m^(2) over 4%of the areas destined for crops in the entire Venezuelan region,obtaining an annual production of 19.889 GWh/*** contrast,the energy production of the agro-photovoltaic system was modelled using PVsyst software on 50%of the area used for the cells distributed throughout the states of Anzoátegui,Guárico,Monagas and Portuguesa according to their meteorological conditions,solar irradiation and agricultural activity,resulting in 3703417 GWh/*** resulting whole system proved to be able to cover>10 times the installed electricity generation capacity at a national level and,together with the tremendous scalability of the microbial fuel cells,it shows that Venezuela has a high potential for the production and distribution of clean energy.

关键词： ecosystems microbial fuel cell microorganisms renewable sustainability

Beyond the code:the role of histone methylation in cancer resistance and therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2837-2839页

作者： daniel Noerenberg Frederik Damm Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthDepartment of HematologyOncologyand Cancer ImmunologyBerlinGermany German Cancer Consortium(Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung DKTK)Partner SiteBerlinGermany

In a recently published paper in Nature,Yamagishi et *** a comprehensive exploration on the mechanistic basis and subsequent emergence of resistance of targeting histone H3 lysine trimethylation(H3K27me3)using the eZH... 详细信息

关键词： eZH2 resistance

Plant-microbial fuel cell for electrical generation through living plants: an internal resistance insight into the plant species used

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Clean energy 2024年第5期8卷 45-53页

作者： Raymond daniel Rodriguez Martinez Department of Industrial Production Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Metropolitana1073 CaracasVenezuela

Climate change is a global threat,the presence of which has encouraged the development and implementation of renewable energies,including plant–microbial fuel cells,which could generate 6629568–33147840 MWh per year due to their large-scale *** of the main challenges associated with microbial cells is internal resistance—a parameter whose magnitude is influenced by sev-eral *** the case of plant–microbial fuel cells,adding a plant positively affects the mitigation of internal ***,the species employed is expected to play an important *** the present study,the objective was to determine as a general reference the internal resistance of cells using various plant species,among which were tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),black beans(Phaseolus vulgaris),aloe vera(Aloe vera),corn(Zea mays),and moss(Dicranidae).For this purpose,an experimental procedure was carried out to compare the manual voltage measurements with a free cell concerning the voltage obtained by adding an external resistor in *** internal resistance values were determined as a function of the measured voltage,obtaining 177,179,175,324,and 233 kΩfor aloe vera,corn,tomato,black beans,and moss,*** this,it was shown that the roots of the plants represent an essen-tial addition to the internal resistance of the cell in the short *** contrast,plants with a C4 photosynthetic metabolism are more favourable,while C3 plants can also benefit from internal resistance during a more extended period of rhizodeposition.

关键词： climate change energy microorganism renewable source voltage

Assessment of scale interactions associated with wake meandering using bispectral analysis methodologies

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 65-75页

作者： Dinesh Kumar Kinjangi daniel Foti Department of Mechanical engineering University of MemphisMemphisTennesseeUSA

Large atmospheric boundary layer fluctuations and smaller turbine-scale vorticity dynamics are separately hypothesized to initiate the wind turbine wake meandering phenomenon,a coherent,dynamic,turbine-scale oscillation of the far *** interactions,the mechanism of energy transfers between scales,manifest as triples of wavenumbers or frequencies and can be characterized through bispectral *** bispectrum,which correlates the two frequencies to their sum,is calculated by two recently developed multi-dimensional modal decomposition methods:scale-specific energy transfer method and bispectral mode ***-eddy simulation of a utility-scale wind turbine in an atmospheric boundary layer with a broad range of large length-scales is used to acquire instantaneous velocity *** bispectrum from both methods identifies prominent upwind and wake meandering interactions that create a broad range of energy scales including the wake meandering *** coherent kinetic energy associated with the interactions shows strong correlation between upwind scales and wake meandering.

关键词： Wind turbine wake Mode decomposition Bispectral analysis

Numerical study on the use of soft material walls to enhance seismic performance of an existing tunnel

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 90-112页

作者： Qiangqiang Sun Menghao Hou daniel Dias Institute of Geotechnical engineering College of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Laboratory 3SR CNRS UMR 5521Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble 38000France

Seismic risk is one of the biggest challenges for tunnel safety,and several mitigation techniques have been proposed to enhance the seismic performance of existing *** paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of an innovative approach for reducing the seismic risk of existing tunnels by using soft material walls(SMW)symmetrically installed in the surrounding *** investigation is performed with a two-dimensional numerical model and the effectiveness of SMW in mitigating the seismic-induced lining forces is quantitatively evaluated by reduction *** influences of nonlinear properties of soil,SMW and tunnel lining on the isolation effectiveness are also *** parametric studies show that the computed reduction ratio is strongly affected by the modulus ratio between the SMW and the soil,the wall geometric parameter,and the flexibility *** is more effective for the thick and soft isolation walls that are inserted near a stiff tunnel in the soft *** tunnel seismic response can be reduced by up to 50%for the scenarios ***,the parametric study identifies an optimum normalized depth of SMW and recommends a relation between the maximum isolation effect and the flexibility ***,simple charts are suggested in this work for estimating the isolation effect in specific conditions of the soil and the *** these lines,the results of this work may be used in the seismic retrofitting of an existing tunnel,aiding the preliminary design of the isolation walls.

关键词： Tunnels earthquakes Seismic analysis Isolation walls Soft material