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HMvisor: dynamic hybrid memory management for virtual machines

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第9期64卷 74-89页

作者： dang YANG haikun LIU hai JIN Yu ZHANG National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Emerging non-volatile memory(NVM) technologies promise high density, low cost and dynamic random access memory(DRAM)-like performance, at the expense of limited write endurance and high write energy consumption. It is more practical to use NVM combining with the traditional DRAM. However, the hybrid memory management such as page migration becomes more challenging in a virtualization environment because virtual machines(VMs) are unaware of the memory heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose HMvisor, a hypervisor and VM coordinated hybrid memory management mechanism to better utilize DRAM and NVM resources. HMvisor exposes the memory heterogeneity to VMs by mapping virtual NUMA nodes to different physical NUMA nodes. We propose a lightweight and efficient page migration mechanism by decoupling page hotness tracking from page migration. HMvisor performs those operations in the hypervisor and VMs separately, without disrupting the execution of VMs. We also propose a memory resource trading policy to adjust the capacity of DRAM and NVM for each VM, with the monetary cost unchanged. We implement our prototype system based on QEMU/KVM and evaluate it with several benchmarks. Experimental results show that HMvisor can reduce 50% of write traffic to NVM with less than 5% performance overhead. Moreover, the hybrid memory adjustment scheme in HMvisor can significantly improve application performance by up to 30×.

关键词： hypervisor virtual machine non-volatile memory hybrid memory management

Prognosis of HER2 over-expressing gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第19期18卷 2402-2407页

作者： hai-Zhen dang Yang Yu Shun-Chang Jiao Department of Medical Oncology GeneralHospital of the People＇s Liberation Army Beijing 100853 Chi}aa Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine FirstHospital Affiliated to the General Hospital of the People＇s Libera-tion Army Beijing 100048 China Yang Yu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine FirstHospital Affiliated to the General Hospital of the People＇s Libera-tion Army Beijing 100048 China Department of Medical Oncology GeneralHospital of the People＇s Liberation Army Beijing 100853 China

AIM:To study the risk factors for liver metastasis and the prognosis in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) over-expressing gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:A total of 84 GC patients recruited from the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army(PLA) between 2003 and 2010 were randomly enrolled in this ***2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 84 GC patients with liver *** study group consisted of 66 men and 18 women,with an average age of 54 years(range:19-74 years).Liver metastasis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed *** were followed-up and predictive factors of liver metastasis were ***:The median follow-up period was 47 mo(range:6-85 mo).The characteristics of 35(25.7%) patients with HER2 over-expression of liver metastatic GC are ***2 over-expression was detected in 23 out of 49(46.9%) patients with intestinal GC,and 9 out of 35(25.7%) patients with diffuse GC.29 out of 59(49.2%) patients aged < 60 years were HER2positive,while 8 out of 25(32%) patients aged ≥ 60 were HER2-positive;a significant difference(P < 0.05).Univariate analysis(log-rank test) showed that HER2 over-expression,sex,Lauren classification,differentiation and disease-free interval were correlated with poor survival(P < 0.05).Survival analysis with a survival curve showed that HER2 over-expression was significantly relevant,with a reduced survival time in GC patients with liver metastases(P < 0.01).2-year survival was not associated with the patient's age.A diseasefree survival longer than 12 mo has a significant association with extended overall survival(OS) in GC patients with liver *** median survival time after the diagnosis of liver metastases was 18 mo [95% confidence interval(CI):9.07-26.94] among HER2 positive GC patients with liver *** comparison,for 49(69.4%) out of 84 HER2 negative patients with liver metastatic GC,the median survival time was 47 m

关键词： Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 Overexpression Gastric cancer Liver metastasis Over-all survival Prognosis

Fault Information Recognition for On-board Equipment of High-speed Railway Based on Multi-neural Network Collaboration

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2021年第6期18卷 935-946页

作者： Lu-Jie Zhou Jian-Wu dang Zhen-hai Zhang School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Graphic&Image Processing Lanzhou 730070China

It is of great significance to guarantee the efficient statistics of high-speed railway on-board equipment fault information,which also improves the efficiency of fault analysis. Considering this background, this paper presents an empirical exploration of named entity recognition(NER) of on-board equipment fault information. Based on the historical fault records of on-board equipment, a fault information recognition model based on multi-neural network collaboration is proposed. First, considering Chinese recorded data characteristics, a method of constructing semantic features and additional features based on character granularity is proposed. Then, the two feature representations are concatenated and passed into the gated convolutional layer to extract the dependencies from multiple different subspaces and adjacent characters in parallel. Next, the local features are transmitted to the bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM) to learn long-term dependency information. On top of BiLSTM, the sequential conditional random field(CRF) is used to jointly decode the optimized tag sequence of the whole sentence. The model is tested and compared with other representative baseline models. The results show that the proposed model not only considers the language characteristics of on-board fault records, but also has obvious advantages on the performance of fault information recognition.

关键词： Train control system Chinese named entity recognition(NER) character feature gating mechanism bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)

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Fault Classification for On-board Equipment of High-speed Railway Based on Attention Capsule Network

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2021年第5期18卷 814-825页

The conventional troubleshooting methods for high-speed railway on-board equipment, with over-reliance on personnel experience, is characterized by one-sidedness and low efficiency. In the process of high-speed train operation, numerous text-based onboard logs are recorded by on-board computers. Machine learning methods can help technicians make a correct judgment of fault types using the on-board log reasonably. Therefore, a fault classification model of on-board equipment based on attention capsule networks is proposed. This paper presents an empirical exploration of the application of a capsule network with dynamic routing in fault classification. A capsule network can encode the internal spatial part-whole relationship between various entities to identify the fault types. As the importance of each word in the on-board log and the dependencies between them have a significant impact on fault classification, an attention mechanism is incorporated into the capsule network to distill important information. Considering the imbalanced distribution of normal data and fault data in the on-board log, the focal loss function is introduced into the model to adjust the imbalanced data. The experiments are conducted on the on-board log of a railway bureau and compared with other baseline models. The experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms the compared baseline methods, proving the superiority and competitiveness of our model.

关键词： On-board equipment fault classification capsule network attention mechanism focal loss

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OPTIMAL STARTING PRICE FOR EBAY-LIKE ONLINE AUCTIONS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2006年第1期19卷 9-21页

作者： hai YU Shouyang WANG Chuangyin dang Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080 China Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong Kong HongKong China

Reserve price auctions are one of hot research issues in traditional auction theory. Here we study the starting price in an online auction, the counterpart of the public reserve price in a traditional auction. By considering three features of eBay-like online auctions： stochastic entry of bidders （subject to Poisson process）, insertion fee proportional to the starting price, and time discount, we have analyzed the properties of extremum points of the starting price for maximizing the seller＇s expected revenue, and found that, under certain conditions, the optimal starting price should be at the lowest Mlowable level, which is contrary to the results from the classic auction theory and finds its optimality in reality. We have also developed a general extended model of multistage auctions and carried out analysis on its properties. At last, some directions for further research are also put forward.

关键词： Online auctions reserve price starting price stochastic entry.

Effectiveness on post-stroke hemiplegia in patients:electroacupuncture plus cycling vs electroacupuncture alone

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023年第2期43卷 352-358页

作者： Minh Duc Nguyen Thanh Van Tran Quoc Vinh Nguyen ninh Khac Nguyen Son Truong Vu Luu Trong Nguyen Linh Vu Phuong dang Senior Specialist Clinic National Hospital of AcupunctureHanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Senior Specialist National Hospital of Acupuncture Hanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Senior Specialist Military Institute of Traditional MedicineHanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Training and Science National Hospital of AcupunctureHanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Senior Specialist National Hospital of AcupunctureHanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Rehabilitation 108 Military Central HospitalHanoi 1000Vietnam Department of Medicine Dai Nam UniversityHanoi 1000Vietnam

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of cycling in combination with electroacupuncture in treatment of poststroke hemiplegia patients at National Hospital of Acupuncture,***:The study was designed as a single-centre,outcome-assessor-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial with 120 post-stroke hemiplegia patients randomly assigned into two groups:electroacupuncture plus cycling(CT group) and electroacupuncture(AT group).Patients were assessed before and after the treatment(using muscle grading,modified Rankin,Barthel,Orgorozo scores and electromyography).Statistical Man–Whitney U test,and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare between CT and AT ***:The results reported statistically significant improvement in motor function in patients suffering from hemiplegia following ischemic stroke in both CT and AT *** in CT group experienced a greater improvement compared to those in AT group including better muscle contraction(increased frequency and amplitude of electromyography and increased muscle grading scale);increased recovery(Orgogozo scale),increased independency(Barthel scale) and decreased disability(Modified Rankin scale)(P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Combination with cycling training significantly improves the recovery of post-stroke patients treated with electroacupuncture.

关键词： electroacupuncture cycle training post-stroke hemiplegia

Crystallization,Mechanical,Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced by Magnesium Oxysulfate Whisker

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第5期35卷 659-671页

作者： Li dang Xue-ying Nai Xin Liu Dong-hai Zhu Ya-ping Dong 李武 Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Polypropylene （PP） composites containing magnesium oxysulfate whisker （MOSw） or lauric acid （LA） modified MOSw （LAMOSw） were prepared via melt mixing in a torque rheometer. The heterogeneous nucleating effect of LAMOSw was clearly observed in polarized light microscopy （PLM） pictures with the presence of an abundance of small spherulites. MOSw exhibited no nucleation effect and formed a few spherulites with large size. Compared with PP/MOSw composites, PP/LAMOSw exhibited better impact strength, tensile strength and nominal strain at break, ascribing to three possible reasons：（i） more β-crystal PP formed, （ii） better dispersity of LAMOSw in PP matrix and （iii） the plasticizing effect of LA. The results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis （DMTA） indicated that brittleness of the PP matrix at low temperature was improved by the addition of LAMOSw, while the interracial interactions between MOSw and PP matrix were actually weakened by LA, as evidenced by the higher tan8 values over the entire range of test temperatures. In terms of the rheological properties of the composites, both the η＊ and G＇ at low frequencies increase with the addition of MOSw or LAMOSw, indicating that the PP matrix was transformed from liquid-like to solid-like. However, a network of whiskers did not form because no plateau was found in the G＇ at low frequencies. With low filler content, LAMOSw produced a stronger solid-like behavior than MOSw mainly due to the better dispersion of the LAMOSw in PP matrix. However, for highly-filled composites, the η＊ of PP/LAMOSw at low frequencies was smaller than that of PP/MOSw composite, since the particle- particle contact effect played a major role.

关键词： PP/MOSw composites Crystallization Thermal properties Mechanical properties Rheological properties

Optimization of ambipolar current and analog/RF performance for T-shaped tunnel field-effect transistor with gate dielectric spacer

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第1期28卷 656-662页

作者： Ru Han hai-Chao Zhang dang-Hui Wang Cui Li School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University

A new T-shaped tunnel field-effect transistor(TTFET) with gate dielectric spacer(GDS) structure is proposed in this paper. To further studied the effects of GDS structure on the TTFET, detailed device characteristics such as current-voltage relationships, energy band diagrams, band-to-band tunneling(BTBT) rate and the magnitude of the electric field are investigated by using TCAD simulation. It is found that compared with conventional TTFET and TTFET with gate-drain overlap(GDO) structure, GDS-TTFET not only has the minimum ambipolar current but also can suppress the ambipolar current under a more extensive bias range. Furthermore, the analog/RF performances of GDS-TTFET are also investigated in terms of transconductance, gate-source capacitance, gate-drain capacitance, cutoff frequency, and gain bandwidth production. By inserting a low-κ spacer layer between the gate electrode and the gate dielectric, the GDS structure can effectively reduce parasitic capacitances between the gate and the source/drain, which leads to better performance in term of cutoff frequency and gain bandwidth production. Finally, the thickness of the gate dielectric spacer is optimized for better ambipolar current suppression and improved analog/RF performance.

关键词： tunneling field effect transistor T-shaped tunnel field-effect transistor gate dielectric spacer ambipolar current analog/RF performance

Effects of Different Compatibilizing Agents on the Interfacial Adhesion Properties of Polypropylene/Magnesium Oxysulfate Whisker Composites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第9期35卷 1143-1155页

作者： Li dang Xue-ying Nai Xin Liu Dong-hai Zhu Ya-ping Dong 李武 Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive andHighly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The effects of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene （PP-g-MAH） and maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin elastomer （POE-g-MAH） on interracial adhesion properties of the polypropylene/magnesium oxysulfate whiskers （PP/MOSw） composites were investigated via mechanical, thermal, ATR-FTIR and rheological tests. Although significant increases in yield strength and Young＇s modulus were observed in PP-g-MAH treated composites, a sharp decline in these properties was observed in POE-g-MAH treated composites. ATR-FTIR results indicated that esterification occurred between the hydroxyl groups of MOSw and the carbonyls of anhydrides of both compatibilizers but POE-g-MAH was still incompatible with the PP matrix, as verified by the presence of shoulder peaks in DTG curves and numerous voids in SEM micrographs. On the other hand, PP-g-MAH was highly compatible with the PP matrix, as evidenced by the peaks in DTG curves and vague interfaces with wrapped melts on the surface of MOSw. Rheological behaviors also confirmed that introducing PP-g-MAH resulted in a transition from liquid-like to solid-like, which was attributed to the stronger interfacial adhesion between MOSw and the PP matrix. POE-g-MAH treated composites, in contrast to PP-g-MAH, maintained liquid- like rheological behaviors as typical molten polymers. There is likely a MOSw network formed in the PP/15PP-g- MAH/15MOSw composite as suggested by the significant deviation of G＇ versus G＂ plots and the two crossover frequencies observed in plots of tan6versus frequency.

关键词： Compatibility Interfacial adhesion Mechanical properties Rheological behaviors