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Alkaloid Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Increases with Addition of Seawater Salts to the Nutrient Solution

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 718-724页

作者： WANG Jing-Yan and LIU Zhao-Pu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,nanjing agricultural university,nanjing 210095 (china) [a] College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China)

A sand culture experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different seawater (5% and 10%) treatments on plant growth,inorganic ions,indole alkaloid concentrations and yields of Catharanthus roseus,in an effort to increase the alkaloid yield by artificial *** total fresh and dry weights and tissue K + concentrations decreased,but Na + concentrations increased in the plant roots,stems and leaves of *** under seawater stress as compared to the *** concentrations and yields of vindoline,catharanthine,vinblastine and vincristine increased under seawater *** concentrations and yields of these alkaloids were higher in 5% seawater-treated plants than those in the 10% seawater-treated *** the industrial production,5% seawater treatments could reduce the cost of producing *** the control plants,the highest alkaloid concentrations reached a peak at 100 days after planting,suggesting that plant harvest must be optimized in terms of growth duration.

关键词： indole alkaloid inorganic ions plant growth seawater irrigation seawater stress

Commercial production of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties and the resistance management for bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第14期45卷 1249-1257页

作者： ZHANG Tianzhen & TANG CanmingKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm & Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agronomy, nanjing agricultural university, nanjing 210095, china Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm & Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in china. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance

关键词： transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton Helicoverpa armigera resistance spatial and temporal expression insect resistance management.

Effect of Silicon on Leaf Ultrastructure, Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Activity of Barley Under Salt Stress

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Pedosphere 1998年第4期8卷 289-296页

作者： LIANG YONGCHAO (Department of plant Nutrition, College of Natural Reaources and Environmental Science, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Regulation, nanjing agricultural university, nanjing 210095 china) Department of plant Nutrition College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Two contrasting cultivars of barley (Horderm vykgare L.): Kepin No. 7 (salt sensitive), and Jian 4 (salt tolerant) were grown in a hydroponics system with 2 NaCl levels: 60 mmol NaCl L-1 and 120 mmol NaCl L-1, and 3 Si levels: 0 mmol Si L-1, 0.5 mmol Si L-1 and 1.0 mmol Si L-1 (as silicic acid). Compared with the plants treated with 60 mmol NaCl L-1 alone, the leaf chlorophyll contents of plants treated with salt and Si increased significantly for salt-sensitive cultivar at tillering stage, but for salt-tolerant cultivar,the addition of Si resulted in an obvious increase in the leaf chlorophyll content of plants exposed to 120 mmol NaCl L-1. However, this Si-enhancement of leaf chlorophyll content was also observed in the salttolerant plants at jointing stage, but not in the salt-sensitive plants. Moreover, leaf chlorophyll content was consistently higher for the salt-tolerant cultivar than for the salt-sensitive cultivar irrespective of salt and/or Si treatment. Compared with the plants treated with salt alone, net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves increased significantly for both cultivars when trested with salt and Si. The addition of Si to the salt treatment was found to improve the cell ultrastructure of leaves. Under salt stress condition, the double membranes of chloroplasts disappeared, but membrane integrity was markedly improved in the salt treatment supplemented with Si. Silicon was also found to ameliorate the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplast granae which appeared to be disintegrated and vague in salt treatments without added Si. The results support previous work which showed that Si decreases the permeability of plasma membranes of salt-stressed barley, thus mitigating salt damage.

关键词： barley photosynthesis salt silicon ultrastructure

AN OBSERVATION STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF DAHURIAN CASEBEARER(COLEOPHORA DAHURICA FLKV.)ADULTS

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Journal of Northeast Forestry university 1993年第2期4卷 82-86页

作者： dai Huaguo Song Xiaoling nanjing agricultural university Li Jianlong Northeast Forestry university 1. Dept. of plant protection Nanjing Agricultural University 210014 Nanjing China 2. Northeast Forestry university China

Through rearing tests and observations under laboratory conditions, biological characters and mating behavior of Dahurian casebearer (Coleophora dahurica Flkv.) adults were studied in this paper. Results discovered that the time of emergense of male adults was 24h to 36h earlier than that of female adults. The peak of sex pheromone secretion of the female adults appeared of 24h to 42h after the emergence. The reaction of male adults on the sex pheromone was most sensitive during 30h to 48h after emerged, so the earlier emergence of the male adults was favorable to mating. The phenomenon of repeated mating did not exist in female adults, but the male adults could mate for several times, with maximum of 4 times. There was a definite behavioral reaction during the mating period of male and female adults, and the certain period of feeding and mating times could affect the adults longervity to a certain degree.

关键词： Dahurian casebearer Adults Biological characters Mating behavior

Relationship between bioaccumulation，distribution of MET and lipid content of aquatic organisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1995年第2期7卷 212-217页

作者： Liu Zhengtao Zhou Fengfan Jin Hongjun(Department of Environmental Sciences , nanjing university , nanjing 210093 , china) Dept of Envmtl Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China China

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Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｉｏａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＭＥＴａｎｄｌｉｐｉｄｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓＬｉｕＺｈｅｎｇｔａｏ；ＺｈｏｕＦｅｎｇｆａｎ；ＪｉｎＨｏｎｇｊｕｎ（Ｄｅｐａｒ...

关键词： MET bioaccumulation distribution acute toxicity : lipid content.

Release of active oxygen from phytopathogenic bacteria and their regulation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 71-75页

作者： LI Hongyu WANG JinshengKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture Department of plant Protection, nanjing Agriculture university, nanjing 210095, china Corresponding author Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China Department of plant Protection Nanjing Agriculture University Nanjing China

Some phytopathogenic bacteria including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （a rice leaf bacterial blight pathogen） and its virulent gene mutant XooM3105,Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia carotovora subsp, carotovora and so on, could release active oxygen such as O2 and H2O2 by ***2+, NADPH and O2 concentration regulated the response. The response is sensitive to heat and proteinase. These results show that the component releasing active oxygen in the bacterial plant pathogen may involve special protein and enzyme and be secreted to culture liquid. Various components of rice tissue can significantly induce the release of active oxygen in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

关键词： phytopathogenic bacteria release of active oxygen rice bacterial leaf blight pathogen interaction between host and pathogen signal transduction.

Composition of Wheat Rhizosphere Antagonistic Bacteria and Wheat Sharp Eyespot as Affected by Rice Straw Mulching

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 505-514页

作者： CHEN Huai-Gu CAO Qi-Guang XIONG Gui-Lin LI Wei ZHANG Ai-Xiang YU Han-Shou WANG Jin-Sheng College of plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) Institute of plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Nanjing 210014 (China) College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China)

To assess the effect of rice straw mulching on changes of antagonistic bacteria and the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot, a multi-year field study was performed to compare unmulched plots and the plots mulched with rice straw for two or three years. Bacterial and fungal populations were evaluated in the cultures prepared from the wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. Rice straw mulching increased the number of pseudomonas colony forming units in wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. The proportion of total bacteria that were fluorescent pseudomonads was higher in mulched than in unmulched soil. Bacterial isolates antagonistic to Rhizoctonia cerealis were identified using an inhibition zone test. A series of these isolates were typed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pseudomonads had higher antagonistic activity against R. cerealis than other species, and more than 80% of rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads were antagonistic to R. eerealis. The disease indices were lower in the mulched plots than in the unmulched control. These results suggest that rice straw mulching in a rice-wheat rotation increases the number of fluorescent pseudomonads. Additionally, these fluorescent pseudomonads may contribute to the control of wheat sharp eyespot.

关键词： antagonistic microorganisms disease control fluorescent pseudomonads Rhizoctonia cerealis rice-wheat rotation

Simulation Model for Photosynthetic Production in Oilseed Rape

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 700-710页

作者： TANG Liang, ZHU Yan 2 , LIU Xiao-Jun, TIAN Yong-Chao, YAO Xia and CAO Wei-Xing Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, nanjing agricultural university, nanjing 210095 (china) [a]Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China)

Photosynthetic production is a major determinant of final yield in crop plants. A simulation model was developed for canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) based on the ecophysiological processes and using a three-layer radiation balance scheme for calculating the radiation interception and absorption by the layers of flowers, pods, and leaves within the canopy. Gaussian integration method was used to calculate photosynthesis of the pod and leaf layers, and the daily total canopy photosynthesis was determined by the sum of photosynthesis from the two layers of green organs. The effects of physiological age, temperature, nitrogen, and water deficit on maximum photosynthetic rate were quantified. Maintenance and growth respiration were estimated to determine net photosynthetic production. Partition index of the shoot in relation to physiological development time was used to calculate shoot dry matter from plant biomass and shoot biomass loss because of freezing was quantified by temperature effectiveness. Testing of the model for dynamic dry matter accumulation through field experiments of different genotypes, sowing dates, and nitrogen levels showed good fit between the observed and simulated data, with an average root mean square error of 10.9% for shoot dry matter. Thus, the present model appears to be reliable for the prediction of photosynthetic production in oilseed rape.

关键词： canopy CO2 assimilation dry matter accumulation N nutrition index radiation

Interactive effect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 607-614页

作者： Xinhua Zhan,Wenzhu Wu,Lixiang Zhou,Jianru Liang,Tinghui Jiang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,nanjing agricultural university,nanjing 210095,china.Greenstar plant Products Inc.,9430 198 St,Langley,BC,Canada V1M3C8. [a] College of Resources Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

The investigation of dissolved organic matter （DOM） on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene （Phe）- contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced difference among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant effect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase （r = -0.761＊＊＊）, and catalase and urease （r = -0.554＊＊）. Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected （r = 0.701＊＊＊）. It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved organic matter phenanthrene soil enzymes