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Selection in monoculture vs. mixture alters plant metabolic fingerprints

Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 549-557页

作者： Debra Zuppinger-Dingley dan f.b.flynn Helmut brandl bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 1300 Centre StreetBostonMA 02131USA

Aims In grassland biodiversity experiments,positive biodiversity effects on primary productivity increase over *** research has shown that differential selection in monoculture and mixed-species communities leads to the rapid emergence of monoculture and mix-ture types,adapted to their own biotic *** used eight plant species selected for 8 years in such a biodiversity experiment to test if monoculture and mixture types differed in metabolic pro-files using infrared *** fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(fTIr)was used to assess metabolic fingerprints of leaf samples of 10 individuals of each species from either monocultures or *** fTIr spectra were analyzed using multivariate procedures to assess(i)whether indi-viduals within species could be correctly assigned to monoculture or mixture history based on the spectra alone and(ii)which parts of the spectra drive the group assignment,*** metabolic groups were subject to differential selection in monocultures *** findings Plant individuals within each of the eight species could be classified as either from monoculture or mixture selection history based on their fTIr *** metabolic groups were differentially selected in the different species;some of them may be related to defense of patho-gens accumulating more strongly in monocultures than in *** rapid selection of the monoculture and mixture types within the eight study species could have been due to a sorting-out process based on large initial genetic or epigenetic variation within the species.

关键词： biodiversity plant evolution selection fTIr spectroscopy metabolic fingerprint

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Divergent patterns of foliar δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N in Quercus aquifolioides with an altitudinal transect on the Tibetan Plateau: an integrated study based on multiple key leaf functional traits

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 303-312页

作者： Litong Chen dan f.b.flynn Xiaowei Zhang Xianliang Gao Ling Lin Jian Luo Changming Zhao State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000GansuChina Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008QinghaiChina College of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Tibetan UniversityNyingchi 860000TibetChina

Aims With a close association with plant water availability,foliar δ^(13)C had been investigated extensively in alpine regions;however,foliar δ^(15)N has rarely been concurrently used as an indicator of plant nitrogen *** to the positive correlations between leaf nitrogen con-tent and foliar δ^(13)C andδ15N found in previous studies,we expected that they should show consistent patterns along an altitudinal *** To test our hypothesis,we measured foliar δ^(13)C andδ15N in conjunc-tion with multiple key leaf functional traits of Quercus aquifolioides,a dominant species of alpine forest on the eastern slopes of the sygera mountains,southeastern Tibetan Plateau from 2500 to 3800 *** findings(i)Contrary to our hypothesis,foliar δ^(13)C exhibited a significant pos-itive linear relationship with altitude;in contrast,foliarδ15N initially increased and subsequently decreased with altitude,the change in trend occurring around 3300 m.(ii)our analyses indicated that leaf internal resistance and stomatal conductance,rather than photosynthetic capacity indicated by leaf N concentration,appar-ently explained the altitudinal variation in foliar δ^(13)C,while differ-ences in foliar δ^(15)N were likely the result of soil N availability.(iii)Principal component analysis revealed a clear association between δ^(13)C and a tradeoff between water loss and carbon gain,indicated by traits related to gas exchange such as leaf thickness,density,sto-matal *** contrast,the second axis was associated withδ15N and nitrogen acquisition strategy in *** across its altitudinal distribution,represented by traits related to nitrogen concentration and stomata per gram of leaf nitrogen.

关键词： elevation carbon and nitrogen isotopes leaf internal resistance leaf mass per unit area(LMA) stomatal conductance trade-off

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Hierarchical reliability in experimental plant assemblages

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第1期1卷 59-65页

作者： dan f.b.flynn bernhard Schmid Jin-Sheng He Kelly S.Wolfe-bellin f.A.bazzaz Department of Ecology Evolutionand Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of Ecology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Organismic and Evolutionary biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of biology College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA 01610USA

Aims The mechanism by which species richness affects variation in ecosystem functioning both within and among ecosystems remains a key question at the interface of community and ecosystem *** averaging(the smoothing of average system performance via consideration of additional components)and the insurance effect(reduced variation in system performance by inclusion of asynchronously varying components)predict that more diverse communities should vary less both between replicates and *** experimentally tested these theories in small plant *** We constructed plant assemblages modeled after old-field plant *** varied species richness,species composition and initial densities while holding functional group richness constant in replicate assemblages under glasshouse *** findings The inverse of the coefficient of variation of aboveground biomass production,a proxy measure of reliability,increased with higher diversity when examined at the level of the assemblage(***-replicate assemblages)but not at the levels of functional group or *** stabilizing processes were weakest in low-diversity,low-density *** experiment demonstrates the utility of hierarchical analysis of ecosystem reliability at the assemblage,functional group and species level.

关键词： ecosystem reliability species richness community density functional group ecosystem functioning

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植物气孔对大气CO_2浓度和温度升高的反应——基于在CO_2浓度和温度梯度中生长的10种植物的观测

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生态学报 2005年第3期25卷 565-574页

作者：左闻韵贺金生韩梅吉成均 dan f.b.flynn 方精云北京大学环境学院生态学系

许多研究表明 ,大气 CO2 浓度 ([CO2 ])的升高会导致植物气孔密度 (Stom atal Density,SD)和气孔指数 (Stom atal Index,SI)降低。这一关系成为推测地质历史时期大气 [CO2 ]变化的重要古生物指标之一。但是 ,[CO2 ]不是唯一影响 SD和 S... 详细信息

许多研究表明 ,大气 CO2 浓度 ([CO2 ])的升高会导致植物气孔密度 (Stom atal Density,SD)和气孔指数 (Stom atal Index,SI)降低。这一关系成为推测地质历史时期大气 [CO2 ]变化的重要古生物指标之一。但是 ,[CO2 ]不是唯一影响 SD和 SI的环境因素。研究利用温度梯度和温度 +[CO2 ]梯度技术 ,以 7种美国中西部地区弃耕地常见草本植物和 3种美国东部落叶阔叶林优势木本植物为材料 ,其中草本包含豆科、非豆科 C3和 C4 功能型 ,就它们的 SD,SI,表皮细胞密度 (Epidermal Cell Density,ECD)和气孔孔径长度 (Stomatal Aperture L ength,APL)对 [CO2 ]和温度升高的反应进行了研究。结果表明 ,沿 [CO2 ]梯度 ,所研究物种的 SD比 SI反应敏感 ,SD显示出与 [CO2 ]正相关、负相关和无显著相关性 ,SI显示出与 [CO2 ]正相关和无显著相关性 ;沿温度梯度 ,所研究物种的 SI比 SD反应敏感 ,SI显示出与温度正相关、负相关和无显著相关性 ,SD显示出与温度正相关和无显著相关性。 ECD和 APL对 [CO2 ]和温度梯度也有不同的响应。这说明 ,除 [CO2 ]外 ,温度也对 SD,SI,ECD和 APL有显著的影响。所以在用气孔特征重建地质历史时期 [CO2 ]的变化趋势时 ,除准确建立气孔参数与 [CO2 ]关系外。

关键词：植物气孔密度植物气孔指数植物气孔孔径长度大气二氧化碳浓度梯度大气温度梯度

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Removing subordinate species in a biodiversity experiment to mimic observational field studies

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 53-62页

作者： bernhard Schmid Martin Schmitz Michael Rzanny Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Peter N.Mwangi Wolfgang W.Weisser Andrew Hector Roland Schmid dan f.b.flynn Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Planning and Energy Municipality of ThalwilThalwilSwitzerland Department biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany Geobotany Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Department of botany Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Department of Life Science Systems School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK Mirai Solutions GmbH ZurichSwitzerland Energy Analysis&Sustainability John A.Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

background:Positive effects of plant species richness on community biomass in biodiversity experiments are often stronger than those from observational field *** may be because experiments are initiated with randomly assembled species compositions whereas field communities have experienced ***:We compared aboveground biomass production of randomly assembled communities of 2–16 species(controls)with experimentally filtered communities from which subordinate species were removed,resulting in removal communities of 1–8 ***:Removal communities had(1)12.6%higher biomass than control communities from which they were derived,that is,with double species richness and(2)32.0%higher biomass than control communities of equal *** differences were maintained along the richness *** increased productivity of removal communities was paralleled by increased species evenness and ***:Result(1)indicates that subordinate species can reduce community biomass production,suggesting a possible explanation for why the most diverse field communities sometimes do not have the highest ***(2)suggests that if a community of S species has been derived by filtering from a pool of 2S randomly chosen species it is more productive than a community derived from a pool of S randomly chosen species without filtering.

关键词： environmental filtering Jena Experiment plant community species pool species richness

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Community density,evenness,and soil nutrient conditions may modify diversity-productivity relationships

Community density,evenness,and soil nutrient conditions may ...

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“全国第五届青年植物生态学学术研讨会”暨“第二届植物生理生态学学术研讨会”

作者： bernhard Schmid Kelly Wolfe-bellin dan f.b.flynn f.A.bazzaz Institut fur Umweltwissenschaften Universitat Zurich-Irchel Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Department of Organismic and Evolutionary biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Ecology College of Environmental Sciencesand Center for Ecological Research & EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RdBeijing 100871China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

Controversy over the nature of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity has now spanned nearly a decade. Results from many manipulated ecosystems have convinced some researchers that rising species numbers enhance rates of ecosystem processes, particularly productivity as measured by biomass accumulation. However, field observations have typically found five types of DP relationships, dominated by the unimodal relationship. We propose that community density, evenness, and soil nutrient conditions, which are highly variable in natural communities yet are comparatively uniform in controlled experiments, likely contribute partially to the different patterns of DP relationships in controlled experiments and field observations. We argue that community density, evenness, and soil nutrient availability are confounding factors in diversity-productivity relationships. We also suggest that soil nutrient availability may act as a potential feedback mechanism on the diversity-productivity relationship.

关键词： biodiversity productivity species richness community density evenness nutrient availability ecosystem functioning

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Superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant siloxane-modified MgAl-LDHs coatings on magnesium alloy prepared under mild conditions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 450-463页

作者： Wenxi Zhang Zhangzelong Zhuo dan Xu Liang Wu Zhihui Xie Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China College of Materials Science and Engineering/National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

We have developed a superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-W/PfDTMS composite coating on the surface of Mg *** composite comprised a tungstate-intercalated(LDH-W)underlayer that was grown at low temperature(relative to hydrothermal reaction conditions)under atmospheric pressure and an outer polysiloxane layer created from a solution containing perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane(PfDTMS)using a simple immersion *** successful intercalation of tungstate into the LDH phase and the following formation of the polysiloxane layer were confirmed through X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared(fTIR)spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion resistance of the LDH-W film,both before and after the PfDTMS modification,was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),Tafel curves,and immersion *** results showed that Mg coated with LDH-W/PfDTMS exhibited significantly enhanced corrosion protection compared to the unmodified LDHW film,with no apparent signs of corrosion after exposure to 3.5wt%NaCl solution for 15 ***,the LDH-W/PfDTMS coating demonstrated superior superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties against water and several common beverages,as confirmed by static contact angle and water-repellency *** results offer valuable insights into preparing superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-based composite coatings on Mg alloy surfaces under relatively mild reaction conditions.

关键词： Mg alloy corrosion coating layered double hydroxide

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Harnessing therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells for remyelination in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1715-1716页

作者： dan Ma Nona Pop Aston Medical School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK

Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, and its damage(demyelination) occurs in many central nervous system(CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis(MS), traumatic injury, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and mental disorders such as schizophrenia(barateiro et al., 2016). Repair of damaged myelin sheaths(remyelination) often fails in MS, leading to neuronal loss and irreversible functional deficits.

关键词： myelin protective diseases

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Increase in the variability of terrestrial carbon uptake in response to enhanced future ENSO modulation

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 32-38页

作者： Younong Li Li dan Jing Peng Qidong Yang fuqiang Yang Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the boundary Layer over the Low-Latitude Plateau Region Department of Atmospheric ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air *** the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further *** investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 *** results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the *** higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in *** flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through *** occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.

关键词： Carbon variability ENSO modulation CMIP6 models

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The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 402-415页

作者： Xiaorong Zhang Zhiying Chen Yinyi Xiong Qin Zhou Ling-Qiang Zhu dan Liu Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxi ProvinceChina Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center JiujiangJiangxi ProvinceChina Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies Jiujiang UniversityJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic ***,few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia *** in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders,synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive *** oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous ***,nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular *** review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular ***,we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum stress endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene therapy nitric oxide NO-sGC-cGMP pathway synaptic dysfunction vascular dementia

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