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Huanglongbing:An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 373-387页

作者： John v.da Graca Greg W.Douhan susan E.Halbert Manjunath L.Keremane Richard F.Lee Georgios vidalakis Hongwei Zhao Texas A&M University--Kingsville Citrus Center WeslacoTexas 78599USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant IndustryP.O.Box 147100GainesvilleFlorida 32614USA USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates RiversideCalifornia 92507USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Citrus huanglongbing（HLB） has become a major disease and limiting factor of production in citrus areas that have become infected. The destruction to the affected citrus industries has resulted in a tremendous increase to support research that in return has resulted in significant information on both applied and basic knowledge concerning this important disease to the global citrus industry. Recent research indicates the relationship between citrus and the causal agent of HLB is shaped by multiple elements, in which host defense responses may also play an important role. This review is intended to provide an overview of the importance of HLB to a wider audience of plant biologists. Recent advances on host-pathogen interactions, population genetics and vectoring of the causal agent are discussed.

关键词： Citrus greening Diaphorina citri host response Huanglongbing(HLB) psyllid vectors

Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-virus Disease Resistant Tomato varieties in Southern India

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 337-345页

作者： John Colvin N Nagaraju Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon R M Govindappa T B Manjunatha Reddy S A Padmaja Neena Joshi Peter M Hanson susan E Seal v Muniyappa Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom University of Agricultural Sciences G.K.V.K.Bangalore 560065India AvRDC-The World vegetable Center

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus（ToLCv）-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and *** high-yielding ToLCv-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCv-viruliferous whitefly,Bemisia *** 2003 and 2004,respectively,these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of *** 2003 to 2005,eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCv-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F1 hybrids from ***-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCv-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCv-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCv-susceptible *** of ToLCv-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide *** income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children＇s education,better nutrition and *** a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India,a promotional field day was organised in *** well as the three ToLCv-resistant varieties,62 ToLCv-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public *** with ToLCv-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 *** 2007,a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837：1.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci begomovirus international development tomato resistance Tomato leaf curl virus

Present state and future challenges in pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics research: Looking beyond the forest

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 96-104页

作者： Craig A Friesen Jennifer v Schurman susan M Abdel-Rahman Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Pediatric Pharmacology Medical Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation Children’s Mercy Kansas City

At the present time, it is nearly impossible to treat pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with pain in an evidence based fashion. This is due to the overall lack of controlled studies and, even more importantly, the complexity of the contributors to disease phenotype which are not controlled or accounted for in most therapeutic trials. In this manuscript, we review the challenges of defining entry criteria, controlling for the large number of biopsychosocial factors which may effect outcomes, and understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors when designing therapeutic trials for abdominal pain in children. We also review the current state of pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics and discuss trial design considerations as we move forward.

关键词： Pharmacogenomics Functional dyspepsia Abdominal pa

Taxonomic revision of lizards from the Paleocene deposits of the Qianshan Basin, Anhui, China

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古脊椎动物学报 2016年第3期54卷 243-268页

作者： DONG Li-Ping susan E. EvANS WANG Yuan Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Aeademy ofScienees Beijing 100044 China Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College Lonclon London WC1E6BT.UK)

Although the Late Cretaceous lizard fauna of China and Mongolia is relatively well-known, information on Paleocene lizards from the same region is currently limited. Several species of lizards have been reported from the Paleocene Wanghudun and Doumu formations of Qianshan Basin on the basis of fragmentary specimens, namely Agama sinensis Hou, 1974, Anhuisaurus huainanensis Hou, 1974, Anqingosanrus brevicephalus Hou, 1976, Changjiangosaurus huananensis Hou, 1976, Qianshanosaurus huangpuensis Hou, 1974, and Tinosaurus doumuensis Hou, 1974. In this paper, we review all the reported material of these taxa with the aid of new technology, including CT scanning, and according to current views of squamate relationships and classification. Revised descriptions and classifications are given for each taxon, leading to changes in our understanding of faunal composition. This, in turn, reveals greater morphological and ecological diversity among the Paleocene lizards of the Qianshan Basin, including the occurrence of a varaniform (IvPP v 22767), and the reinterpretation of Anqingosaurus as a possible burrower. Further work on the Paleocene Qianshan lizards is ongoing and the discovery of new specimens may help to solve the puzzles these strange lizards have posed.

关键词： Qianshan Basin Anhui Paleocene lizards phylogeny taxonomic revision CT-scan

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Implications for the perioperative management of liver transplant patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 507-520页

作者： Suehana Rahman susan.v Mallett Department of Anaesthesia Royal Free London NHS Trust

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a disease that has only recently been recognised as a definitive clinical entity. In the setting of liver cirrhosis, it is characterized by a blunted inotropic and chronotropic response t o s t r e s s, i m p a i r e d d i a s t o l i c r e l a x a t i o n o f t h e myocardium and prolongation of the QT interval in the absence of other known cardiac disease. A key pathological feature is the persistent over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system in cirrhosis, which leads to down-regulation and dysfunction of theβ-adrenergic receptor. Diagnosis can be made using a combination of echocardiography(resting and stress), tissue Doppler imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 12-lead electrocardiogram and measurement of biomarkers. There are significant implications of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in a number of clinical situations in which there is an increased physiological demand, which can lead to acute cardiac decompensation and heart failure. Prior to transplantation there is an increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome, cardiac failure following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and increased risk of arrhythmias during acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Liver transplantation presents the greatest physiological challenge with a further risk of acute cardiac decompensation. Peri-operative management should involve appropriate choice of graft and minimization of large fluctuations in preload and afterload. The avoidance of cardiac failure during this period has important prognostic implications, as there is evidence to suggest a long-term resolution of the abnormalities in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

关键词： Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Liver transplantation Diastolic dysfunction Electrophysiological abnormalities Perioperative care

Eosinophils and mast cells as therapeutic targets in pediatric functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2013年第4期4卷 86-96页

作者： Craig A Friesen Jennifer v Schurman Jennifer M Colombo susan M Abdel-Rahman Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutritionthe Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences the Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology the Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics

There is an increasing appreciation for the importance of inflammation as a pathophysiologic entity that contributes to functional gastrointestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia(FD).Importantly,inflammation may serve as a mediator between psychologic and physiologic *** manuscript reviews the literature implicating two inflammatory cell types,mast cells and eosinophils,in the generation of dyspeptic symptoms and explores their potential as targets for the treatment of *** are a number of inciting events which may initiate an inflammatory response,and the subsequent recruitment and activation of mast cells and *** include internal triggers such as stress and anxiety,as well as external triggers such as microbes and *** studies suggest that there may be efficacy in utilizing medications directed at mast cells and *** exists to suggest that combining "anti-inflammatory" medications with other treatments targeting stress can improve the rate of symptom resolution in pediatric FD.

关键词： Eosinophils Mast cells Functional dyspepsia Abdominal pain Stress

Fuel characteristics, loads and consumption in Scots pine forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova Elena A.Kukavskaya valery A.Ivanov susan G.Conard Douglas J.McRae v.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-separate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 M.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in plots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** developed equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be applicable to similar pine forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among plots is related to the impact and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consumption due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from prefi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(Pv-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained provide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem processes and carbon stocks and could be used to improve existing global and regional models that incorporate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consumption

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新世纪大学英语视听说教程(1)学生用书

2007年

作者： (美)susan Stempleski

《视听说教程:学生用书1》科学性、系统性和时代性的完美体现：以国内外先进外语教学理论为指导，融多种教学模式和手段为一体，满足一般要求、较高要求和更高要求的分层次教学需要。选材贴近时代、贴近生活；强化听说，注重听、说、读... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9787544603003

ISBN: (纸本)9787544603003

《视听说教程:学生用书1》科学性、系统性和时代性的完美体现：以国内外先进外语教学理论为指导，融多种教学模式和手段为一体，满足一般要求、较高要求和更高要求的分层次教学需要。选材贴近时代、贴近生活；强化听说，注重听、说、读、写、译等技能协调发展；练习编写充分体现实用性、新颖性和可操作性。语言能力和文化素质的同步提升:注重培养学习者的英语思维习惯，开拓跨文化交际视野，实现语言综合应用能力和人文素养的全面提高。分类指导和因材施教的教学原则：综合、视听说、阅读、写作、快速阅读等主干教程和经贸、文化类选修课教程，涵盖语言知识、应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际，充分满足个性化教学的需要，有助于学生提高语言综合应用能力，从容应对各级语言能力测试。基于计算机和课堂的教学模式：提供完整、多元、立体化的英语教学平台，个性化的学习光盘、方便实用的电子教案、丰富多样的网络资源，使课堂内外教与学充分体现交互性、自主式和合作型的新型教学模式，实现培养学生终身学习能力的教学目标。新世纪大学英语视听教材是按照《大学英语课程教学要求》，由外教社组织国内十余所著名高校英语教学专家，邀请国际知名视听教学专家，为我国大学生度身打造而成。

关键词：英语

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