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Phenolic compounds and contaminants in olive oil and pomace-A narrative review of their biological and toxic effects

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Food Bioscience 2023年第3期53卷 117-131页

作者： Luana Schmidt Osmar damian Prestes Paula Rossini Augusti José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira Institute of Basic Health Sciences Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences:BiochemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Ramiro Barcelos Street2600-AnnexPorto AlegreCEP 90035-003RSBrazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria(UFSM)Av.Roraima1507CamobiSanta MariaCEP 97105-900RSBrazil Institute of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Av.Bento Gonçalves9500Campus do ValePorto AlegreCEP 91501-970RSBrazil

Olive oil is considered one of the main ingredients of the Mediterranean diet,with daily consumption of 25-50 mL per *** production of olive oil produces a solid residue,olive *** olive oil and pomace are products rich in phenolic compounds,and these bioactive compounds are most likely involved in their *** most representative phenolic compounds in olive oil and olive pomace are oleuropein,tyrosol,and hydroxytyrosol,which may contribute to the prevention and control of several diseases,from cardiovascular diseases to cancer and neurodegenerative *** the other hand,olives and their derivatives are constantly exposed to contaminants such as mycotoxins,pesticide residues,and polycyclic aromatic *** compounds from olive oil and olive pomace could reduce the toxicity of contaminants in these *** the other hand,the pollutants in olive oil and olive pomace may also affect the beneficial properties attributed to these *** review summarized current knowledge on the content of phenolic compounds in olive pomace and oil and their biological *** addition,it also discussed the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds on toxic compounds in olive *** addition,it highlighted the importance of conducting further studies to understand the interactions between bioactive and toxic compounds in olive oil and olive pomace to determine these products’actual health benefits.

关键词： Hydroxytyrosol Oleuropein Pesticides Mycotoxins Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Possible role of human cytomegalovirus in pouchitis after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第7期13卷 1085-1089页

作者： damian Casadesus Tatsuo Tani Toshifumi Wakai Satoshi Maruyama Tsuneo iiai Haruhiko Okamoto Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama Division of Digestive and General Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan

AIM: To detect the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins and genes on the ileal pouch of patients with ulcerative colitis who have undergone proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (iPAA). METHODS: immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR sequencing methods were utilized to test the presence of HCMV in pouch specimens taken from 34 patients in 86 endoscopies. RESULTS: HCMV genes and proteins were detected in samples from 12 (35.2%) patients. The rate of detection was significant in the endoscopies from patients diagnosed with pouchitis (5 of 12, 41.6%), according to the Japanese classification of pouchitis, in comparison to patients with normal pouch (7 of 62, 11.2%; P = 0.021). in all patients with pouchitis in which the HCMV was detected, it was the first episode of pouchitis. The virus was not detected in previous biopsies taken in normal endoscopies of these patients. During the follow- up, HCMV was detected in one patient with recurrent pouchitis and in 3 patients whose pouchitis episodes improved but whose positive endoscopic findings persisted. CONCLUSION: HCMV can take part in the inflammatory process of the pouch in some patients with ulcerative colitis who have undergone proctocolectomy with iPAA.

关键词： Human cytomegalovJrus Pouchitis Inflammatory bowel disease Ileal pouch-analanastomosis

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Portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: Controversies and latest developments

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第22期21卷 6769-6784页

作者： damian J Harding M Thamara PR Perera Frederick Chen Simon Olliff Dhiraj Tripathi Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham Department of Haematology Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham

Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) is encountered in livercirrhosis, particularly in advanced disease. It has been a feared complication of cirrhosis, attributed to significant worsening of liver disease, poorer clinical outcomes and potential inoperability at liver transplantation; also catastrophic events such as acute intestinal ischaemia. Optimal management of PVT has not yet been addressed in any consensus *** review current literature on PVT in cirrhosis; its prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, impact on the natural history of cirrhosis and liver transplantation,and management. Studies were identified by a search strategy using MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The incidence of PVT increases with increasing severity of liver disease: less than 1% in well-compensated cirrhosis, 7.4%-16% in advanced cirrhosis. Prevalence in patients undergoing liver transplantation is 5%-16%.PVT frequently regresses instead of uniform thrombus progression. PVT is not associated with increased risk of mortality. Optimal management has not been addressed in any consensus publication. We propose areas for future research to address unresolved clinical questions.

关键词： Portal vein thrombosis Liver cirrhosis Anticoagulation Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemicstent-shunt

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Switching from advancing to retreating subduction in the Neoproterozoic Tarim Craton, NW China: Implications for Rodinia breakup

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 161-171页

作者： Guanghui Wu Shuai Yang Wei Liu R.damian Nance Xin Chen Zecheng Wang Yang Xiao School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate ReservoirsCNPCChengdu 610500China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China Department of Geological Sciences 316 Clippinger LaboratoriesOhio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA

Geodynamic drivers for the supercontinent cycle are generally attributed to either top-down(subduction-related)or bottom-up(mantle-related)*** geochemical data and U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic signatures for magmatic and detrital zircons from the Tarim Craton reveal a distinct change in subduction style during the *** subduction cycle is recorded in increasing and decreasing intensity of subduction-related magmatic rocks and time-equivalent sedimentary successions,and converse trends ofεHf(t)values and corresponding changes in crustal incubation *** trends are consistent with a switch from advancing to retreating *** switch likely occurred at ca.760 Ma when zirconεHf(t)values increase and crustal incubation times decrease following a transitional shift between 800 Ma and 760 Ma.A switch at this time is consistent with Rodinia breakup and may have resulted in the late Neoproterozoic Tarim rift *** long-lived(ca.500 Ma)subduction recorded in the Tarim Craton suggests the predominance of a top-down process for Rodinia breakup on this part of its margin.

关键词： Supercontinent breakup Top-down tectonics Rodinia Subduction U-Pb-Hf isotopes

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Understanding the dynamic interactions driving the sustainability of ART scale-up implementation in Uganda

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 131-142页

作者： Henry Zakumumpa Nkosiyazi Dube Respicius Shumbusho damian Elizeus Rutebemberwa School of Public Health Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda School of Health and Community Development University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Faculty of Social Sciences University of Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania

Background:Despite increasing recognition that health-systems constraints are the fundamental barrier to attaining anti-retroviral therapy(ART)scale-up targets in Sub-Saharan Africa,current discourses are dominated by a focus on financial *** the health system dynamics framework,this study aimed to explore the interactions in health system components and their influence on the sustainability of ART scale-up implementation in ***:This study entailed qualitative organizational case-studies within a two-phased mixed-methods sequential explanatory research *** Phase One,a survey of 195 health facilities across Uganda which commenced ART services between 2004 and 2009 was *** Phase Two,six health facilities were purposively selected for in-depth examination involving i)In-depth interviews(n=44)ii)and semistructured interviews(n=35).Qualitative data was analyzed by coding and thematic *** statistics were managed in STATA(v 13).Results:Five dynamic interactions in ART program sustainability drivers were identified;i)Failure to update basic ART program records contributed to chronic ART medicines stock-outs ii)Health workforce shortages and escalating patient volumes prompted adaptations in ART service delivery models iii)Broader governance issues manifested in poor road networks undermined ART medicines supply chains iv)Sustained financing for ART programs was influenced by external donors v)The values associated with the ownership-type of a health facility affected ART service delivery and ***:The sustainability of ART programs at the facility-level in Uganda is a function of a complex interaction in elements of the health system and must be understood beyond sustaining international funding for ART scale-up.

关键词： Health systems Sustainability HIV treatment Dynamic interactions Systems thinking

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Immunosuppression for in vivo research： state-of-the-at protocols and experimental approaches

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第2期14卷 146-179页

作者： Rita Diehl Fabienne Ferrara Claudia Müller Antje Y Dreyer damian D McLeod Stephan Fricke Johannes Boltze Fraunhofer-lnstitute for Cell Therapy and Immunology Leipzig 04103 Germany Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charite University Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research Berlin 10115 Germany University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnolegy and Institute for Medical and Marine Bietechnolegy University of LObeck LObeck 23562 Germany These authors contributed equally to this work

Almost every experimental treatment strategy using non-autologous cell, tissue or organ transplantation is tested in small and large animal models before clinical translation. Because these strategies require immunosuppression in most cases, immunosuppressive protocols are a key element in transplantation experiments. However, standard immunosuppressive protocols are often applied without detailed knowledge regarding their efficacy within the particular experimental setting and in the chosen model species. Optimization of such protocols is pertinent to the translation of experimental results to human patients and thus warrants further investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding immunosuppressive drug classes as well as their dosages and application regimens with consideration of species-specific drug metabolization and side effects. It also summarizes contemporary knowledge of novel immunomodulatory strategies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells or antibodies. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art compendium for researchers to refine applied experimental immunosuppression and immunomodulation strategies to enhance the predictive value of preclinical transplantation studies.

关键词： animal models immunomodulation immunosuppression transplantation translational research

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Meeting With History And Modernity

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Beijing Review 2022年第26期65卷 40-41页

作者： damian Estrada 不详

In Cuba,the mere mention of the name Pedro Martínez Arcos,51,is synonymous with the embodiment of Cubanness—on the small ***ínez,among other functions,keeps over 11 million Cubans posted on current events through h... 详细信息

关键词： History television screen

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Factors Associated with Occurrence of Peripheral Neuropathy among HIV/AIDS Clients at Kombewa Sub County Hospital of Kisumu County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Nursing 2020年第7期10卷 665-675页

作者： damian Otieno Opemo School of Nursing Kibabii University Bungoma Kenya

Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) commonly arises as HIV related nerve complication. The study made attempts to assess the underlying factors leading to peripheral neuropathy, the disabling effects of peripheral neuropathy on a patient’s life quality and measures which can be implemented to prevent or lessen the burdening effects of these neuropathies. A descriptive design was adopted where cross-sectional data targeting a sample of 100 consenting adult HIV/AIDS clients were collected utilizing structured questionnaires as key instruments of data collection. In this study variables such as age, height, the past and current CD4 lymphocytes, the viral load, the average duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART), use and the presence of certain co-infection, diabetes or alcohol abuse were analyzed to determine their effects of occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. Fifty eight percent (58%) of the clients were classified to be having neuropathic as compared 42% who did not have neuropathic pain. Duration of diagnosis with HIV and previous CD4 count did not significantly determine the occurrence of neuropathic pain. Viral load at time of diagnosis with HIV;nutritional uptake and HAART regimen significantly contribute to occurrence of PN among HIV/AIDS clients. There was no significant association between cases of peripheral neuropathy and demographic factors such as age, gender, height of the respondents and level of education. Clients with peripheral neuropathy were not receiving adequate health talks on peripheral neuropathy. Effect of PN on physical activity was observed. There is need for providing both medical and palliative treatment to HIV/AIDS patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy.

关键词： Peripheral Neuropathy HIV/AIDS Kenya

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Cane toads beneath bird rookeries： utilization of a natural disturbance by an invasive species

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 433-439页

作者： damian C. LETTOOF Jessica A. LYONS Richard SHINE Grdgoire MANIEL Martin MAYER Daniel J, D.NATUSCHa School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Resource Evaluation and Development Bamaga QLD 4876 Australia 87 Cours Aristide Briand 33000 Bordeaux France Faculty of Arts and Sciences University College of Southeast Norway Bei Telemark Norway

Many invasive species exploit anthropogenically disturbed habitats, but most of those taxa evolved long before humans. Presumably, then, an ability to use natural （non-anthropogenic） disturbances pre-adapted invaders to a world later degraded by people. Studies on invasive species in naturally disturbed habitats thus can clarify the ancestral niche of invaders. In the Australian tropics, metallic starlings Aplonis metallica nest communally in emergent rainforest trees during the wet-season, and invasive cane toads Rhinella marina join other predators （mammals, birds, reptiles, and other anurans） to exploit the food resources beneath those trees. Compared to conspecifics found along nearby roads through the forest, cane toads beneath bird-nesting trees occur at higher densities, and are smaller in body size. The sex ratio is female-biased, and recapture records suggest that fe- males may be philopatric at these sites （whereas recaptures were rare for both sexes found along the roads）. Some toads were found under the same trees in successive wet-seasons. Spooling showed that distances moved per night were similar along the road versus under the trees, but toads under trees showed lower net displacements. Diets also differed （based upon scat analysis）, with tree toads feeding more on beetles and less on ants. These nutrient-rich hotspots are ex- ploited primarily by adult females and juvenile toads, whereas adult males congregate at breeding sites. By magnifying pre-existing intraspecific divergences in habitat use, bird rookeries may en- hance population viability of cane toads by enabling critical age and sex classes to exploit food- rich patches that are rarely used by adult males.

关键词： ancestral niche communal nesting niche partitioning pre-adaptation spatial ecology

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A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activities between Fresh and Dry Mushrooms in the Genera <i>Cantharellus</i>and <i>Afrocantharellus</i>from Tanzania

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第2期5卷 212-221页

作者： Donatha damian Tibuhwa Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (MBB) University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively, fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in dry forms than those in their fresh counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation was low in Afrocantharellus species (0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 = 0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.

关键词： Antioxidant Activity Fresh Mushrooms Sun-Dried Mushrooms Afrocantharellus Cantharellus 1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

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