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Airway foreign bodies: A critical review for a common pediatric emergency

World Journal of Emergency medicine 2016年第1期7卷 5-12页

作者： Alaaddin m Salih musab Alfaki dafalla m alam-elhuda Faculty of medicine International University of Africa College of medicine and Veterinary medicine University of Edinburgh Ribat University and Central Police Hospitals National Ribat University Faculty of medicine University of Khartoum

BACKGROUND:Airway foreign bodies(AFBs)is an interdisciplinary area between emergency medicine,pediatrics and *** is a life-threatening condition that is not infrequently seen;however,it is poorly covered in medical *** aspiration of an element into airways is a widespread clinical scenario among children under 3 years,predominantly ***,it is the leading cause of infantile deaths and the fourth one among preschool *** RESOURCES:A systemic search was conducted in July 2015 using Pub med/Pub med Central Database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)(http://***/).A total of 1 767 articles were identified and most of them were meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and case *** thoroughly discussing assessment and management of AFBs were ***:AFBs episodes may be either witnessed or *** of a witness for the inhalation is *** later usually present with persistent active cough.A classical triad of paroxysmal cough,wheezing,and dyspnoea/decreased air entry was reported,though many presentations have inconsistent ***,diagnosis requires high index of clinical *** fibro-optic bronchoscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis,whereas inhaled objects are best retrieved by rigid ***:Close supervision of pediatrics is the hallmark of *** should ensure a safe surrounding milieu,including the toys their offspring play *** complications result from direct obstruction or injury by the inhaled ***,prolonged lodging traps air and induces inflammatory response causing atelectesis and pneumonia,respectively.

关键词： Airway foreign bodies Aspiration/inhalation Airway obstruction Car6 coronary syndrome Breathing difficulties

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Evaluation of Plasma malondialdehyde among Sudanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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Open Journal of Endocrine and metabolic Diseases 2023年第12期13卷 234-243页

作者： Gad Allah modawe Ibtihal Elamin mohammed Abuagla m. dafalla Abdelmarouf mohieldein Faculty of medicine and Health Sciences Department of Biochemistry Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan medical Laboratory Sciences Department of Clinical Chemistry National University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of medical Laboratory Sciences Department of Clinical Chemistry University of Gezira WadMadani Sudan College of Applied medical Sciences Department of Medical Laboratories Qassim University Buraidah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2mD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2Dm complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (mDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2Dm, and 2) assess the associations between mDA and diabetes-related variables. material and methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2Dm patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and mDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. mDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2Dm patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and mDA (P = 0.010), with T2Dm patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between mDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BmI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with mDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated mDA levels in Sudanese T2Dm patients, with a positive correlation between mDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2Dm pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.

关键词： Lipid Peroxide malondialdehyde Hyperglycemia Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Sudanese

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Evaluation of Cavity Formation and the Use of Cut-off Wall to Reduce the Risk of Washing Subsurface Fine material

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Open Journal of Geology 2013年第2期3卷 71-76页

作者： Fouzan Alfouzan muawia A dafalla Akeel Alharbi Assistant Professor and Consultant Civil Engineering BRCES King Saud University Assistant Research Professor King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST Saudi Arabia Scientific Researcher King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST Saudi Arabia

This study shows the results of mapping numerous cavities and distress which appeared and detected in Qassim area, Saudi Arabia. This phenomenon was observed near a school building and residential area and became a serious risk to occupants and residents. The survey was carried out applying geotechnical techniques which included advancing rotary boreholes to depths of 23 m to 30 m with sampling and testing. The evaluation process also included resistivity imaging profiles using 2D electrical resistivity measurements. Results obtained from this research showed a thick top layer of silty clayey sand soil rich of gypsum and carbonate presenting a hazardous and high-risk soil type. The percentage of fines that are likely to be washed out as a result of chemical disintegration and exposure to significant hydraulic gradient was of great concern. Assessment was made using combined geotechnical and geophysical approach in addition to chemical tests. Based on the data collected and analysis of test results a practical solution was suggested to solve this problem. The use of “cut-off wall” in order to reduce the level of subsurface scour and cajuvity formation were found appropriate. The depth of the cut off wall was determined based on the subsurface geological profile. Advantages of this approach and concerns need to be considered in adopting typical solutions that are presented.

关键词： Collapse Cavities Electrical Resistivity Sarah Formation Geotechnical methods

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mC4R、POU1F1基因对京海黄鸡生长性能的遗传效应

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遗传 2008年第7期30卷 900-906页

作者：陶勇李国辉胡玉萍 m. dafalla mekki 陈宽维王金玉扬州大学动物科学与技术学院扬州225009 江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院泰州225300 苏丹科特凡大学自然资源和环境研究院动物科学系苏丹北科特凡州51111 中国农业科学院家禽研究所扬州225003

以mC4R和POU1F1基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测两个候选基因在京海黄鸡群体中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),同时对候选基因与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,mC4R基因编码区第662bp位置有G→C碱基的点突变,在... 详细信息

以mC4R和POU1F1基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测两个候选基因在京海黄鸡群体中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),同时对候选基因与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,mC4R基因编码区第662bp位置有G→C碱基的点突变,在京海黄鸡中检测到AA、AB、BB3种基因型,A等位基因频率为0.929,B等位基因频率为0.071;在POU1F1基因exon3在序列的第5231bp位置有一个A→T碱基的点突变,检测到CC、CD、DD3种基因型,C等位基因频率为0.500,D等位基因频率为0.500。采用GLm模型分析基因型对生长性能的遗传效应,结果表明,mC4R基因AA基因型个体的4、8、12周龄体重显著地高于BB型个体(PmC4R和POU1F1基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因,能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对鸡生长性状的遗传改良。

关键词：京海黄鸡 mC4R基因 POU1F1基因 PCR—SSCP 生长性状

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Correlation between Serum CD36 Level and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Khartoum State, Sudan

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Journal of Diabetes mellitus 2023年第1期13卷 68-75页

作者： Eglal Elamein mohammed Ali Abuagla m. dafalla Yousif Abdelhameed mohammed Bakri Yousif mohamed Nour Faculty of medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background: Diabetes mellitus (Dm) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Dm-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is 88-kD, class B scavenger receptor, expressed on different types of cells. In diabetic patients, LDL particles are glycated with strong level;this increases CD36 expression, initiates foam cell formation and accelerates atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum CD36 level and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State, Sudan, in a period between 2019 and 2022. methodology: Hundred participants at different ages were included in this study;70 were type 2 diabetic patients (cases) and 30 apparently healthy individual (control). 3 ml of venous blood were collected from the participants by using a sterile needle and syringe into a labeled plain container. Each sample was stood until complete clot occurs. Clotted blood sample was then centrifuged to obtain the serum. Then they were used for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and soluble CD36 levels. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using Biosystem chemistry analyzer BTS-302. Serum CD36 was measured using microplate Reader (URIT-660). Results: The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with control (P = 0.03, P = 0.031, P = 0.000, P = 0.000) respectively, while there is no statistically significant differences in serum CD36 level between cases and control (P = 0.129). Also this study showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between serum CD36 level and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, age and body mass index. Conc

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Serum CD36 Lipid Profile Sudan

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The Expression of miRNAs in Sudanese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Khartoum State

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 128-136页

作者： Sarah mohammed dafalla Ahmed Elhadi Elsadig Tarig A. m. Hamid Huda mohamed Haroun Sana Eltahir Abdalla Department of Haematology Medical Laboratory Sciences Program Alyarmouk College Khartoum Sudan Department of Haematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Alzaiem Al Azhari University Khartoum Sudan Department of Haematology and Immunohematology Sharq El Nile College Khartoum North Sudan Department of Haematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Madani Sudan Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Al Neelain University Khartoum Sudan

Background: microRNAs (miRs) are noncoding gene regulators that may have a role as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Aim: To measure the blood levels of miR-146a, miR-126 and miR-30a in Sudanese SLE patients and to investigate their potential role in disease pathogenesis and utility as biomarkers for SLE. material and methods: A total of 48 SLE patients and 20 matched healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was assessed. The blood levels of miR-146a, miR-126 and miR-30a were determined by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all participants. Γ-INF and IL-2 were analyzed by ELISA, and CD markers were used in flow cytometry. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.5 ± 8.5 years with disease duration > 5 years. In SLE patients, the mean blood level fold changes of miR-146a (0.33 ± 0.277;P miR-126 (2.44 ± 1.771;P = 0.007) and miR-30a (1.56 ± 1.40;P > 0.305) compared to controls. Down regulation of miR-146a increase expression of γ-INF (P miR-126 increase expression of CD markers (P miR-126 at a cut-off value 1.209 and miR-146a at cut-off value of 0.9233 which can discriminate between SLE patients significantly associated with SLE disease. Conversely, miR-30a was insignificantly associated with SLE disease (P value > 0.05) as no differences between the SLE patients and healthy control. Conclusion: Circulating miR-146a and miR-126 could be a potential noninvasive biomarker in SLE. This study provides an overview of the current state of research on the role of miRNAs in the immune pathogenesis and regulation of SLE. Further studies are needed in miRNAs profiling expressions of SLE diseases.

关键词： Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) microRNAs

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Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Genes SpeA and SpeB in Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from Children with Pharyngitis, Gezira State, Sudan

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American Journal of molecular Biology 2022年第4期12卷 181-189页

作者： minas mohamed Balla Adil mergani mohamed Elamin A. m. E. medani Adam Dawoud Abakar Ameer mohamed dafalla Department of microbiology Faculty of Science University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of molecular and Immunogenetics NCI University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Pediatric Cardiologist Faculty of medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is an important human bacterial pathogen. This organism possesses many virulence factors, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxinone of these. Aim: Detection of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin SpeA and SpeB in isolated Streptococcus pyogenes. methods: Tow hundred throat swab samples were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Pediatric Teaching hospital and ENT hospital Wad medani, Sudan, from January to November 2021. The questionnaire was filled out to collect clinical and demographic data. Throat swabs were collected and processed with the standard microbiological procedure to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Detection of Spy 1258 gene and Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins SpeA and SpeB were done by using multiplex PCR. Results: Amongst the Tow hundred collected samples fifty-one isolates (25.5%) were identified as S. pyogenes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Azithromycin and Penicillin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. SpeA was detected in 17 (33.3%) and SpeB in 48 (94.1%). Conclusion: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes SpeA and SpeB were detected in 17 (33.3%) and 48 (94.1%) respectively of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.

关键词： Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Genes Sudan SpeA SpeB

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Screening for Sodium-Salt Tolerance at the Seedling Stage of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Genotypes from Sudan and South Sudan

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2018年第6期8卷 341-351页

作者： Seif Gasim Ishraka Abuanja mohamedsalih dafalla Abdelwahab Abdalla Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of KhartoumShambat 13314Sudan Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of KhartoumShambat 13314Sudan

morpho-physiological and genetic studies of salinity are important in understanding the mechanism of plant adaptation to stressful *** rice genotypes collected from Sudan and South Sudan,which were never tested for salt tolerance,as well as two genotypes(FL478 as tolerant check and IR29 as sensitive check)from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI),were subjected to salinity stress at seedling *** was carried out in hydroponic system applying electrical conductivity(EC)12 dS/m NaCl using randomized complete block design with three *** of the genotypes showed sensitivity to salt stress;one genotype PIPANFARY RED2 was moderately sensitive and three genotypes mASURY1,mASURY2 and FL478 were *** significantly reduced leaf dry weight,shoot dry weight,root dry weigh and biomass production(biomass/plant)by 31%,42%,60%and 47%,*** genotypes accumulated low amount(2.52 g/100 g dry weight(dwt))of Na^+in the root,whereas highly sensitive genotypes accumulated high amount(3.87 g/100 g dwt)of Na^+.Tolerant genotypes showed less reduction in K^+concentration than the sensitive ***,they maintained lowest Na^+/K^+ratio in the shoot(1.47%)than in the root(3.69%)compared to the intolerant genotypes(7.49%and 8.49%).The genotypes that showed tolerance to salinity stress can be used as a source of resistance/tolerance in a breeding program for rice improvement in uplands areas in semi-arid condition.

关键词： Rice salt tolerance seedling stage plant tissue

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Survey for viruses-particularly begomoviruses-infecting pepper crops in China

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2006年第4期7卷 24-24页

作者： Zhang D.Y. Liu Y. Zhuang C.R. W.S. Tsai S.L. Shih L.m. Lee Wang J.T. S.K. Green Hunan Plant Protection Institute Changsha 410125 China Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Baoji China AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center P.O. Box 42 Shanhua Tainan 74199 Taiwan China

Viruses are considered the most important constraint to hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum sp.) production in China, from which nine viruses

关键词：中国辣椒类作物病毒感染菜豆金色花叶病毒疾病调查

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