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Current perspectives of viral

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2402-2417页

作者： daisuke Usuda Yuki Kaneoka Rikuo Ono Masashi Kato Yuto Sugawara Runa Shimizu Tomotari Inami Eri Nakajima Shiho Tsuge Riki Sakurai Kenji Kawai Shun Matsubara Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Shintaro Shimozawa Yuta Hotchi Ippei Osugi Risa Katou Sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Tomohisa nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Sports Medicine Faculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityBunkyo 113-8421TokyoJapan

Viral hepatitis represents a major danger to public health,and is a globally leading cause of *** five liver-specific viruses:Hepatitis A virus,hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus,each have their own unique epidemiology,structural biology,transmission,endemic patterns,risk of liver complications,and response to antiviral *** remain few options for treatment,in spite of the increasing prevalence of viral-hepatitiscaused liver ***,chronic viral hepatitis is a leading worldwide cause of both liver-related morbidity and mortality,even though effective treatments are available that could reduce or prevent most patients’*** 2016,the World Health Organization released its plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by the year 2030,along with a discussion of current gaps and prospects for both regional and global eradication of viral ***,treatment is sufficiently able to prevent the disease from reaching advanced ***,future therapies must be extremely safe,and should ideally limit the period of treatment necessary.A better understanding of pathogenesis will prove beneficial in the development of potential treatment strategies targeting infections by viral *** review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on each type of viral hepatitis,together with major innovations.

关键词： Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis E virus Current perspectives

Decreased incidence followed by comeback of pediatric infections during the COVID‑19 pandemic in Japan

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 564-567页

作者： Cyrus Ghaznavi Haruka Sakamoto Takayuki Kawashima Sayaka Horiuchi Masahiro Ishikane Sarah Krull Abe daisuke Yoneoka Akifumi Eguchi Yuta Tanoue Masahiro Hashizume Shuhei nomura Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio University35 ShinanomachiShinjuku-kuTokyo 160-8582Japan Medical Education Program Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSaint LouisUSA Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research TokyoJapan Department of Hygiene and Public Health Tokyo Women’s Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan Center for Birth Cohort Studies University of YamanashiYamanashiJapan Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan Division of Prevention National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer ControlTokyoJapan Infectious Disease Surveillance Center National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan Department of Sustainable Health Science Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan Institute for Business and Finance Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan

During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the Japanese government implemented several infection control measures,such as states of emergency(SoE)and school closures,and encouraged universal masking and hand *** activity restrictions and improved hygiene were found to be associated with declines in the incidence of infuenza during the 2019–2020 winter season[1].Prior studies have found that the incidence of seven pediatric infections,such as pharyngoconjunctivitis and varicella,decreased during and after the school closures in Japan[2].As activity restrictions continue to be lifted,there is growing concern that pediatric infections may suddenly return given that the pool of susceptible children increased during the pandemic[3].In this study,we use national infectious disease sentinel data from January 2012 to October 2021 to assess changes in the reported number of pediatric infections in Japan during the COVID-19 *** hypothesize that the reporting of many infectious diseases decreased during the early stages of the pandemic but ultimately returned to normal when activity restrictions were lifted.

关键词： closure return suddenly

Umami: An Alternative Japanese Approach to Reducing Sodium While Enhancing Taste Desirability

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Health 2021年第6期13卷 629-636页

作者： Shuhei nomura Aya Ishizuka Shiori Tanaka daisuke Yoneoka Hisayuki Uneyama Kenji Shibuya Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Health Policy and Management School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan Epidemiology and Prevention Group Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Public Health St. Luke’s International University Tokyo Japan Ajinomoto Co. Inc. Tokyo Japan Soma COVID Vaccination Medical Center Fukushima Japan

COVID-19 has highlighted the underlying global burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the lack of resiliency in health systems to tackle highly preventable risk factors, which have left populations vulnerable to acute health crises. The persistent issue of unhealthy behaviors, particularly those related to a high-sodium diet, suggests inadequate policy attention and insufficient funding for public health and behavioral research. This year, Japan will host the Tokyo Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit 2021. The summit is being held in the era of COVID-19, offering a historic opportunity to make a difference on the global health agenda for food and nutrition and to reaffirm the global commitment to prevent future health crises by addressing the growing burden of NCDs and building better prepared and more resilient health systems. This perspective article suggests that we, global health researchers and decision-makers, should rethink the value of using “Umami” substances as candidates for a practical salt-reducing alternative that originated in Japan (while maintaining the affordability, accessibility, availability, and desirability of healthy food). Reduced salt intake will help address the global syndemic of COVID-19 pandemic and high rates of hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes, and other NCDs. By addressing these issues, it will make countries more resilient to future pandemic threats.

关键词： Umami Sodium Reduction Desirability Eating Behavior

Obligate aerobic, gram-positive, weak acid-fast, nonmotile bacilli, Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens: Minireview of a rare opportunistic pathogen

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8443-8449页

作者： daisuke Usuda Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Shintaro Shimozawa Hayabusa Takano Yuta Hotchi Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou Sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Jiro Oba Tomohisa nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-ku 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Medicine Juntendo UniversityBunkyo-ku 113-8421TokyoJapan

Tsukamurella species are obligate aerobic,gram-positive,weak acid-fast,nonmotile *** are found in various environments,such as soil,water,sludge,and petroleum reservoir wastewater,and belong to the order *** 2016,there was a reclassification of species within the genus Tsukamurella,merging the species Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens(***)and Tsukamurella *** species are clinically considered to be a rare opportunistic pathogen,because most reported cases have been related to bacteremia and intravascular prosthetic devices and *** date,it has been isolated only from human specimens,and has always been associated with clinical disease;human infections are very *** infections have included pneumonia,brain abscesses,catheter-related bloodstream infections,ocular infections,bacteremia,and sepsis presenting with septic pulmonary emboli in patients who are *** date,there is no commercially available test for *** the other hand,sequence-based identification,including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,is an alternative method for identifying clinical isolates that are either slow growers or difficult to identify through biochemical *** golden standards for diagnosis and optimal management still remain to be ***,newer molecular biological techniques can provide accurate identification,and contribute to the appropriate selection of definitive therapy for infections caused by this *** of several antimicrobial agents have been proposed for treatment,though the length of treatment for infections has yet to be determined,and should be individualized according to clinical *** patients often experience severe cases due to infection,and life-threatening *** events associated with dissemination and/or failure of source control have ***

关键词： Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens Gram-positive bacilli Opportunistic infection Sequence-based identification Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry Combination antibiotic therapy

Exophiala dermatitidis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第27期9卷 7963-7972页

作者： daisuke Usuda Toshihiro Higashikawa Yuta Hotchi Kenki Usami Shintaro Shimozawa Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou Sakurako Ito Toshihiko Yoshizawa Suguru Asako Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Jiro Oba Tomohisa nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-ku 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Geriatric Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalHimi-shi 935-8531Toyama-kenJapan

Exophiala is a genus comprising several species of opportunistic black yeasts,which belongs to *** is a rare cause of fungal ***,infections are often chronic and recalcitrant,and while the number of cases is steadily increasing in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people,detailed knowledge remains scarce regarding infection mechanisms,virulence factors,specific predisposing factors,risk factors,and host *** most common manifestations of Exophiala infection are skin infections,and the most frequent type of deep infection is pulmonary infection due to *** invasive disease ranges from cutaneous or subcutaneous infection to systemic dissemination to internal *** final identification of the causative organism should be achieved through a combination of several methods,including the newly introduced diagnostic analysis,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,together with sequencing of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer region of the fungi,and histological and culture *** treatment,because anti-infective agents and natural compounds exhibited poor antibiofilm activity,few treatments have ultimately been found to be effective for specific antifungal therapy,so the optimal antifungal therapy and duration of therapy for these infections remain ***,most forms of disease caused by Exophiala dermatitidis require aggressive combination therapies:Both surgical intervention and aggressive antifungal therapy with novel compounds and azoles are necessary for effective treatment.

关键词： Exophiala dermatitidis Black yeast Immunocompromised host Matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Antifungal drugs

Association between Daily Living Walking Speed and Lifestyle and Physiological Factors in Older, Female Pokémon GO Players

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Health 2021年第5期13卷 564-573页

作者： Shuhei nomura Akifumi Eguchi daisuke Yoneoka Takayuki Kawashima Norimichi Hirahara Yuta Tanoue Stuart Gilmour Hisateru Tachimori Hiroaki Miyata Department of Health Policy and Management School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Sustainable Health Science Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Graduate School of Public Health St. Luke’s International University Tokyo Japan Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Institute for Business and Finance Waseda University Tokyo Japan Department of Clinical Epidemiology Translational Medical Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan Endowed Course for Health System Innovation School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan

Background: Walking speed is a reliable barometer of adverse health outcomes, particularly among older people. Few studies evaluated factors associated with daily actual walking speed, rather than that measured in a laboratory setting or self-reported data. Methods: In a joint effort with The Pokémon Company, we recruited study participants through a women’s magazine and analyzed data from 63 Pokémon GO players. We measured the true walking speed in daily life among older women using a data-gathering mobile application. Then, using questionnaire survey data collected on these participants in 2019, we estimated the relationship between walking speed and their lifestyle and physiological factors. In the analysis, we employed a bi-directional stepwise linear regression approach, with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) for variable selection. Results: The mean age of the 63 participants was 63.03 years (standard deviation, SD 7.46);the average walking speed was 4.56 km per hour (SD 1.54);and 52 (82.5%) and 55 (87.3%) participants answered that they had excellent/good health physically and mentally, respectively. After adjusted for covariates in a stepwise regression approach, we identified a significant association between −1.33 (95% confidence intervals −2.52 to −0.15) km/hour lower walking speed and the experience of outdoor falls within a year. We also demonstrated that the walking speed was 1.07 (0.33 to 1.81) km/hour faster for those who had played Pokémon GO before the study started. Conclusions: The true walking speed in daily life among older women was measured by a data-gathering mobile application. Although all participants were w

关键词： Daily Actual Walking Speed Pokémon GO Players Experience of Outdoor Falls

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in a patient undergoing steroid-free chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第15期10卷 2301-2302页

作者： daisuke Shimizu Kenichi nomura Yosuke Matsumoto Kyoji Ueda Kanji Yamaguchi Masahito Minami Yoshito Itoh Shigeo Horiike Masuji Morita Masafumi Taniwaki Takeshi Okanoue Molecular Hematology and Oncology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto 602-0841Japan Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto 602-0841Japan School of Nursing Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto 602-0841Japan Molecular Hematology and Oncology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto 602-0841Japan Clinical Molecular Genetics and Laboratory MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto 602-0841Japan

A 62-year-old Japanese man who was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBe antibody, underwent chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Mutations were detected in the precore region (nt1896) of HBV. Because steroid-containing regimen may cause reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis may progress to be fulminant afcer its withdrawal, we administered CHO (CPA, DOX and VCR) therapy and the patient obtained complete response. However, he developed acute exacerbation of hepatitis due to HBV reactivation. Recovery was achieved with lamivudine (100 mg/d) and plasma exchange. The present case suggests that acute exacerbation of hepatitis can occur with steroid-free regimen. Because the efficacy of the prophylactic use of lamivudine has been reported and the steroid enhances curability of malignant lymphoma,the steroid containing regimen with prophylaxis of lamivudine should be evaluated further.

关键词：乙型肝炎 HBV 再生作用自由胆固醇化学疗法 CHO

Pseudomembranous colitis presenting as acute colonic obstruction without diarrhea in a patient with gastric Burkitt lymphoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第17期11卷 2681-2683页

作者： Kenichi nomura Kohei Fukumoto daisuke Shimizu Takashi Okuda Naohisa Yoshida Yuri Kamitsuji Yosuke Matsumoto Hideyuki Konishi Yuji Ueda Shigeo Horiike Takeshi Okanoue Masafumi Taniwaki Department of Molecular Hematology and Oncology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan Department of Inflammation and Immunology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan Division of Digestive Surgery Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan Department of Molecular Hematology and Oncology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Laboratory MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineGraduate School of Medical ScienceKyotoJapan

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) usually manifests asfever and diarrhea in hospitalized patients treated withsystemic antibiotics. We described a case of PMC withintestinal obstruction but without diarrhea. A 60-yearold man was hospitalized for chemotherapy for the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma of the stomach. The patient became febrile and complained of crampy abdominal pain during the post-chemotherapy nadir. Plain abdominal radiography showed some intestinal gas and niveau. Because stool cytotoxin assay for clostridium difficile was positive and colon fiberscopic examination showed a pseudomembrane at the left side of the colon,and a diagnosis of PMC was made. Treatment with intracolonic vancomycin administration by colonoscopy and nasoileus tube was successful. Physicians should take into account the possibility of bowel obstruction due to PMC occurring in patients undergoing chemotherapy and perform emergency colonoscopy examination of suspected cases.

关键词： Pseudomembranous colitis Ileus Vancomycin Chemotherapy Lymphoma

Successful endoscopic hemostasis for gastric arterial bleeding due to invasion of malignant lymphoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4285-4286页

作者： Kenichi nomura Shinya Yamada daisuke Shimizu Takashi Okuda Yuri Kamitsuji Naohisa Yoshida Yosuke Matsumoto Naoki Wakabayashi Kazuya Mikami Shigeo Horiike Takeshi Okanoue Masafumi Taniwaki Masafumi Taniwaki Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Urology Clinical Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine

A 75-year-old male with malignant lymphoma (ML) accompanied with gastric lesion was treated with combination chemotherapy. The patient produced tarry stool on the 4th d, and emergency gastroscopy showed arterial bleeding from the lesion. Hemostasis was achieved by injecting pure ethanol and using hemostatic clips. There is only one previous report on endoscopic hemostasis being effective for bleeding due to lymphoma. Since gastric bleeding causes significant mortality, endoscopic hemostasis should be considered as first-line treatment for ML patients who were treated with chemotherapy.

关键词： Malignant lymphoma Endoscopic hemostasis Pure ethanol injection Hemostatic clips