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Effect of crude methanol leaf extract ofCombretum racemosum on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in rats

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第2期5卷 77-81页

作者： chukwugozie nwachukwu Okwuosa Nkiruka Chinonyelum Azubike daniel chukwu nwachukwu Augustine chukwudum Onuba Elvis Neba Shu Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effect of crude methanolic extract of Combretum racemosum (C. racemosum) leaves on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in rats. Methods: Phytochemical and acute toxicity tests were performed. Anti-secretory activity of C. racemosum extract was investigated in pyloric ligated rats administered histamine. Gastric juice was collected from all the animals and the volume, titratable acidity, pH and mucus content were measured. The effect of C. racemosum extract on calcium chloride induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum suspended in high potassium, calcium-deficient depolarizing solution was investigated. The H2 receptor antagonistic potency was also evaluated using the isolated non-gravid rat uterus. Results:Phytochemistry revealed the presence of abundant amounts of saponins and moderate amounts of glycosides, terpenoids, proteins, reducing sugar, resins, alkaloids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The oral LD50 of the extract was greater than 8000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Pretreatment of pyloric ligated rats with C. racemosum prior to histamine administration significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the volume of gastric juice and titratable acidity, and significantly increased (P < 0.001) gastric pH and gastric mucus when compared to the negative control. Both doses ofC. racemosum protected rats significantly (P < 0.001) from histamine-induced ulceration.C. racemosum potently inhibited contractions evoked by calcium chloride in a dose-dependent and reversible manner with an IC50 of 1132μg/*** also antagonized the relaxant effect of histamine on the isolated rat uterus in a manner comparable to cimetidine. Conclusions: The leaves of C. racemosum possess gastric anti-secretory and anti-ulcer effects and justify its use in traditional medicine in South-East Nigeria for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

关键词： Combretum racemosum Anti-secretory activity H2 receptor Titratable acidity CaCl2 pH

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In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous extract in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第4期37卷 431-435页

作者： Akuodor Godwin Christian Ezeonu Chinonyelum Thecla Essien Augustine Dick Asika Ebere Chile Chilaka Kingsley Chimsorom nwachukwu daniel Ckukwu Nwobodo Ndubuisi Nwobodo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki P.M.B. 053 Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki RM.B.053 Nigeria Department of Pharmacology College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar P.M.B. 1115 Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka P.M.B. 5025 Nigeria Department of Physiology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu P.M.B. 1011 Nigeria

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous ***: The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the root bark aqueous extract of Bombax buonopozense against early and established rodent malaria infections in chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain in mice was investigated, and oral acute toxicity of the aqueous root bark extract of Bombax buonopozense was also evaluated in ***: The findings of this study revealed significant(P < 0.05) and dose dependent decrease in parasitaemia in the parasitized groups treated with varying doses of the extract(50-200 mg/kg p.o.) in both suppressive and curative tests. There was also significant decrease in parasitaemia density in the chloroquine treated group. The aqueous extract was found no toxicity in mice and the oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/***: Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous extract possesses potent antiplasmodial activity and may therefore, serve as potential sources of new antimalarial agents.

关键词： Plasmodium berghei Bombax Plant extracts Phytochemicals Toxicity tests, acute

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Validation of the clinical tuberculosis screening algorithm used in Nigerian national tuberculosis control programme for screening people living with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： Emmanuel N. Aguwa Chika N. Onwasigwe Joseph N. chukwu daniel C. Oshi Charles C. Nwafor Babatunde I. Omotowo Anne C. Ndu Anthony O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme nwachukwu C. Ugwunna Moses C. Anyim Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Background: In high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis diagnosis is challenging. Some countries hence use clinical algorithms to screen for tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the national algorithm for clinical tuberculosis screening of persons living with HIV who attend comprehensive HIV clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of PLHIV who presented with cough of at least 2 weeks duration between 2009 and 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtained from the participants. Results: Three hundred and twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males and 166 (53.2%) females. Only 55 (17.6%) of the participants had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), night sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), anorexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain (c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessness (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were not significant in PLHWA with/without pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, fever, night sweat and weight loss combined gave a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.3% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Conclusion: Findings suggest that though national screening algorithm is a valid tool to screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV, it will lead to many false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screening Tool Validation

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