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Contribution of Good Agricultural practices to Soil Biodiversity

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第1期11卷 75-85页

作者： Beata Houšková Rastislav Bušo Jarmila Makovníková National Agricultural and Food Centre/Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava Slovakia National Agricultural and Food Centre/VÚ RV Pie&#353 ť any Slovakia National Agricultural and Food Centre/Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Banská Bystrica Slovakia

At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.

关键词： Good Agricultural practices Soil Biodiversity Earthworms Microorganisms Soil Enzymes Organic Farm Soil Moisture

Is the Grass Greener on the Other Side?Work-Related Migration From Western-Hungary to Austria

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Economics World 2018年第6期6卷 425-432页

作者： Elod kovács Széchenyi István University GyorHungary

After the 2004 EU accession of Hungary,the evolvement of the cross-border regions has started to emerge there as well,followed by the decrease—and in case of the Schengen Area the complete break off—of the separation role of the borders as a result of which the citizens of the member states have free movement in the greater part of the European *** basic goal of the EU enlargement was the establishment of the free movement of capital,goods,information,and workers.A very strong workforce migration has immediately started and is still ongoing among the EU member states,directing in first row from the less developed economies to the better developed *** of course is the same in case of Hungary,where the active population in a rapidly growing number makes the decision to take a job in the well-developed countries of the EU for a shorter or longer *** to Rechnitzer,people living in the Austrian-Hungarian border region(among whom many were Hungarian citizens)were capable of novation and were active performers in general already before the transition *** study focuses on the key motivation factors and the possible grouping of the people living in Western-Hungary having decided to work in Austria.

关键词： Austria labour market migrants key motivational factors

Improving ecosystem services in farmlands:beginning of a long-term ecological study with restored flower-rich grasslands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 399-405页

作者： András Báldi Raoul Pellaton Áron Domonkos Bihaly Viktor Szigeti Eszter Lellei-kovács András Máté Miklós Sárospataki Zoltán Soltész LászlóSomay Anikókovács-Hostyánszki Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group Institute of Ecology and BotanyCentre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary Department of Zoology and Ecology Institute of Wildlife Management and Nature ConservationHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesGödöllőHungary Dorcadion Ltd KecskemétHungary

Biodiversity declines in an unprecedented way,mostly due to land use *** interventions proved to be one of the most effective tools to halt the decline,especially in ecosystems such as agricultural ***-based,locally adapted recommendations on grassland restoration,however,are often missing,so we present a novel approach for such interventions that can be implemented anywhere and that are based on scientific *** a recently started long-term field ecological study,we established 0.5 ha wildflower parcels,using a diverse local seed mixture of 32 insect-visited plant species in Central European agricultural landscapes in *** focus is on the landscape-scale effects of this ecological intensification on ecosystem services such as crop yield,pollination and pest control,and the long-term monitoring of the successional *** aim is to showcase an effective restoration protocol that could serve as a model for future farm management,and provide much-needed evidence for policy on landscape ecological restoration of international relevance.

关键词： Ecological intensification field experiment protocol restoration wildflower strip

Positive Solution for a Singular Fourth-Order Differential System

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第9期9卷 2244-2257页

作者： B. kovács Institute of Mathematics University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary

In this paper, we investigate the existence of positive solutions for the singular fourth-order differential system u(4) = φu + f (t, u, u”, φ), 0 t φ” = μg (t, u, u”), 0 t u (0) = u (1) = u”(0) = u”(1) = 0, φ (0) = φ (1) = 0;where μ > 0 is a constant, and the nonlinear terms f, g may be singular with respect to both the time and space variables. The results obtained herein generalize and improve some known results including singular and non-singular cases.

关键词： Positive Solutions Fixed Point Theorem Singular Solutions Bending of an Elastic Beam Cone Boundary Value problem Existence Multiplicity

Novel approaches in schizophrenia-from risk factors and hypotheses to novel drug targets

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第7期11卷 277-296页

作者： MatejĽupták danica Michaličková Zdeněk Fišar Eva Kitzlerová Jana Hroudová Institute of Pharmacology First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PraguePrague 12800Czech Republic Department of Psychiatry First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PraguePrague 12000Czech Republic

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by emotional,behavioral and cognitive disturbances, and the treatment of schizophrenia is oftencomplicated by noncompliance and pharmacoresistance. The search for thepathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia has resulted in theproposal of several hypotheses to explain the impacts of environmental, genetic,neurodevelopmental, immune and inflammatory factors on disease onset andprogression. This review discusses the newest insights into the pathophysiologyof and risk factors for schizophrenia and notes novel approaches in antipsychotictreatment and potential diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers. The currenthypotheses focusing on neuromediators (dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin),neuroinflammation, the cannabinoid hypothesis, the gut-brain axis model, andoxidative stress are summarized. Key genetic features, including small nucleotidepolymorphisms, copy number variations, microdeletions, mutations andepigenetic changes, are highlighted. Current pharmacotherapy of schizophreniarelies mostly on dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonists/partial agonists, butnew findings in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have allowed theexpansion of novel approaches in pharmacotherapy and the establishment ofmore reliable biomarkers. Substances with promising results in preclinical andclinical studies include lumateperone, pimavanserin, xanomeline, roluperidone,agonists of trace amine-associated receptor 1, inhibitors of glycine transporters,AMPA allosteric modulators, mGLUR2-3 agonists, D-amino acid oxidase inhibitorsand cannabidiol. The use of anti-inflammatory agents as an add-on therapy ismentioned.

关键词： Schizophrenia Immune system Inflammation Genetics Novel antipsychotics Add-on therapy

Water in the upper mantle and deep crust of eastern China: concentration, distribution and implications

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National Science Review 2019年第1期6卷 125-144页

作者： Qun-Ke Xia Jia Liu István kovács Yan-Tao Hao Pei Li Xiao-Zhi Yang Huan Chen Ying-Ming Sheng School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of China Hungarian Geological and Geophysical Institute 4. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University

Understanding the concentration and distribution of water in the Earth’s mantle plays a substantial role in studying its chemical, physical and dynamic processes. After a decade of research, a comprehensive dataset of water content in upper-mantle samples has been built for eastern China, which is now the only place with water-content data from such diverse types of natural samples, and provides an integrated picture of the water content and its distribution in the upper mantle at a continental scale. The main findings include the following:(i) the temporal heterogeneity of the water content in the lithospheric mantle from early Cretaceous(～120 Ma) to Cenozoic(dation);(ii) the heterogeneous water content in the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath different blocks of eastern China was not only inherited from tectonic settings from which they came, but was also affected later by geological processes they experienced;(iii) the distinct water content between the lowermost crust and lithospheric mantle of eastern China and its induced rheological contrast at the base of the crust indicate that the continental crust–mantle boundary could behave either in a coupled or decoupled manner beneath different areas and/or at different stages;(iv) the alkali basalts of eastern China demonstrate a heterogeneous distribution of water content in the mantle;local and regional comparisons of the water content between the lithospheric mantle and basalts’ source indicate that the Cenozoic alkali basalts in eastern China were not sourced from the lithospheric ***, the inferred high water contents in the mantle sources suggest that the Cenozoic eastern China basalts were likely sourced from the mantle transition zone(MTZ); and(v) both oceanic and continental crusts may carry a certain amount of water back into the deep mantle of eastern China by plate *** re

关键词： water upper mantle and deep crust continental stability basalt genesis eastern China

New species in Aspergillus section Fumigati from reclamation sites in Wyoming (U.S.A.) and revision of A. viridinutans complex

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 253-274页

作者： Alena Nováková Vit Hubka Zuzana Dudová Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa Alena Kubátová Takashi Yaguchi Miroslav Kolařík Biology Centre AS CR v.v.i.Institute of Soil BiologyNa Sádkách 737005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Fungi Institute of Microbiology AS CRv.v.iVídeňská108314220 Prague 4Czech Republic Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueBenátská212801 Prague 2Czech Republic Medical Mycology Research Center Chiba University1-8-1InohanaChuo-kuChiba 260-8673Japan

The Aspergillus viridinutans complex includes morphologically similar,soil-inhabiting *** its species boundaries have not been fully defined,many isolates from the complex have been isolated as opportunistic human and animal *** the present study,these species were dominant in spoil sites subjected to various types of reclamation management after coal *** species were characterised using two different PCR-fingerprinting methods,sequence data from the β-tubulin(benA)and calmodulin(caM)genes,macro-and micromorphology(optical and scanning electron microscopy),maximum growth temperatures and mating *** addition,RNA polymerase II gene(RPB2),actin(act1)and ITS sequences were deposited for the ex-type isolates of newly described *** mating experiment results,phylogenetic analyses and ascospore morphology suggested the presence of five species in the *** *** aureolus(*** aureola)was the only homothallic *** species,***,***(***)and *** ***.,were heterothallic and their morphologically distinguishable teleomorph was induced by systematic mating *** viridinutans *** to be a very rare species and was represented only by the ex-type isolate in which the MAT1-1 locus was *** viridinutans and *** were typified in accordance with the rules of the new botanical *** species outside the *** complex isolated from the reclamation sites were *** and *** as well as two new sister species,*** *** *** *** were closely related each to other and to *** new species are phylogenetically distant from all anamorphic species and resemble ***,*** and *** in micromorphology and are distinguishable from each other by the slower growth of *** on all tested ***,no isolate from the

关键词： Aspergillus fumigatus Heterothallic species MAT locus Neosartorya udagawae PCR fingerprinting Soil fungi

Changes in the Regulating Ecosystem Service on the Contaminated Site Used for Energy Purposes

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第9期10卷 597-611页

作者： Jarmila Makovníková Beata Houšková Pálka Boris Širáň Miloš National Agricultural and Food Centre/Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava Sovakia

Soil cleaning, the ability of the soil to immobilize the risk elements, belongs to important agroecosystem services in terms of protection of the hydrosphere and plant production from contamination. Dynamic monitoring of selected indicators of soil quality was realized in a special network of site on soil used for planting fast growing willow (Salix viminalis). Monitoring of the study site Kuchyňa (Mollic Fluvisol) is running since 2010 year. The fast-growing willow was planted on an area of about 43 hectares. Study site Kuchyňa belonged to the degraded contaminated sites, at the time of planting (the total contents of the risk elements were as follows: Cd 1.016 mg∙kg−1, Zn 199.000 mg∙kg−1, Ni 51.500 mg∙kg−1) There were positive changes in the total content of cadmium, zinc and nickel (in 2018 year), the zinc content decreased by 27% compared to 2010, the nickel content was lower by 23% and the Cd content by 57% in comparison to 2010 year, these elements have a declining trend during the monitored period. The remediation ability of the willow in relation to the risk elements was manifested by the accumulation of these elements in the wood mass and by their decrease in the soil below the limit value. The regulatory ecosystem service, the potential for the immobilisation of the risk elements, was evaluated based on the sum of the assessment of the contamination potential and the sorption potential of soil. The decrease of the total content of risk elements in the soil below the limit value was manifested in the increase of the potential o

关键词： Soil Cleaning Willow Crops for Bioenergy Risk Elements Soil Quality Indicators

Human-altered soils–Signatures of Anthrosols and their potential for arable lands

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 109-121页

作者： Michael O.Asare Wazi Apoh Jerry Owusu Afriyie Jiřina Száková Dinkayehu Alamnie Asrade Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesKamýcká129CZ-16521 Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies University of GhanaP.O.Box L.G.3LegonGhana Department of Animal Science and Food processing in the Tropics Faculty of Tropical AgriSciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueKamycka 129Prague 6–Suchdol CZ1651400Czech Republic

The fertility of human-altered soils,Anthrosols,developed from past settlement activities for crop production is scarcely *** study evaluated the fertility of Anthrosols developed from the 15th to mid-20th century AD settlement in Old Buipe,Savanna region,Ghana,to determine whether abandoned localities are suitable for arable *** activities enhanced the physical attributes of the Anthrosols:brown to dark brown intergrain fine soil,15%−35%organic matter,15%−30%potsherd,and 5%−15%charred *** Anthrosols were slightly acidic to neutral reactions(pH_([H_(2)O])5.67−6.83,pH_([cacl_(2)])5.83−6.95),high cation exchange capacity(CEC;18.77−45.31me/100 g),electric conductivity(EC=0.28−0.36 dS m^(−1)),accumulation,and distribution of organic C,total N,P,Mn,Cu,Zn,K,and Fe,and available P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Mn,Fe,Cu,and ***-available nutrients were comparatively higher than concentrations in non-anthropogenic *** level of releasability(bioavailable fractions of total concentrations)of P,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,and Zn partly compensates for low plant-available *** of chemical and physical properties of Anthrosols make them fertile for arable *** signatures of settlement activities are strong and can remain in soils for a long time,even under harsh environmental conditions.

关键词： arable field Anthrosols organic matter physical properties releasability settlement activities