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Sendai Framework’s Global Targets A and b: Opinions from the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction’s Ignite Stage 2019

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 651-663页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-bennett Krishna Clarke daniel Mendez School of business University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Avoidable Deaths Network University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Office of the President Saint Michael Parish of Saint MichaelCaribbean Development BankBridgetown 11000Barbados

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 set seven global targets of which the first two targets are to reduce disaster deaths(target A) and diminish the number of affected people globally(target b)by *** realize these targets,the United Nations General Assembly’s Expert Working Group provided indicators to measure progress as well as terminologies for these targets in *** around these targets is *** article contributes to the understanding of the targets by exploring:(1) what are the conditions that may hinder achieving targets,as well as those that may accelerate their achievement at the national and local levels;and(2) which types of organizations should lead a country’s effort to reduce disaster deaths?These questions were answered by opinion survey research carried out at the Sixth Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk *** participants identified disaster risk reduction efforts,early warning systems,awareness,finance and investment(among others) as the important facilitating factors to achieve targets A and *** investment in human security,lack of response and coordination,uncertainty of climate change,poor information,lack of campaigns and low budget allocation(among others) are considered as the important hindering factors for these targets by the *** findings also suggest that the facilitating and hindering variables of targets A and b are interconnected with global target E(disaster risk governance and capacity building).The majority of the participants thought that it is the national government who should lead in a country’s effort to reduce disaster *** on these findings,a few recommendations have been made to improve policy and practice related to the indicators as well as to reimagine theories so that targets A and b can be realized in alignment with target E at the national and local levels by 2030.

关键词： Disaster deaths Disaster risk reduction Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction HealthEDRM Health system Sendai Framework’s targets A and b

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Hepatic“pregnancy”:hepatocellular carcinoma with extensive extrahepatic growth

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第4期12卷 641-642页

作者： Ana Rita Ferreira bárbara Castro Jose daniel Martins João Varanda Alexandre Costa bela Pereira Manuel Oliveira General Surgery Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/EspinhoVila Nova de GaiaPortugal

A female in her 50s,no previous personal history,presented to the Emergency Department with a 7 months history of progressively worsening abdominal diffuse pain associated with increasing abdominal *** physical examin... 详细信息

关键词： pregnancy Hepatic Figure

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Exclusively endoscopic surgical resection of esthesioneuroblastoma: A systematic review

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第1期8卷 66-72页

作者： daniel b.Spielman Andi Liebowitz Maeher Grewal Chetan Safi Jonathan b.Overdevest Alfred M.Iloreta brett E.Youngerman David A.Gudis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Mount Sinai Hospital/lcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York.USA Department of Neurological Surgery New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA

background:Historically sinonasal malignancies were always addressed via open craniofacial surgery for an oncologic *** esthesioneuroblastomas are excised using an exclusively endoscopic approach,however,the rarity of this disease limits the availability of long-term and large scale outcomes ***:The primary objective is to evaluate the treatment modalities used and the overall survival of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma managed with exclusively endoscopic ***:In accordance with PRISMA guidelines,PubMed was queried to identify studies describing outcomes associated with endoscopic management of ***:Forty-four out of 2462 articles met inclusion criteria,totaling 399 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma treated with an exclusively endoscopic ***-two patients(18.0%)received adjuvant chemotherapy and 331 patients(83.0%)received postoperative radiation *** average age was 50.6 years old(range 6-83).Of the 399 patients,57(16.6%)were Kadish stage A,121(35.2%)were Kadish stage b,145(42.2%)were Kadish stage C,and 21(6.1%)were Kadish stage *** analysis demonstrated that 66.0%of patients had Hyams histologic GradeⅠorⅡ,while 34.0%of patients had GradeⅢorⅣ*** surgical margins were achieved in 86.9%of patients,and recurrence was identified in 10.3%of *** those with 5-year follow-up,reported overall survival was 91.1%.Conclusion:Exclusively endoscopic surgery for esthesioneuroblastoma is performed for a wide range of disease stages and grades,and the majority of these patients are also treated with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation *** overall recurrence rate is 10.3%and 5-year survival is 91.1%.

关键词： anterior skull base endoscopic skull base surgery esthesioneuroblastoma olfactory neuroblastoma skull base

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Dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids improves intestinal immunity to Eimeria in broilers treated with anti-interleukin-10 antibody

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 382-389页

作者： Zhouzheng Ren Jiakun Yan Rose Whelan Xujie Liao daniel E.bütz Maria K.Arendt Mark E.Cook Xiaojun Yang Thomas D.Crenshaw College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Department of Animal Sciences University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA Evonik Operations GmbH Hanau-WolfgangGermany

Oral antibody to interleukin-10(anti-IL-10)enhances the intestinal immune defense against *** sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine(MtC)play essential roles in inducing and maintaining protective immune responses during intestinal ***,increased dietary MtC may support the anti-IL-10-induced intestinal immunity to ***(n=640)were arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial design with 2 levels of each of the 3 main factors:dietary standardized ileal digestible(SID)MtC levels(0.6%or 0.8%),dietary anti-IL-10 supplementation(with or without),and coccidiosis challenge(control or challenge).briefly,the broilers were supplied with either 0.6%or 0.8%SID MtC,each with or without anti-IL-10(300 mg/kg),from d 10 to *** d 14,broilers from each diet were gavaged with either PbS or *** resulting Eimeria infection induced fecal oocyst shedding and intestinal *** fed 0.8%SID MtC(main effects,P≤0.05)had decreased feed-to-gain ratio,increased duodenum and cecum luminal anti-Eimeria IgA titers,and decreased fecal oocyst counts,when compared to 0.6%SID *** supplementation of anti-IL-10(main effects,P≤0.05)increased cecum luminal total IgA concentration and decreased cecum ***(P≤0.05)were detected for growth performance and cecum luminal IFN-γ.briefly,the highest body weight gain and feed intake were reached in PbS-gavaged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with no anti-IL-10 and in Eimeria-challenged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with *** Eimeria-infected broilers,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ and body weight gain only at 0.8%SID ***,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ levels,decreased cecum lesions and restored growth only when fed with adequate amounts of sulfur amino *** findings underscore the importance of providing sufficient essential nutrients to support the anti-IL-10 induced immunity against coccidiosis.

关键词： Chicken Coccidiosis Egg yolk antibody Interleukin-10 Sulfur amino acid

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Understanding root-zone soil moisture in agricultural regions of Central Mexico using the ensemble Kalman filter,satellite-derived information,and the THEXMEX-18 dataset

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 52-78页

作者： Héctor Ernesto Huerta-bátiz daniel Enrique Constantino-Recillas Alejandro Monsiváis-Huertero Juan Carlos Hernández-Sánchez Jasmeet Judge Ramón Sidonio Aparicio-García Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Ticomán Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico Tecnológico Nacional de México-TESE EcatepecMexico Department of Agricultural and biological Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

An Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)-based assimilation algorithm was implemented to estimate root-zone soil moisture(RZSM)using a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer(SVAT)model during a complete growing season of corn in Central *** and field soil moisture(SM)observations and NASA SMAP SM retrievals were used to understand the effect of vertically spatial updates and uncertainties in meteorological forcings on RZSM *** of RZSM every 3 days using SM observations at 4 depths lowered the averaged standard deviation(ASD)and the root mean square error(RMSE)by 60%and 50%,respectively,compared to the open-loop *** assimilation of synthetic SM at the top 0-5 cm obtained RZSM closer to observations compared to THEXMEX-18 SM measurements and SMAP SM *** between EnKF estimates and SM observations and SMAP SM retrievals are mainly due to misrepresentation of vegetation *** results improved SM estimates up to 10-cm depth using SMAP SM retrievals;however,additional studies are needed to improve SM at deeper *** implemented methodology can estimate SM at the top 10 cm of the soil every 3 days to mitigate the impact of the climate change on agricultural production over rainfed areas,particularly in developing countries.

关键词： Root-zone soil moisture SVAT model ensemble kalman filter soil moisture active-Passive(SMAP)mission agricultural region THEXMEX-18 central Mexico

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A critical evaluation of subjective ratings： Unacquainted observers can reliably assess certain personality traits

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 162-169页

作者： Matthew b.PETELLE daniel T.bLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Rocky Mountain biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO 81224 USA

Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more efficient than codings. One potential limitation for the use of ratings is that it is assumed that long-term observers or experts in the field are required to score individuals. This can be problematic in many cases, especially for long-term ecological studies where there is high turnover in personnel. We tested whether raters who were unacquainted with subjects could produce reliable and valid personality assessments of yellow-bellied marmotsMarmota flaviventris. Two raters, previously unacquainted with individuals and marmot behavior, scored 130 subjects on fifteen different adjectives in both open-field (OF) and mirror image stimulation (MIS) trials. Eight OF and nine MIS adjectives were reliable as indicated by both a high degree of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Additionally, some ratings were externally valid, correlating with behavioral codings. Our data suggest that activity/exploration and sociability can be a reliable and valid measurement of personality traits in studies where raters were unacquainted with subjects. These traits are observable with the personality tests we used; otherwise researchers using unacquainted raters should be cautious in the tests they employ.

关键词：主观评价性格特征观察者评估长期生态研究个性特征个体差异临床试验

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Contributors’enrollment in collaborative online communities:the case of OpenStreetMap

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第3期20卷 282-295页

作者： daniel bégin Rodolphe Devillers Stéphane Roche Department of Geography Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sCanada Centre de Recherche en Géomatique UniversitéLavalQuébecCanada

The number of people registering in an online community depends on two main factors:interest in,and awareness of,the *** to a project does not,however,imply contributing to it,as lacking the knowledge and skills can be a barrier to *** order to identify the nature of events that might have facilitated or hindered enrollments in the OpenStreetMap(OSM)project over time,we analyzed the correlations between the number of new participants and the events that dotted its *** different metrics were defined to characterize participants’behaviors:the daily number of registrations,the daily number of participants that made a first contribution,the delays between contributors’registration and their first edits,and a daily contribution ratio built from the number of new contributors and the number of new registered *** series analyses were used to identify trends,and outstanding variations of the number of *** inventory of events that took place along the OSM project’s history was created and appreciable variations of the metrics have been linked to events that seemed to be *** a correlation does not imply causality,many of the explanations these correlations suggest are supported by the results of other studies,either directly or *** instance,when considering the time participants spend as“lurker”,as well as on the nature of the contribution of early *** other cases,they suggest new explanations for the origin of the spam accounts that affect registration statistics,or the decline in the proportion of registered members who actually become contributors.

关键词： OpenStreetMap(OSM) contributors lurkers participation knowledge motivation

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Pinch Point Calculations and Its Implications on Robust Distillation Design

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011年第6期19卷 911-925页

作者： daniel A. beneke Seon b. Kim Andreas A. Linninger Laboratory for Product and Process Design Department of Chemical and Bio Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA Centre of Materials and Process Synthesis （COMPS） School of Process and Materials Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

升起的精力费用和成长环境了解激发蒸馏单位的设计的批评修订。系统的设计技术例如校正身体，列侧面地图，和温度搭配方法，在一个特别系统要求所有捏点的准确知识，因为这些静止的点描出在分离列可实现的可能的作文轨道。这份报纸为严... 详细信息

升起的精力费用和成长环境了解激发蒸馏单位的设计的批评修订。系统的设计技术例如校正身体，列侧面地图，和温度搭配方法，在一个特别系统要求所有捏点的准确知识，因为这些静止的点描出在分离列可实现的可能的作文轨道。这份报纸为严厉地决定所有捏为经常的亲戚指表明新奇方法轻快，理想、非理想的系统。经常的相对轻快和理想的解决方案系统被转变成一个维的多项式和非线性的函数，不管部件的数字。一个放气方法被建议处于理想、非理想的 zeotropic 问题定位所有零。为更挑战性的非理想的问题，一个新奇混合顺序的壁龛算法被用来成功地解决难 azeotropic 问题。最后，这些捏点地点的设计含意被调查显示出新分离配置怎么能被设计。有系统纸为柔韧的蒸馏与连续作文侧面一起指出严密的捏点计算的使用设计。

关键词：装置设计计算系统设计技术非理想系统精馏鲁棒非线性函数环境意识

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Selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： Julia Zurdo Paula Gomez-Lopez Adrian barrero daniel bustillo-de la Rosa Julia Gomez-Catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel b.Morales Juan Traba Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain Ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of *** rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their *** the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending *** differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely *** using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central *** also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary *** expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for *** also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than *** main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and *** of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding *** of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as *** study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding *** the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measure

关键词： 18S Faecal material Nestling diet Prey choice Resource partitioning

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Immediate and Long-Term Results of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus—Comparison of Two Decades before and after Change in Antibiotic Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis Guidelines

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第2期17卷 215-230页

作者： Annina Dietrich daniel Quandt Oliver Kretschmar Walter Knirsch Pediatric Cardiology Pediatric Heart CenterDepartment of Surgery and Children’s Research CenterUniversity Children’s Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland

Objectives:To determine immediate and long-term follow-up of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)in ***:National antibiotic prophylaxis(AP)guideline for infective endocarditis changed after 2009,the effect on practice of PDA closure is ***:Observational single center study analyzing follow-up of PDA closure comparing two time periods before(2002–2009)and after(2010–2019)changes in AP ***:332 patients(68.1%female),median(interquartile range)age 3.0 years(1.5–5.7)and body weight 14.0 kg(10.0–19.3),were *** morphology was conical type A(50.3%),window type b(1.2%),tubular type C(40.1%),complex type D(2.1%),elongated type E(0.9%)and other(5.4%).Minimal PDA diameter and length were 1.9 mm(1.3–2.5)and 8.0 mm(6.2–10.2).PDA was closed using coils(56.3%),Amplatzer Duct Occluders(41.9%)and others(1.8%).Complete closure rate was 61.1%at catheter intervention,72.3%on day 1,87.7%after 6 months and 98.4%at last follow-up on *** complication rate(severity level 3)was 4.2%and major complication rate(severity level 4)0.3%,with no catastrophic complications(severity level 5).Annual PDA closure rate declined in the second time period(22.6/year vs.15.5/year,p=0.018),PDA size increased(1.6 mm vs.2.0 mm,p=0.002)and proportion of coils decreased(72.4%vs.37.1%,p98%)and only a small number of complications leading to reintervention or *** in AP guidelines changed indication for and practice of PDA closure.

关键词： Patent arterial duct device closure congenital heart disease infective endocarditis

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