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笛卡尔定理背后的公主

环球科学 2024年第9期 70-77页

作者：达纳·麦肯齐戚译引(译) 不详

如果没有学生伊丽莎白公主的帮助,勒内·笛卡尔很可能不会发现关于4个圆的笛卡尔定理。这篇来自《科学美国人》法国版的文章生动讲述了这个定理的发现过程,揭开了伊丽莎白公主被历史隐去的光辉。

关键词：《科学美国人》笛卡尔伊丽莎白定理公主

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生成式人工智能的惊人进展引发惊讶和担忧

Engineering 2023年第6期25卷 9-11页

作者： dana mackenzie Senior Technology Writer

In 1950, computer pioneer Alan Turing proposed a test for artificial intelligence(AI) that came to be named after him: A machine with AI should be able to chat with a human and convince them it was human [1]. While it has become increasingly evident that the Turing test is not an adequate definition of AI, it has long been seen as an important milestone.

关键词：人工智能 computer artificial

Time Gets More Precise with Transportable Optical Lattice Clocks

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Engineering 2020年第11期6卷 1210-1211页

作者： dana mackenzie 不详

Of all the units of physical science,one second is perhaps the most *** a meter,we cannot see *** a kilogram,we cannot hold it in our *** a volt,we have no nerves to sense *** a second is the most precisely quantified unit we have[1].This year,metrologists—scientists who study m easurem entannounced the first transportable clock that can measure time to 18 decimal *** put this in perspective,a clock running with this precision since the Big Bang would have lost or gained less than half a second.

关键词： gained Lattice clock

Ultraviolet Light Fights New Virus

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Engineering 2020年第8期6卷 851-853页

作者： dana mackenzie Senior Technology Writer

In the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,an old weapon has re-emerged[1].More than a century after Niels Finsen won the 1903 Nobel Prize for discovering that ultraviolet(UV)light could kill ... 详细信息

关键词： ultraviolet covering emerged

Pushing Mathematical Limits,a Neural Network Learns Fluid Flow

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Engineering 2021年第5期7卷 550-551页

作者： dana mackenzie 机构不详

Drop a pebble into a flowing stream of *** may not change the pattern of flow very *** if you drop a pebble into a different place,it may change a *** can predict?Answer:A neural network can.A group of computer scientists and mathematicians at the California Institute of Technology(Caltech)in Pasadena,CA,USA,has opened up a new arena for artificial intelligence(AI),by showing that a neural network can teach itself how to solve a broad class of fluid flow problems,much more rapidly and more accurately than any previous computer program[1].

关键词： Mathematical flow showing

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Reuse of N95 Masks

Engineering 2020年第6期6卷 593-596页

作者： dana mackenzie Senior Technology Writer.

As the C0V1D-19 pandemic enters its second month(April 2020)in the United States,one of the simplest pieces of medical equipment is in desperately short supply:medical-grade protective facemasks,typically engineered and specified for a single use ***,to meet the critical and quickly intensifying need,Chinese and American engineers are devising new procedures for decontaminating and reusing masks that hospitals already have on hand(Fig.1)[1].Although some of these procedures require specialized equipment,others are simple enough to use at home(Fig.2)[2,3].

关键词： specialized typically protective

The Global State of Science and Engineering Research

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Engineering 2020年第6期6卷 597-599页

作者： dana mackenzie Senior Technology Writer

In January 2020,the US National Science Board released its biennial report on the state of science and engineering(S&E)research in the United States and the world(1).The overall health of science has never been better:According to the report,the worldwide amount of funding for research and development(R&D)has tripled since 2000.“The whole world is realizing the importance of developing new knowledge to grow economic prosperity,”said Diane Souvaine,chair of the National Science Board and professor of computer science and mathematics at Tufts University in Medford,MA,USA.

关键词： computer knowledge funding

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谁保护了墨西哥湾

环球科学 2013年第8期 68-71页

作者：达纳·友肯齐(dana mackenzie) 王东晓(翻译) 李国敬(翻译) 虞左俊(审校)

海洋中的洋流形成了一堵看不见的“水墙”，在漏油事故中保护了墨西哥湾的海岸。人们曾经认为，这些洋流是不可预测的，但科学家正在寻找一种揭开其神秘面纱的方法。

关键词：墨西哥湾保护科学家洋流海洋海岸

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew M.Intlekofer Richard M.Higashi Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKM2